Towns of Clifton and Fine Consolidation Study
Towns of Clifton and Fine Consolidation Study Water, Sewer & Lighting 7/22/15
1 Visit the website: www.danc.org/operations/engineering/clifton-fine-efficiencyconsolidation-study
Water & Sewer Districts • Municipal consolidation doesn’t affect special benefit district boundaries, charges, etc. • Only customers within a water/sewer district pay for and receive service. • As part of the Efficiency/Consolidation Study we consider water/sewer operations to identify potential opportunities to improve efficiencies, delivery of services, etc. 2
Town Water Districts & Sewer Districts Town of Fine Water Districts
Town of Clifton Water Districts
Star Lake Water District
Newton Falls Water District
Wanakena Sewer District
Star Lake Water District (formerly Woodhaven Water District) Newton Falls Sewer District
Note: Wanakena Water is supplied by a private water company and not under the jurisdiction of the town; as such this Study will not impact the operation/delivery of services for this district.
3
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District System Overview System Elements
Description
Source Supply (PWS ID# NY4404398)
Star Lake – Surface Water Treatment Plant; Diatomaceous Earth Filtration and Sodium hypochlorite disinfection
Permitted Capacity (WSA 2132)
150,000 gallons per day
Installation Year
1951
Fire Protection?
Yes
Meters
Commercial customers only
Gallons & Type of Water Storage
200,000 gallons steel painted ground storage tank
Number of EDUs Served
466.9 debt EDUs, 398.2 O&M EDUs (existing); +24 debt EDUs & 19 O&M EDUs with Phase 1 capital project
Number of Fire Hydrants
46
Feet of Mainline Piping
35,000’ 4
Map of Fine Star Lake Water District
Not all water infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
5
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Financial Overview • On 2014 AUD Star Lake Water – Fund Balance $157,035
• 2015 Star Lake residential customer rates – Pay $350/year*; billed annually with option to pay full amount or $35/month from January to October – Pay ad valorem charge of $1.264/$1,000 of assessed value; billed in January with property taxes NOTE: * User cost increased to $250 in 2012.
6
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Revenue Description Real Property Taxes Other Payments in Lieu of Taxes Water Sales Interest & Earnings TOTAL
2014 AUD $42,061 $109 $129,085 $48 $171,303
7
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Expenses Description Water Administration & Operation - Salaries $55,363 - Equipment & Capital Outlay $169 - Contractual $91,157*
2014 AUD $146,689
Debt - EFC Principle Payment (30 year 0% financing, projected debt retired in 2045) Employee Benefits (for Water Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$0
$23,758
Repair Reserve
$0
Interfund Transfer for Highway Services (Collection System Issues)
$0
TOTAL
$170,447
NOTE: * Expenditures include $30,839 in engineering costs for PER and MPR which will be reimbursed to the Town from EFC by the project.
8
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue
Property Taxes 25%
Water Sales 75%
Expenses
Interest 0%
PILOTs 0%
Employee Benefits 14%
Salaries 32%
Contractual 54%
Equipment & Capital Outlay 0% 9
Town of Clifton: Woodhaven WD* System Overview System Elements
Description
Source Supply PWS ID# NY4405673
8” groundwater well, 40 GPM well pump
Permitted Capacity WSA 1664, 5673
Unknown
Installation Year
1945
Fire Protection?
No
Meters?
No customers are metered
Gallons & Type of Water Storage
No elevated storage; 3,000 gallon hydro pneumatic tank
Number of EDUs Served
32.5 debt EDUs & 30 O&M EDUs (existing); +30 debt EDUs & 25 O&M EDUs with Phase 1 project
Number of Fire Hydrants
0
Feet of Mainline Piping
1,800’
* Woodhaven Water District became Star Lake WD in 6/2015 as a result of district formation proceedings related to the impending Capital Improvement Project.
10
Map of Clifton Woodhaven Water District
Not all water infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
11
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls WD System Overview System Elements
Description
Source Supply
Oswegatchie River with Surface Water Treatment Plant with Filtration and Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfection
Permitted Capacity
95,000 gallons per day
Installation Year
1997
Fire Protection?
