Three TwenTieTh CenTury DiCTaTors Three TwenTieTh CenTury ...
Three Twentieth Century Dictators Introduction & Chapter 1 Vocabulary
• Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word dictator mean in this book? Let’s look for clues to the meaning of this word on page 2. (ruler who holds absolute power over a country; makes important decisions without the approval of other people; often feared and hated)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
Level X/60
• Identify facts and details: The dictator who ruled the Soviet Union was . . . (Joseph Stalin, page 3) • Identify facts and details: Who did Hitler try to blame for Germany’s troubles? (Jewish people, page 9)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension Cause: Germany lost World War I.
t
t
Effect: had to give up its weaponsand territory
Effect: had to pay $30 billion for damages
• Identify cause and effect: Why did Germany have to give up its weapons and territory and pay $30 billion after World War I? Use a cause-and-effect chart for help in answering the question. (Germany lost the war and had to pay for damages it had caused. page 8) • Identify cause and effect: Why did conditions worsen in Germany in 1929? (There was a worldwide economic depression and millions of German people lost their jobs. page 11)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
• Identify main idea: Paragraphs two and three on page 12 are mainly about . . . (Answer: Hitler’s abuse of the Jews; Clues/Evidence: He prevented Jews from taking certain jobs. He stripped them of their German citizenship and seized their businesses. He forced them to wear a yellow star and sent them to concentration camps, where up to 2000 people at a time were killed in gas chambers.) • Make inferences: What can you infer from the first paragraph on page 13? (Answer: Five million non-Jews were murdered during the Holocaust; Clues/Evidence: Hitler had more than 11 million people murdered in concentration camps. Six million of them were Jews.)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
• A nalyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to organize the information about Hitler’s life on page 6? (chronological order) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the photo of Hitler on page 7 to . . . (show him as an angry and evil man)
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
• Use description to determine word meaning: What do the words trade unions mean in this book? Let’s find clues to the meaning of these words on page 15. (Socialists started trade unions to get better pay and safe conditions for workers.)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
• Identify facts and details: In 1914, Mussolini started . . . (his own newspaper, page 17) • Identify facts and details: How did Mussolini die? (He was shot when caught trying to escape to Switzerland. page 21)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension cause:
Mussolini changed his views on war.
cause:
Mussolini encouraged Italy to join World War I.
• Identify cause and effect: Mussolini was thrown out of the Socialist Party because . . . Use a cause-and-effect chart for help in answering the question. (He changed his views on war and encouraged Italy to join World War I. page 17) • Identify sequence of events: After Mussolini conquered Ethiopia, he . . . (formed an alliance with Hitler, page 21)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension t
t
effect :
Mussolini was thrown out of the Socialist Party
• Make inferences: You can tell from page 18 that the Black Shirts were . . . (Answer: powerful; Clues/Evidence: They maintained law and order by violently attacking antifascist groups. They marched on Rome and forced the king to make Mussolini prime minister.) • Identify main idea: Page 19 is mainly about . . . (Answer: Mussolini’s policies; Clues/Evidence: He made all political parties, except his own, illegal. He put strict controls on businesses, schools, newspapers, and police. He had schoolbooks rewritten. His Black Shirts harassed and even killed those who disagreed with him. He set up a secret police force to spy on people who opposed him.) • Use graphic features to interpret information: You can tell from the time line that Mussolini was Italy’s dictator for . . . (Answer: 18 years; Clues/Evidence: He became dictator in 1925. He was forced from power and imprisoned in 1943. pages 20–21)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
• Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to organize the information in the first paragraph of Chapter 2? (compare and contrast) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the information about Mussolini’s boyhood on page 16 to . . . (show that he was an angry and violent person from youth)
Chapter 3 & Conclusion Vocabulary
• Use synonyms to determine word meaning: What does the word underground mean in this book? Let’s look for clues to the meaning of this word on page 24. (Stalin and other students joined an underground, or secret, political group.)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
