Travel Time Travel Time
T rav el Tim e Vocabulary 1 BEFORE YOU READ A
What do the words in colour mean? 1. Is an observation deck a place from which you can see or visit interesting sights? 2. Does a double-decker boat have seats on one or two levels? 3. Is a fast food outlet a shop or a factory where you can buy a quick meal? 4. Are places that are wheelchair accessible places where people in wheelchairs can or cannot go? 5. If you descend in the elevator, do you go up or down?
B
Going to a fun park? Match the sentences to their meanings. 1. Prices are valid until the end of August.
8 a. The hotel has a free bus service.
2. You’ll get a discount if you book now.
4 b. There aren’t many to choose from.
3. We were lucky to be given complimentary tickets for the show. 4. The hotel is almost full – there are very few rooms still available. 5. She has a free pass to spend the whole weekend at the fun park. 6. You can make reservations online. 7. Admission to the park is free for children. 8. You don’t have to pay for transportation from the airport to the fun park hotel.
C
1 c. They will not change until this date. 5 d. This ticket allows her to spend two days there. 7 e. Children don’t have to pay to get into the park. 3 f.
Fortunately we didn’t pay for the tickets.
6 g. You can book on the Internet. 2 h. Tickets are cheaper if you book now.
Circle the correct answer. 1. A stretch of land or water is a a. number of small areas of land or water. b. continuous area of land or water.
5. If you hear the thunder of water, the sound is a. loud. b soft.
2. A tunnel might take you a. over a river. b. through a mountain.
6. If you are at the foot of a mountain, you’re at the a. top. b. bottom.
3. If you wander around, you a. head for a special place. b. go nowhere special.
7. A breathtaking view is a. terrible. b. amazing.
4. There’s a lot of mist in the air today so the view of the mountain a. will be clear. b. won’t be clear.
8. Someone who is physically challenged has to deal with the difficulties of a. getting around. b. understanding explanations.
77
Read the four texts related to Niagara Falls on pages 78-79. Then answer questions 1-10 below.
A
C
Tip
Reading
NIAGARA FALLS A
D
V
E
N
T
U
R
Travel Magazine 23
Each of the four texts below has questions that relate to it. Answer these questions before you go on to the next text. The last questions relate to two or more texts.
B
FUN
E
TOURS
1 This pass allows you to enter four of the most exciting tourist attractions at the Falls and also includes all-day transportation.* Attractions are not open all year round so there are different 2 passes for summer and winter. The Summer Pass includes admission to: • Maid of the Mist • Journey Behind the Falls • White Water Walk • Niagara’s Fury
* Valid on the People Mover Bus for two days from the date of first use. PASSHOLDERS ALSO RECEIVE A DISCOUNT AT THE BUTTERFLY CONSERVATORY AND THE WHIRLPOOL AERO CAR.
WWW.NIAGARAFALLSONTARIO.COM
To: Mr Davidson From: Fun Tours Subject: Tour reservation
5
Date of Tour: May 18-19 Lodging: 1 double room Total Cost: $224 (includes Niagara Falls & Great Gorge Adventure Pass) Payment Received: $100 – To be paid: $124
3 Thank you for booking Tour 34A (2 days to Niagara Falls). Full payment must be made at least two weeks prior to departure. On receipt of payment we will send you your tickets. In answer to your question, most attractions at Niagara Falls are suitable for both people who are physically challenged and children in strollers. A limited number of wheelchairaccessible rooms are available at the hotel, so please contact me immediately if you require one. Linda Reilly Travel Consultant, Fun Tours
4
6
We started our trip to Niagara Falls by getting really close to the waterfall on Journey Behind the Falls – you descend 45 metres below ground by elevator to tunnels that lead to observation decks. The force of the water and the thunder of the Falls is just incredible! Apparently, itʼs even more spectacular in the winter when the mist freezes, so itʼs really worth visiting then. In the afternoon, we headed four kilometres north to White Water Walk for a stroll alongside one of the worldʼs wildest stretches of whitewater. It was a sensational experience. On our second day, we took a boat ride on the Maid of the Mist, just as millions of tourists have done since it was established in 1846. As the double-decker boat made its way to the foot of the Falls, we realised why everyone is given a complimentary waterproof poncho – you get soaked from the spray. We felt a bit cheated that the trip lasted only 20 minutes, but the views were breathtaking.
