The Application of RFID in the Life-Time ... - Semantic Scholar
54 International Journal of Applied Logistics, 3(1), 54-65, January-March 2012
The Application of RFID in the Life-Time Traceability of Animals Yun Liu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Vocational and Technical College of Communications, China Peiji Shao, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
ABSTRACT This paper discusses how to use the RFID technology to realize the life-time traceability of animals. In order to record movements of an animal, the authors adapt the electronic pedigree designed for drugs to animals, which acts as standard data elements and is transferred between partners. Then a CIS is proposed based on the methodology which ensures movements of the animal to be recorded correctly. Results in a case study show that the solution can facilitate the life-time traceability of animals. It is reliable, convenient to query, easy to understand and use, and compatible with existing information systems. Keywords:
Animal Identification, Electronic Pedigree, RFID, Tracing
INTRODUCTION Animal identification and tracing is so important in securing food supply and preventing disease spreading that such projects as the National Animal Identification System (NAIS) in the United States and the National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) in Australia are developed, and the National Animal Identification and Tracing (NAIT) in New Zealand is being proposed. In NAIS, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) only requires the producer in a registered premise to report certain animal movements that might have a potential impact on spreading a disease (USDA, 2006). This is different from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) who want to record all movements in DOI: 10.4018/jal.2012010104
the pharmaceutical supply chain in order to fight counterfeit drugs. The drug pedigree, which records the sale by a pharmaceutical manufacturer, the acquisition and sale by a wholesaler and final sale to a pharmacy (EPCGlobal, 2007), enables the lifetime traceability of drugs. We borrow this idea and adapt the electronic pedigree designed for drugs to animals. The RFID technology helps read and write the electronic pedigree stored in the RFID tag. The electronic pedigree cannot fulfill the life-time traceability of animals alone. When the animal moves on, new information must be added to the electronic pedigree to reflect its movement. Since information is produced in distributed information systems, so another problem in the life-time traceability of animals is information system integration, which requires
Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
International Journal of Applied Logistics, 3(1), 54-65, January-March 2012 55
the development of the collaborative business process model. This paper discusses how to use the RFID technology to realize the life-time traceability of animals, which is organized as the following: first we review the application of the RFID technology in animal identification and tracing and the knowledge about the electronic pedigree. Next after putting forward existing problems, we introduce the electronic pedigree redesigned for animals and the methodology to build the collaborative business process model and develop a CIS (Collaborative Information System) which combines methods of Rajsiri, Lorre, Benaben, and Pingaud (2007) and Chaari, Binnier, Favrel, and Amar (2006). In a case study of the pet’s management, we demonstrate how to use them step by step. Finally, we discuss impacts of our solution and describe our future research direction.
BACKGROUND The Application of RFID in Animal Identification and Tracing In China, the RFID technology is applied first in pet identification. Increasing pets oblige the public to think about problems in the pet’s management and turn to get helps from other countries’ experiences. Since it is the right time that market-ready RFID technologies are gradually taking place of traditional eartags, tattoos and brands in identifying animals, some Chinese cities try to utilize RFID tags to store simple information necessary for pets and build pet identification systems. Thus once a pet is lost, the person who finds it can easily figure out who it belongs to by reading the RFID tag. RFID tags are also applied in the pork supply chain to guarantee the product’s quality. This is the first time that Chinese government requires traceability in the food supply to protect the consumer’s right to know what they will buy (Xiong, Fu, Lin, Luo, & Yang, 2009). USDA goes further to build NAIS, which enable USDA to trace a disease back to its
source in short time and limit potential harm to animal agriculture (USDA, 2008). The premises registration component is the foundation of NAIS. When a producer registers his premise, a unique premises identification number (PIN) is assigned and his contact information is recorded, which ensures that the producer is notified quickly when an animal disease outbreaks (USDA, 2008). The animal identification component involves assigning an animal or a group of animals a unique animal identification number (AIN), which gives animal health officials a clue for epidemiologic investigations (USDA, 2008). The animal tracing component allows a producer to choose an animal tracing database (operated and maintained by private industry groups or States) and report certain animal movements that might pose a significant risk of disease transmission (USDA, 2008). NAIS is a State-Federal-industry partnership, the responsibility for implementing and administering NAIS is shared among State animal health authorities, USDA, and the animal agriculture production industry (USDA, 2008).
The Electronic Pedigree FDA specifies that the drug pedigree is the statement of a drug’s history in the pharmaceutical supply chain. According to the Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA), the drug pedigree should record the drug name, dosage, container size, number of containers, drug lot or control number, names and addresses of all partners in each previous transaction, and transaction dates. But maintaining such a drug pedigree is overwhelming (Koh, Schuster, Chackrabarti, & Bellman, 2003). EPCglobal specifies an open document model complying with PDMA, which defines two XML schemas. One is about the standard electronic pedigree format; the other is about the standard electronic envelope format to package multiple electronic pedigrees. The great benefit of these schemas is that they provide standardization for the exchange of electronic pedigrees as they pass down the supply chain (EPCGlobal, 2007).
Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
10 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/article/application-rfid-life-timetraceability/62264?camid=4v1
This title is available in InfoSci-Journals, InfoSci-Journal Disciplines Business, Administration, and Management. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=2
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The Application of RFID in the Life-Time Traceability of Animals Yun Liu, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Vocational and Technical College of Communications, China Peiji Shao, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
ABSTRACT This paper discusses how to use the RFID technology to realize the life-time traceability of animals. In order to record movements of an animal, the authors adapt the electronic pedigree designed for drugs to animals, which acts as standard data elements and is transferred between partners. Then a CIS is proposed based on the methodology which ensures movements of the animal to be recorded correctly. Results in a case study show that the solution can facilitate the life-time traceability of animals. It is reliable, convenient to query, easy to understand and use, and compatible with existing information systems. Keywords:
Animal Identification, Electronic Pedigree, RFID, Tracing
INTRODUCTION Animal identification and tracing is so important in securing food supply and preventing disease spreading that such projects as the National Animal Identification System (NAIS) in the United States and the National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) in Australia are developed, and the National Animal Identification and Tracing (NAIT) in New Zealand is being proposed. In NAIS, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) only requires the producer in a registered premise to report certain animal movements that might have a potential impact on spreading a disease (USDA, 2006). This is different from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) who want to record all movements in DOI: 10.4018/jal.2012010104
the pharmaceutical supply chain in order to fight counterfeit drugs. The drug pedigree, which records the sale by a pharmaceutical manufacturer, the acquisition and sale by a wholesaler and final sale to a pharmacy (EPCGlobal, 2007), enables the lifetime traceability of drugs. We borrow this idea and adapt the electronic pedigree designed for drugs to animals. The RFID technology helps read and write the electronic pedigree stored in the RFID tag. The electronic pedigree cannot fulfill the life-time traceability of animals alone. When the animal moves on, new information must be added to the electronic pedigree to reflect its movement. Since information is produced in distributed information systems, so another problem in the life-time traceability of animals is information system integration, which requires
Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
International Journal of Applied Logistics, 3(1), 54-65, January-March 2012 55
the development of the collaborative business process model. This paper discusses how to use the RFID technology to realize the life-time traceability of animals, which is organized as the following: first we review the application of the RFID technology in animal identification and tracing and the knowledge about the electronic pedigree. Next after putting forward existing problems, we introduce the electronic pedigree redesigned for animals and the methodology to build the collaborative business process model and develop a CIS (Collaborative Information System) which combines methods of Rajsiri, Lorre, Benaben, and Pingaud (2007) and Chaari, Binnier, Favrel, and Amar (2006). In a case study of the pet’s management, we demonstrate how to use them step by step. Finally, we discuss impacts of our solution and describe our future research direction.
BACKGROUND The Application of RFID in Animal Identification and Tracing In China, the RFID technology is applied first in pet identification. Increasing pets oblige the public to think about problems in the pet’s management and turn to get helps from other countries’ experiences. Since it is the right time that market-ready RFID technologies are gradually taking place of traditional eartags, tattoos and brands in identifying animals, some Chinese cities try to utilize RFID tags to store simple information necessary for pets and build pet identification systems. Thus once a pet is lost, the person who finds it can easily figure out who it belongs to by reading the RFID tag. RFID tags are also applied in the pork supply chain to guarantee the product’s quality. This is the first time that Chinese government requires traceability in the food supply to protect the consumer’s right to know what they will buy (Xiong, Fu, Lin, Luo, & Yang, 2009). USDA goes further to build NAIS, which enable USDA to trace a disease back to its
source in short time and limit potential harm to animal agriculture (USDA, 2008). The premises registration component is the foundation of NAIS. When a producer registers his premise, a unique premises identification number (PIN) is assigned and his contact information is recorded, which ensures that the producer is notified quickly when an animal disease outbreaks (USDA, 2008). The animal identification component involves assigning an animal or a group of animals a unique animal identification number (AIN), which gives animal health officials a clue for epidemiologic investigations (USDA, 2008). The animal tracing component allows a producer to choose an animal tracing database (operated and maintained by private industry groups or States) and report certain animal movements that might pose a significant risk of disease transmission (USDA, 2008). NAIS is a State-Federal-industry partnership, the responsibility for implementing and administering NAIS is shared among State animal health authorities, USDA, and the animal agriculture production industry (USDA, 2008).
The Electronic Pedigree FDA specifies that the drug pedigree is the statement of a drug’s history in the pharmaceutical supply chain. According to the Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA), the drug pedigree should record the drug name, dosage, container size, number of containers, drug lot or control number, names and addresses of all partners in each previous transaction, and transaction dates. But maintaining such a drug pedigree is overwhelming (Koh, Schuster, Chackrabarti, & Bellman, 2003). EPCglobal specifies an open document model complying with PDMA, which defines two XML schemas. One is about the standard electronic pedigree format; the other is about the standard electronic envelope format to package multiple electronic pedigrees. The great benefit of these schemas is that they provide standardization for the exchange of electronic pedigrees as they pass down the supply chain (EPCGlobal, 2007).
Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
10 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/article/application-rfid-life-timetraceability/62264?camid=4v1
This title is available in InfoSci-Journals, InfoSci-Journal Disciplines Business, Administration, and Management. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=2
Related Content An Empirical Test of the Information Processing Theory Honggeng Zhou (2013). Management Innovations for Intelligent Supply Chains (pp. 66-81).
www.igi-global.com/chapter/empirical-test-information-processingtheory/70625?camid=4v1a Deploying a Zone-Based Massively Multiplayer Online Game on a Congested Network Robert Aboolian, Yi Sun and Jack Leu (2012). International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management (pp. 38-57).
www.igi-global.com/article/deploying-zone-based-massivelymultiplayer/62052?camid=4v1a Virtual Organization of Supply Chains Zlatko Nedelko and Vojko Potocan (2015). Optimization of Supply Chain Management in Contemporary Organizations (pp. 198-217).
www.igi-global.com/chapter/virtual-organization-of-supplychains/125941?camid=4v1a
Towards a Unified Definition of Supply Chain Management: The Four Fundamentals Edward Sweeney (2013). Technological Solutions for Modern Logistics and Supply Chain Management (pp. 32-50).
www.igi-global.com/chapter/towards-unified-definition-supplychain/72839?camid=4v1a