Yes
Meters?
No customers are metered
Gallons & Type of Water Storage
272,000 gallon painted steel ground water storage tank
Number of EDUs Served
125
Number of Fire Hydrants
16
Feet of Mainline Piping
12,000’ 12
Map of Clifton Newton Falls Water District
Not all water infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
13
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls & Woodhaven WDs Financial Overview • On 2014 AUD Woodhaven and Newton Falls Water are reported combined – Combined Fund Balance $77,471
• Newton Falls WD has no debt and Woodhaven owes the General Fund $2,500 • 2015 Customer Rates – Woodhaven customers pay $550/year; billed monthly from January to October – Newton Falls customers pay $519/year; billed monthly from January to October
• All revenue from customer billings 14
Town of Clifton: Woodhaven WD Expenses Description
2015 Budget*
Water Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable)
$1,500
Source of Supply (Power & Pumping) - Personal Services $1,365 - Contractual $2,600
$3,965
Purification - Contractual $700
$700
Transmission & Distribution - Contractual $300
$300
Employee Benefits (for Water Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$625
Repair Reserve Interfund Transfer for Highway Services TOTAL
$0 $3,060 $12,650
* 2015 Budget used since AUD included combined financials for Newton Falls and Woodhaven WDs.
15
Town of Clifton: Woodhaven WD Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue Customer Billings
Expenses Administration Salaries Contractual Employee Benefits Interfund Transfer to Highway Dept. 15%
100%
30% 13% 6% 36%
16
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls WD Expenses Description Water Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable) Source of Supply (Power & Pumping) - Personal Services $6,365 - Contractual $22,370
2015 Budget $2,500 $28,735
Purification - Contractual $7,000
$7,000
Transmission & Distribution - Contractual $5,000
$5,000
Employee Benefits (for Water Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$1,640
Repair Reserve
$10,000
Interfund Transfer for Highway Services
$10,000
TOTAL
$64,875 17
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls WD Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue Customer Billings
Expenses Administration Salaries Contracutal Employee Benefits Repair Reserve Interfund Transfer to Highway Dept. 4%
100%
10%
15% 15% 3%
53%
18
Clifton-Fine Water Improvement Project Phase 1 • Scope: – $7.408M total project cost – Replacement of Star Lake Surface Water Treatment Plant with groundwater supply – Replacement of Star Lake storage tank. – Decommissioning of Woodhaven system – Mainline piping improvements – Interconnection of 2 systems along RT3 and completion of loop around Star Lake
• Funding: $2M grant, $5.408M 0% 30 yr. loan • User cost will be $538/EDU • Schedule: Design 2015, Construction 2016-2017 19
Clifton-Fine Water Improvement Project Phase 2 • Newton Falls Interconnect – ~$3.3M (Costs/Scope still being fine-tuned) – Decommissioning of Newton Falls treatment plant and storage tank – Mainline piping improvements – Interconnection of Star Lake system to Newton Falls
• Funding: TBD • Schedule: Preliminary Engineering to be completed 7/2015 20
Town of Fine: Wanakena Sewer District System Overview System Elements
Description
Type of Wastewater Treatment Plant
2-4,000 gallon septic tanks & 2-6,600 sf. sand filter beds, UV disinfection
Permitted Capacity SPDES #NY0034533
0.050 MGD; excess capacity is available for additional development/connections
Installation Year
1999
Number of EDUs Served
43
Number & Type of Pump Stations
1
Feet of Collection Main
3,694’
Number of Manholes
26
21
Map of Wanakena Sewer District
Not all sewer infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
22