stunt 17 times with different 7 variations. On one occasion, he carried his manager on his back, and on another, he sat down midway to cook and eat an omelette. He even did it once blindfolded. Another common stunt was riding over the waterfall in a barrel. One unlucky woman 8 who attempted this with her dog suffocated because her dog’s nose was caught in the barrel’s only air supply.
When you visit Niagara, be sure to go to the Daredevil Gallery at the IMAX Theatre. Over the years, daredevils have risked their lives performing 10 stunts at Niagara Falls in the hope of achieving fame and fortune. One of the best known of these adventurers was Charles Blondin. Blondin was born in France in 1824. He started his training as an acrobat at the age of five. In 1859, he became famous 7 as the first person to walk across the Falls on a tightrope. It took him 20 minutes to reach the other side, carrying a nine-metre-long pole to help him balance. Over the next 7 two years, he performed this
Tina’s Blog
PA S S
VISIT ONE OF THE MOST SPECTACULAR WATERFALLS IN THE WORLD AND SAVE MONEY WITH THE NIAGARA FALLS AND GREAT GORGE ADVENTURE PASS!
D
10
After wandering around the Maid of the Mist Plaza and getting a bite to eat at the fast-food outlet, we set off to the IMAX movie theatre. Considering the ticket price, the film was a big disappointment, but we were fascinated by the exhibit there called Niagara Daredevils – itʼs about some adventurous people who did crazy things like making dives into the Falls, crossing the Falls on a tightrope or going over the Falls in a barrel!
Blondin crossing the Falls
CONNECT to LANGUAGE British and American English
Sometimes different words are used for the same item in British and American English. For example: elevator (AmE) = lift (BrE) stroller (AmE) = pushchair (BrE)
Vocabulary 2 AFTER YOU READ
Questions 1-2 refer to text A. 1. What is the purpose of this text? a. to attract people to the town of Niagara Falls b. to advertise a special pass c. to give opening times of various attractions d. to help people decide which attraction to visit 2. What can passholders not do? a. visit attractions at Great Gorge b. use the bus for two days in a row c. pay less on the Whirlpool Aero Car d. use the same pass all year round Question 3 refers to text B. 3. What is the main purpose of text B? a. to confirm receipt of payment b. to invite someone to join a tour c. to ask someone to complete a booking d. to advertise a tour 78 UNIT 7
Questions 4-6 refer to text C. 4. What did Tina find disappointing? a. She got wet and had to wear a raincoat. b. The views are not very good. c. The boat ride was not long enough. d. The boat ride was like being on a bus. 5. What is true about visiting the Falls in winter? a. Most of the attractions are closed. b. There are no indoor attractions. c. It can look impressive. d. It is more dangerous. 6. What is true about the movie theatre? a. You can learn about the Niagara Daredevils there. b. It’s located in the Maid of the Mist plaza. c. Films shown there are disppointing. d. It has a fast-food outlet inside.
Questions 7-8 refer to text D. 7. What did Blondin’s crossings all have in common? a. They were all done on a tightrope. b. They took 20 minutes each. c. He did them at the request of his manager. d. They were performed over one week. 8. In the second sentence of the last paragraph, what does this refer to? a. cooking an omelette b. walking a tightrope c. going over the Falls in a barrel d. risking her life
A
Questions 9-10 refer to two or more texts. 9. What would Mr Davidson have to pay extra for B during his tour? See Teacher’s Guide for justification. a. a ticket for the film at the IMAX theatre b. protective clothing for the boat trip c. admission to Journey Behind the Falls d. travelling on the People Mover Bus 10. Which sections include information about the history of Niagara Falls? a. A and B c. A and D b. B and C d. C and D
Complete the sentences with words from the text. 1. The pass lets you enter four tourist a ttraction
. (Text A)
2. The attractions in the area are open all year r ound 3. The tunnels l ead 4. The f orce
. (Text A)
to two observation points. (Text C) of the water is unforgettable. (Text C)
5. The Maid of the Mist boat ride was e stablished (Text C)
in 1846.