• Analyze text structure and organization: The author uses a problem-solution structure to organize the first paragraph on page 27. Give an example. (Problem: The Soviet Union was far behind the United States and western Europe when it came to industry. Solution: Stalin started new industries, such as steel making.) • Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to organize the Conclusion? (compare and contrast) • Evaluate author’s point of view: You can tell from this book that the author views dictators as . . . (evil)
joined t forces with switched Hitler sides
t
• Make inferences: Which sentence on page 27 shows how much the Soviet people feared Stalin? (Answer: The last sentence; Clues/Evidence: The sentence, “But no one dared to stop him,” shows that people were too afraid to oppose him. page 27) • Make inferences: Information on page 28 suggests that Stalin was . . . Use a semantic web for help in answering the question. (Answer: disloyal; Clues/Evidence: He trusted no one and even thought his friends might be threats. He had old friends killed or imprisoned. He joined forces with Hitler, then switched sides and joined the Allied forces during World War II.) • Identify main idea: Page 29 is mainly about . . . (Answer: The Cold War; Clues/Evidence: The Cold War was the period after World War II when the Soviets tried to control eastern European countries. The United States worked to block Stalin’s efforts. The period was one of tension between democratic and communist nations. The Cold War, fought with propaganda rather than troops and guns, lasted until the late 1980s.)
had old friends killed or imprisoned
Disloyal
t
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
trusted no one
t
• Identify cause and effect: What caused many in the Soviet Union to believe Stalin was a great leader? (He helped defeat Hitler in World War II and the helped the Soviet Union become one of the world’s leading industrial nations. page 22) • Identify cause and effect: What caused Stalin’s problems in school? (He resented authority. page 24)
t
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
thought his friends were threats t
• Identify facts and details: Stalin’s family lived in . . . (Georgia, in eastern Europe, page 23) • Identify characters: Who was Lenin? (the leader of the Bolsheviks, page 25)
joined Allied forces
Tips for Answering Text-Dependent Questions
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did she/he write the book?”
Navigators Grade 6 Set A Copyright © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo. ISBN: 978-1-4108-3078-4
• Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word dictator mean in this book? Let’s look for clues to the meaning of this word on page 2. (ruler who holds absolute power over a country; makes important decisions without the approval of other people; often feared and hated)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
Level X/60
• Identify facts and details: The dictator who ruled the Soviet Union was . . . (Joseph Stalin, page 3) • Identify facts and details: Who did Hitler try to blame for Germany’s troubles? (Jewish people, page 9)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension Cause: Germany lost World War I.
t
t
Effect: had to give up its weaponsand territory
Effect: had to pay $30 billion for damages
• Identify cause and effect: Why did Germany have to give up its weapons and territory and pay $30 billion after World War I? Use a cause-and-effect chart for help in answering the question. (Germany lost the war and had to pay for damages it had caused. page 8) • Identify cause and effect: Why did conditions worsen in Germany in 1929? (There was a worldwide economic depression and millions of German people lost their jobs. page 11)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
• Identify main idea: Paragraphs two and three on page 12 are mainly about . . . (Answer: Hitler’s abuse of the Jews; Clues/Evidence: He prevented Jews from taking certain jobs. He stripped them of their German citizenship and seized their businesses. He forced them to wear a yellow star and sent them to concentration camps, where up to 2000 people at a time were killed in gas chambers.) • Make inferences: What can you infer from the first paragraph on page 13? (Answer: Five million non-Jews were murdered during the Holocaust; Clues/Evidence: Hitler had more than 11 million people murdered in concentration camps. Six million of them were Jews.)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
• A nalyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to organize the information about Hitler’s life on page 6? (chronological order) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the photo of Hitler on page 7 to . . . (show him as an angry and evil man)
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
• Use description to determine word meaning: What do the words trade unions mean in this book? Let’s find clues to the meaning of these words on page 15. (Socialists started trade unions to get better pay and safe conditions for workers.)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
• Identify facts and details: In 1914, Mussolini started . . . (his own newspaper, page 17) • Identify facts and details: How did Mussolini die? (He was shot when caught trying to escape to Switzerland. page 21)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension cause:
Mussolini changed his views on war.
cause:
Mussolini encouraged Italy to join World War I.