Town of Fine: Wanakena Sewer Financial Overview • Fund Balance 12/31/14: $76,581 • Customers are billed – $770 annually for residential (37 EDUs) – $1,300 annually for commercial (1 EDU) – $100 annually for vacant lots in district (5 EDUs)
23
Town of Fine: Wanakena Sewer Budgeted Expenses Description Sewer Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable)
2014 AUD $110
Sanitary Sewers - Salary $5,860 - Contractual $7,468
$13,328
Debt - Principal Payment 2014: $6,300 - Interest Payment 2014: $8,245 - Balance 2015: $186,700 - Expires: 2044
$14,245
Employee Benefits (for Sewer Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$2,199
Repair Reserve
$0
Interfund Transfer for Highway Services
$0
TOTAL
$29,882 24
Town of Fine: Wanakena SD Expenses & Revenue Charts Expenses
Revenue Sewer Rents
Interest & Penalties
Interest & Earnings
1.5%
0.37%
0.1%
7%
Administration
20%
Salaries Contracutal
48% 98.5%
25%
Debt
Employee Benefits
25
Town of Fine: Newton Falls Sewer District System Overview System Elements
Description
Type of Wastewater Treatment Plant
Rotating Biological Contactors (2)
Permitted Capacity SPDES #NY0270211
0.0366 MGD
Installation Year
2014
Number of EDUs Served
125.5
Number & Type of Pump Stations
1 Main Pump Station; 71 grinder pumps
Feet of Collection Main
TBD – Will be determined after as-built records are complete
Number of Manholes
26
Map of Newton Falls Sewer District
Note: New Sewer Construction drawn using preliminary construction prints. Not all sewer infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
27
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls Sewer Financial Overview • Fund Balance 12/31/14: $6,957 • Since facility went online in 2014, 1st full year of operation will occur in 2015, so 2015 budget is used for financial summary instead of 2014 actuals as reported in AUD • Customers are billed $577.41 in January on their Town taxes; parcels with homes in the district that aren’t connected are assessed a charge of 0.5 EDUs; vacant parcels at assessed 0.18 EDUs 28
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls Sewer Budgeted Expenses Description
2015 Budget
Sewer Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable)
$1,700
Sewage Collection System (contractual)
$1,000
Sewage Treatment & Disposal Wastewater Treatment Plant - Contractual (lab fees, etc. ) $3,000 - Contractual Operation (DANC) $21,100 - Contractual Electricity $15,778
$39,878
Debt - EFC Principle Payment (30 year 0% financing, projected debt retired in 2045)
$13,320
Employee Benefits (for Sewer Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
Repair Reserve Interfund Transfer for Highway Services (Collection System Issues) TOTAL
$422
$10,850 $3,000 $70,170 29
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls SD Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue
Administration
Expenses
Taxes
3%
1%
2%
24%
37% 28% 100%
Sewer Collection (Contractual) Sewage Treatment -Contr. Operator
Sewage Treatment Expenses (lab fees, etc.) Sewage Treatment Utilities Debt
5%
Employee Benefits
30
Clifton-Fine Lighting Areas Town
Area
Clifton
Cranberry Lake
Clifton
Newton Falls
Clifton
Star Lake/Benson Mines
Fine
Fine
Fine
Oswegatchie
Fine
Star Lake
Fine
Wanakena
Town
Paid for By
2014 Actual Expense
Fund Balance
Clifton
General Fund – Real Property Taxes from all Tax Payers in Town
$27,409
Part of General Fund; not separated
Fine
Special Assessment – Real Property Taxes from all Tax Payers in Town
$29,956
$464
31
Operations System
Operator
NYS Operator License Required
Clifton – Newton Falls Water
DANC contract starting in 2015
Grade IIA*
Clifton – Newton Falls Sewer
DANC contract starting in 2014
Grade 1
Clifton – Star Lake Water DANC contract starting in (formerly Woodhaven) 2014
Grade C
Fine – Star Lake Water
Town employees
Grade IIA*
Fine – Wanakena Water
Private System – not Town owned
Grade C
Fine – Wanakena Sewer
Town employee; plans to retire in upcoming 1-2 years; no backup
Grade 1
NOTE: * NYSDOH also requires IIA Assistant Operator.