6. As the boat made its wet. (Text C)
way
to the Falls, everyone got
7. We got a b ite (Text C)
to eat at one of the restaurants.
Choose the correct answer. 1. The man made a spectacular fall / dive into the river. 2. If we don’t have enough air, there is a danger we might suffocate / freeze. 3. The tourists balance / wander around enjoying the scenery. 4. The elevator / reservation took us to our room on the fifth floor. 5. An experience that is exciting and amazing is sensational / complimentary. UNIT 7 79
H C
Complete the text using the words below.
reservations force prior breathtaking
Write the word that can be used with each group of words below.
trip
holiday
available admission limited reached
1. boat day coach business
WALKING ON AIR … WELL, ALMOST!
The Grand Canyon in the USA has always offered visitors (1) breathtaking views. Now a totally available for different experience is (2) people who have a head for heights! The Skywalk, an amazing glass walkway in the shape of a horseshoe, is a great attraction. Although the walkway is made of glass, it can stand up to the force (3) of very strong winds and even earthquakes! The number of people allowed on the limited walkway at the same time is (4) to reached 120. The Skywalk can only be (5) once you enter the national park, so visitors have to pay $25 to go on the Skywalk as well as (6) admission to the park. In order to avoid a long wait, (7) reservations can be made prior (8) to the date of one’s arrival.
I
resort
}
tour 2. coach guided package sightseeing
}
trip
tour
WORD BUILDING Complete the chart. Then complete the sentences using words from the chart. Make any necessary changes. verb
establish
noun establishment
observe
observation
reserve
reservation
admit
admission
observes 1. Louise miss anything. 2.
G
COMPOUND NOUNS
1
Compound nouns are formed by joining two words to make a new word, for example, waterproof, credit card, baby-sitter. Match the words below to form compound nouns. 1. ticket 2. road 3. mineral 4. sea 5. guest
Admission to the museum is free for children under the age of 12.
4. The United Nations was
6. wheel 7. water
2
established in 1945.
Circle the correct word. 1. When a plane leaves, does it land or take off? 2. When a flight is late, is there a delay or a departure? 3. When you hurry to get on a train, do you want to miss it or catch it? 4. When a friend comes to your house to give you a lift, does he pick you up or drop you off? 5. When you get near a traffic light, should you speed up or slow down?
PRACTISE NEW WORDS Write sentences with the words you did not circle in Exercise E.
See Teacher’s Guide for possible answers.
every detail. She doesn’t
3. We made reservations for the hotel on the Internet.
E
F
3
5 2 4 3 1 7 6
a. house guesthouse b. sign road sign c. side seaside d. water mineral water e. office ticket office f. fall waterfall g. chair wheelchair
Tick (✓) the compound nouns in Exercise 1 which are written as one word.
seaside, guesthouse, wheelchair, waterfall
Complete the sentences using compound nouns in Exercise 1. 1. We love going to the summer.
seaside
2. Let’s look at the next road sign where to turn off the highway.
in to see
3. Marion went to the ticket office early to book for the concert. 4. Many people prefer the taste of mineral water to tap water. 5. They spent the night at a guesthouse .
}
resort
4. summer package beach adventure
}
holiday
PHRASES WITH PREPOSITIONS Complete the sentences using the correct preposition. There is one preposition that may be used twice.
with
of
for
by
on
about for
1. This trip is suitable can’t walk very far.
people who
for a discount? with the camera I bought. about Jake. He’s really nice.
2. Are students eligible 3. I’m not satisfied 4. I was wrong
on
5. I’m sorry. I didn’t park in your place purpose.
6. At the end of the trial, he was found guilty of theft. 7. Amy learns everything
by
heart.