• Identify cause and effect: Mussolini was thrown out of the Socialist Party because . . . Use a cause-and-effect chart for help in answering the question. (He changed his views on war and encouraged Italy to join World War I. page 17) • Identify sequence of events: After Mussolini conquered Ethiopia, he . . . (formed an alliance with Hitler, page 21)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension t
t
effect :
Mussolini was thrown out of the Socialist Party
• Make inferences: You can tell from page 18 that the Black Shirts were . . . (Answer: powerful; Clues/Evidence: They maintained law and order by violently attacking antifascist groups. They marched on Rome and forced the king to make Mussolini prime minister.) • Identify main idea: Page 19 is mainly about . . . (Answer: Mussolini’s policies; Clues/Evidence: He made all political parties, except his own, illegal. He put strict controls on businesses, schools, newspapers, and police. He had schoolbooks rewritten. His Black Shirts harassed and even killed those who disagreed with him. He set up a secret police force to spy on people who opposed him.) • Use graphic features to interpret information: You can tell from the time line that Mussolini was Italy’s dictator for . . . (Answer: 18 years; Clues/Evidence: He became dictator in 1925. He was forced from power and imprisoned in 1943. pages 20–21)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
• Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to organize the information in the first paragraph of Chapter 2? (compare and contrast) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author probably included the information about Mussolini’s boyhood on page 16 to . . . (show that he was an angry and violent person from youth)
Chapter 3 & Conclusion Vocabulary
• Use synonyms to determine word meaning: What does the word underground mean in this book? Let’s look for clues to the meaning of this word on page 24. (Stalin and other students joined an underground, or secret, political group.)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
• Analyze text structure and organization: The author uses a problem-solution structure to organize the first paragraph on page 27. Give an example. (Problem: The Soviet Union was far behind the United States and western Europe when it came to industry. Solution: Stalin started new industries, such as steel making.) • Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use to organize the Conclusion? (compare and contrast) • Evaluate author’s point of view: You can tell from this book that the author views dictators as . . . (evil)
joined t forces with switched Hitler sides
t
• Make inferences: Which sentence on page 27 shows how much the Soviet people feared Stalin? (Answer: The last sentence; Clues/Evidence: The sentence, “But no one dared to stop him,” shows that people were too afraid to oppose him. page 27) • Make inferences: Information on page 28 suggests that Stalin was . . . Use a semantic web for help in answering the question. (Answer: disloyal; Clues/Evidence: He trusted no one and even thought his friends might be threats. He had old friends killed or imprisoned. He joined forces with Hitler, then switched sides and joined the Allied forces during World War II.) • Identify main idea: Page 29 is mainly about . . . (Answer: The Cold War; Clues/Evidence: The Cold War was the period after World War II when the Soviets tried to control eastern European countries. The United States worked to block Stalin’s efforts. The period was one of tension between democratic and communist nations. The Cold War, fought with propaganda rather than troops and guns, lasted until the late 1980s.)
had old friends killed or imprisoned
Disloyal
t
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
trusted no one
t
• Identify cause and effect: What caused many in the Soviet Union to believe Stalin was a great leader? (He helped defeat Hitler in World War II and the helped the Soviet Union become one of the world’s leading industrial nations. page 22) • Identify cause and effect: What caused Stalin’s problems in school? (He resented authority. page 24)
t
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
thought his friends were threats t
• Identify facts and details: Stalin’s family lived in . . . (Georgia, in eastern Europe, page 23) • Identify characters: Who was Lenin? (the leader of the Bolsheviks, page 25)
joined Allied forces
Tips for Answering Text-Dependent Questions
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did she/he write the book?”
Navigators Grade 6 Set A Copyright © 2011 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo. ISBN: 978-1-4108-3078-4