32
1 Visit the website: www.danc.org/operations/engineering/clifton-fine-efficiencyconsolidation-study
Water & Sewer Districts • Municipal consolidation doesn’t affect special benefit district boundaries, charges, etc. • Only customers within a water/sewer district pay for and receive service. • As part of the Efficiency/Consolidation Study we consider water/sewer operations to identify potential opportunities to improve efficiencies, delivery of services, etc. 2
Town Water Districts & Sewer Districts Town of Fine Water Districts
Town of Clifton Water Districts
Star Lake Water District
Newton Falls Water District
Wanakena Sewer District
Star Lake Water District (formerly Woodhaven Water District) Newton Falls Sewer District
Note: Wanakena Water is supplied by a private water company and not under the jurisdiction of the town; as such this Study will not impact the operation/delivery of services for this district.
3
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District System Overview System Elements
Description
Source Supply (PWS ID# NY4404398)
Star Lake – Surface Water Treatment Plant; Diatomaceous Earth Filtration and Sodium hypochlorite disinfection
Permitted Capacity (WSA 2132)
150,000 gallons per day
Installation Year
1951
Fire Protection?
Yes
Meters
Commercial customers only
Gallons & Type of Water Storage
200,000 gallons steel painted ground storage tank
Number of EDUs Served
466.9 debt EDUs, 398.2 O&M EDUs (existing); +24 debt EDUs & 19 O&M EDUs with Phase 1 capital project
Number of Fire Hydrants
46
Feet of Mainline Piping
35,000’ 4
Map of Fine Star Lake Water District
Not all water infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
5
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Financial Overview • On 2014 AUD Star Lake Water – Fund Balance $157,035
• 2015 Star Lake residential customer rates – Pay $350/year*; billed annually with option to pay full amount or $35/month from January to October – Pay ad valorem charge of $1.264/$1,000 of assessed value; billed in January with property taxes NOTE: * User cost increased to $250 in 2012.
6
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Revenue Description Real Property Taxes Other Payments in Lieu of Taxes Water Sales Interest & Earnings TOTAL
2014 AUD $42,061 $109 $129,085 $48 $171,303
7
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Expenses Description Water Administration & Operation - Salaries $55,363 - Equipment & Capital Outlay $169 - Contractual $91,157*
2014 AUD $146,689
Debt - EFC Principle Payment (30 year 0% financing, projected debt retired in 2045) Employee Benefits (for Water Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$0
$23,758
Repair Reserve
$0
Interfund Transfer for Highway Services (Collection System Issues)
$0
TOTAL
$170,447
NOTE: * Expenditures include $30,839 in engineering costs for PER and MPR which will be reimbursed to the Town from EFC by the project.
8
Town of Fine: Star Lake Water District Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue
Property Taxes 25%
Water Sales 75%
Expenses
Interest 0%
PILOTs 0%
Employee Benefits 14%
Salaries 32%
Contractual 54%
Equipment & Capital Outlay 0% 9
Town of Clifton: Woodhaven WD* System Overview System Elements
Description
Source Supply PWS ID# NY4405673
8” groundwater well, 40 GPM well pump
Permitted Capacity WSA 1664, 5673
Unknown
Installation Year
1945
Fire Protection?
No
Meters?
No customers are metered
Gallons & Type of Water Storage
No elevated storage; 3,000 gallon hydro pneumatic tank
Number of EDUs Served
32.5 debt EDUs & 30 O&M EDUs (existing); +30 debt EDUs & 25 O&M EDUs with Phase 1 project
Number of Fire Hydrants
0
Feet of Mainline Piping
1,800’
* Woodhaven Water District became Star Lake WD in 6/2015 as a result of district formation proceedings related to the impending Capital Improvement Project.
10
Map of Clifton Woodhaven Water District
Not all water infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
11
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls WD System Overview System Elements
Description
Source Supply
Oswegatchie River with Surface Water Treatment Plant with Filtration and Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfection
Permitted Capacity
95,000 gallons per day
Installation Year
1997
Fire Protection?