Grammar GERUNDS, INFINITIVES, let and make Read the uses of gerunds and infinitives and complete the sentences.
D
3. popular tourist seaside holiday
A
buying 1. Do you recommend the Niagara Falls Adventure Pass?
Gerunds subject of a sentence Visiting (visit) Niagara Falls is an exciting experience. after prepositions Visitors can save money by special passes.
buying
to tell 3. Did you have a chance (tell) Mark about the change in plans?
(buy)
4. I’m not very happy about (travel) alone.
remembering (remember) that 6. It’s worth hotels are often fully booked in summer.
after certain verbs or verb + object to travel (travel) overseas this She can’t afford year.
after certain adjectives to We were pleased the tunnel.
get
after the first / second / next / last to Blondin was the first person the falls on a tightrope.
cross
7. When do you expect your exam results?
(enter)
(get) to the end of
travelling
not to accept
5. I think Sally was right (not accept) the job.
Infinitives
to enter
(buy)
to take 2. Our parents promised (take) us abroad next year.
after certain verbs or expressions walking You can enjoy (walk) around the area.
The special pass allows you several attractions.
Complete the sentences. Use the gerund, infinitive or the bare infinitive.
8. Tim persuaded me after) his dog.
B
to get to look after
(get) (look
Circle the correct words. 1. On the way she stopped buying / to buy coffee.
(cross)
Let and make are followed by an object + bare infinitive (without to). take Some places don’t let you (take) your camera with you. They make tourists leave (leave) their cameras behind.
2. Make sure you remember locking / to lock the door when you leave. 3. I regret shouting / to shout at him. 4. I’ll never forget visiting / to visit my brother when he was in Spain. We had so much fun!
Note: Verbs like forget, remember, stop and regret can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but with a change in meaning. Paul has lost weight since he stopped eating chocolate. Bob stopped to eat lunch at a fast food restaurant.
See the Grammar Appendix, page 172. 80 UNIT 7
UNIT 7 81
THE CAUSATIVE
B
Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the blank in the same line.
When we arrange for someone else to do something for us, we use the causative. have / get + object + past participle have my picture taken I’m going to (have / my picture / take) for my new passport tomorrow. You must get your passport stamped (get / your passport / stamp) when you enter the country. have + agent + bare infinitive will have Rob meet I
(have / Rob / meet) you at the airport tomorrow evening.
get + object + infinitive We didn’t get lost because wegot the taxi driver to drop us off (get / the taxi driver / drop us off ) .
See the Grammar Appendix, page 173. Complete the sentences using the causative.
THE COLOSSEUM
has her hair done (have / her hair / do) every week. got your bike fixed (get / your bike / fix) yet? 3. I insisted on having the editor print (have / the editor / print) an apology in the newspaper. 4. Susan had her house decorated (have / her house / decorate) last summer. She isn’t having it painted (not have / it / paint) this year. got / have got the manager to give
1. Mum
2. Have you
5. We
(get / the manager / give) us complimentary tickets.
6. Did you have the gardener plant (have / the gardener / plant) these flowers? 7. My tooth hurts. I must get the dentist to check (get / the dentist / check) it. 8. The car is really clean. We have just had it washed (just have / it / wash).
B2 Exam Practice A
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. VOCABULARY GRAMMAR 1. “Where is everyone?” “There was a power cut, so they all a. stopped to work b. stopping work c. stop work d. stopped working 2. We’re looking forward a. see b. to see c. seeing d. to seeing
.”
you soon.
3. I got Dad with my homework. a. help me b. to help me c. helping me d. helped me 4. “Sarah looks different today. Why is that?” .” “She a. got to cut her hair b. had her hair cut c. made her hair cut d. got her hair to cut you? 5. Did she really a. pretend not to see b. pretended to not see c. pretended not seeing d. pretended not see 82 UNIT 7
Many of the Roman Empire’s most (4) spectacular games and forms of entertainment were suitable held at the Colosseum, which was (5) because it could hold up to 50,000 spectators. There were many entrances and exits so seating was easily (6) accessible . The engineering amazing behind the arena was also really (7) : the building was equipped with elevators and quickly tunnels which took the performers (8) to the arena.