Yes
Meters?
No customers are metered
Gallons & Type of Water Storage
272,000 gallon painted steel ground water storage tank
Number of EDUs Served
125
Number of Fire Hydrants
16
Feet of Mainline Piping
12,000’ 12
Map of Clifton Newton Falls Water District
Not all water infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
13
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls & Woodhaven WDs Financial Overview • On 2014 AUD Woodhaven and Newton Falls Water are reported combined – Combined Fund Balance $77,471
• Newton Falls WD has no debt and Woodhaven owes the General Fund $2,500 • 2015 Customer Rates – Woodhaven customers pay $550/year; billed monthly from January to October – Newton Falls customers pay $519/year; billed monthly from January to October
• All revenue from customer billings 14
Town of Clifton: Woodhaven WD Expenses Description
2015 Budget*
Water Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable)
$1,500
Source of Supply (Power & Pumping) - Personal Services $1,365 - Contractual $2,600
$3,965
Purification - Contractual $700
$700
Transmission & Distribution - Contractual $300
$300
Employee Benefits (for Water Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$625
Repair Reserve Interfund Transfer for Highway Services TOTAL
$0 $3,060 $12,650
* 2015 Budget used since AUD included combined financials for Newton Falls and Woodhaven WDs.
15
Town of Clifton: Woodhaven WD Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue Customer Billings
Expenses Administration Salaries Contractual Employee Benefits Interfund Transfer to Highway Dept. 15%
100%
30% 13% 6% 36%
16
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls WD Expenses Description Water Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable) Source of Supply (Power & Pumping) - Personal Services $6,365 - Contractual $22,370
2015 Budget $2,500 $28,735
Purification - Contractual $7,000
$7,000
Transmission & Distribution - Contractual $5,000
$5,000
Employee Benefits (for Water Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$1,640
Repair Reserve
$10,000
Interfund Transfer for Highway Services
$10,000
TOTAL
$64,875 17
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls WD Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue Customer Billings
Expenses Administration Salaries Contracutal Employee Benefits Repair Reserve Interfund Transfer to Highway Dept. 4%
100%
10%
15% 15% 3%
53%
18
Clifton-Fine Water Improvement Project Phase 1 • Scope: – $7.408M total project cost – Replacement of Star Lake Surface Water Treatment Plant with groundwater supply – Replacement of Star Lake storage tank. – Decommissioning of Woodhaven system – Mainline piping improvements – Interconnection of 2 systems along RT3 and completion of loop around Star Lake
• Funding: $2M grant, $5.408M 0% 30 yr. loan • User cost will be $538/EDU • Schedule: Design 2015, Construction 2016-2017 19
Clifton-Fine Water Improvement Project Phase 2 • Newton Falls Interconnect – ~$3.3M (Costs/Scope still being fine-tuned) – Decommissioning of Newton Falls treatment plant and storage tank – Mainline piping improvements – Interconnection of Star Lake system to Newton Falls
• Funding: TBD • Schedule: Preliminary Engineering to be completed 7/2015 20
Town of Fine: Wanakena Sewer District System Overview System Elements
Description
Type of Wastewater Treatment Plant
2-4,000 gallon septic tanks & 2-6,600 sf. sand filter beds, UV disinfection
Permitted Capacity SPDES #NY0034533
0.050 MGD; excess capacity is available for additional development/connections
Installation Year
1999
Number of EDUs Served
43
Number & Type of Pump Stations
1
Feet of Collection Main
3,694’
Number of Manholes
26
21
Map of Wanakena Sewer District
Not all sewer infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
22
Town of Fine: Wanakena Sewer Financial Overview • Fund Balance 12/31/14: $76,581 • Customers are billed – $770 annually for residential (37 EDUs) – $1,300 annually for commercial (1 EDU) – $100 annually for vacant lots in district (5 EDUs)
23
Town of Fine: Wanakena Sewer Budgeted Expenses Description Sewer Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable)
2014 AUD $110
Sanitary Sewers - Salary $5,860 - Contractual $7,468
$13,328
Debt - Principal Payment 2014: $6,300 - Interest Payment 2014: $8,245 - Balance 2015: $186,700 - Expires: 2044
$14,245
Employee Benefits (for Sewer Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
$2,199
Repair Reserve
$0
Interfund Transfer for Highway Services
$0
TOTAL
$29,882 24
Town of Fine: Wanakena SD Expenses & Revenue Charts Expenses
Revenue Sewer Rents
Interest & Penalties
Interest & Earnings
1.5%
0.37%
0.1%
7%
Administration
20%
Salaries Contracutal
48% 98.5%
25%
Debt
Employee Benefits
25
Town of Fine: Newton Falls Sewer District System Overview System Elements
Description
Type of Wastewater Treatment Plant
Rotating Biological Contactors (2)
Permitted Capacity SPDES #NY0270211
0.0366 MGD
Installation Year
2014
Number of EDUs Served
125.5
Number & Type of Pump Stations
1 Main Pump Station; 71 grinder pumps
Feet of Collection Main
TBD – Will be determined after as-built records are complete
Number of Manholes
26
Map of Newton Falls Sewer District
Note: New Sewer Construction drawn using preliminary construction prints. Not all sewer infrastructure is shown due to map scale.
27
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls Sewer Financial Overview • Fund Balance 12/31/14: $6,957 • Since facility went online in 2014, 1st full year of operation will occur in 2015, so 2015 budget is used for financial summary instead of 2014 actuals as reported in AUD • Customers are billed $577.41 in January on their Town taxes; parcels with homes in the district that aren’t connected are assessed a charge of 0.5 EDUs; vacant parcels at assessed 0.18 EDUs 28
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls Sewer Budgeted Expenses Description
2015 Budget
Sewer Administration (billing, accountants receivable and payable)
$1,700
Sewage Collection System (contractual)
$1,000
Sewage Treatment & Disposal Wastewater Treatment Plant - Contractual (lab fees, etc. ) $3,000 - Contractual Operation (DANC) $21,100 - Contractual Electricity $15,778
$39,878
Debt - EFC Principle Payment (30 year 0% financing, projected debt retired in 2045)
$13,320
Employee Benefits (for Sewer Admin) - State Retirement, Social Security, Medicare
Repair Reserve Interfund Transfer for Highway Services (Collection System Issues) TOTAL
$422
$10,850 $3,000 $70,170 29
Town of Clifton: Newton Falls SD Expenses & Revenue Charts Revenue
Administration
Expenses
Taxes
3%
1%
2%
24%
37% 28% 100%
Sewer Collection (Contractual) Sewage Treatment -Contr. Operator
Sewage Treatment Expenses (lab fees, etc.) Sewage Treatment Utilities Debt
5%
Employee Benefits
30
Clifton-Fine Lighting Areas Town
Area
Clifton
Cranberry Lake
Clifton
Newton Falls
Clifton
Star Lake/Benson Mines
Fine
Fine
Fine
Oswegatchie
Fine
Star Lake
Fine
Wanakena
Town
Paid for By
2014 Actual Expense
Fund Balance
Clifton
General Fund – Real Property Taxes from all Tax Payers in Town
$27,409
Part of General Fund; not separated
Fine
Special Assessment – Real Property Taxes from all Tax Payers in Town
$29,956
$464
31
Operations System
Operator
NYS Operator License Required
Clifton – Newton Falls Water
DANC contract starting in 2015
Grade IIA*
Clifton – Newton Falls Sewer
DANC contract starting in 2014
Grade 1
Clifton – Star Lake Water DANC contract starting in (formerly Woodhaven) 2014
Grade C
Fine – Star Lake Water
Town employees
Grade IIA*
Fine – Wanakena Water
Private System – not Town owned
Grade C
Fine – Wanakena Sewer
Town employee; plans to retire in upcoming 1-2 years; no backup
Grade 1
NOTE: * NYSDOH also requires IIA Assistant Operator.
32