SPECTACLE SUIT ACCESS AMAZE QUICK
Today the Colosseum is a great (9) attraction for tourists. Thousands visit there every year. There is an (10) admission charge, but EU citizens under the age of 18 and over the age of 65 do not have to pay.
ATTRACT ADMIT
for the show?
7. Be careful. From here the road a. observes b. establishes c. departs d. descends 8. All hotel guests were given a they arrived. a. limited b. valid c. complimentary d. donated
10. It is impossible to a. wander b. reach c. arrive d. lead
SENSATION CHOOSE FAME
CONNECT to the WORLD
6. Are there any tickets a. available b. accessible c. remarkable d. suitable
9. Let’s make our a. way b. attempt c. stage d. point
The (1) sensational seven wonders of the ancient world were chosen in 200 BC by a Greek writer called Philon. In 2001, a project was introduced to get people around the world involved in choosing (2) seven new wonders of the world. It was not surprising that the Colosseum in famous Rome was chosen as one of them, as it is one of the most (3) buildings in the world.
suddenly.
The seven new wonders of the world are the Colosseum, the Taj Mahal (India), Petra (Jordan), Machu Picchu (Peru), the Great Wall of China, Chichenitza (Mexico) and the Christ Redeemer Statue (Brazil).
C
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. Let’s have a snack here. BITE Let’s
basket of fruit when
back to the tour bus. It leaves soon.
have a bite to eat
here.
2. I’m willing to fetch Dan from the airport. MIND I
don’t mind picking
up Dan from the airport.
3. The plane left late, but made up the time and arrived on schedule. TAKING After
taking off
late, the plane made up the time and arrived on schedule.
4. I can’t wait to see my cousins. FORWARD I
am looking forward to seeing
my cousins.
5. That hairdresser cuts my hair. HAVE I
have my hair cut
by that hairdresser.
6. Joe remembered to book a table at the restaurant. FORGET the top of the mountain by car.
Joe
did not (didn’t) forget to make
reservations at the restaurant.
7. We are now heading towards the old city. WAY We are now
making our way towards / on our way to
the old city.
8. Sam got the author to sign his book. HAD Sam
had his book signed by
the author.
UNIT 7 83
A
A
What things would you enjoy about a camping holiday? What would you enjoy about a holiday at a luxury hotel? Talk to your partner about the advantages of each kind of holiday. You can discuss: See Teacher’s
Speaking Guide
• the sleeping conditions
matches
• the food
insect repellent
YOUR TASK Look at the pictures below and do the task with a partner. Use the Speaking Guide to help you. See Teacher’s Guide for
model speaking.
You and your partner are going on a camping holiday and you have to decide what to take with you. Look at the pictures below and talk about how important each item is. Then decide which two items are the most important to take with you. • How important is each item for camping? • Which two items are the most important to take with you?
In 1911 an
tourists
10
3. You will hear a woman telling her husband about a scarf she bought him. Why is the man annoyed? A He thinks it was too expensive. B He doesn’t need it. C He doesn’t like the colours. 4. You hear two students talking about an exam they have just taken. What does the girl say about it? A She found it easier than the previous exam. B She wasn’t well enough prepared. C She has a chance of passing it. 84 UNIT 7
l
What I mean is
Which of the facts about Machu Picchu did you already know / had you guessed correctly?
What I’m trying to say is
5. You hear a man talking about an accident he saw. How did he feel at the end? A Upset by the state of the car. B Shocked by the seriousness of the accident. C Glad that the drivers weren’t hurt. 6. You hear a man and a woman talking about their jobs. What is the man’s main problem? A The canteen food should be improved. B His salary is very low. C There is far too much work. 7. You hear a man and his daughter talking about her ballet lessons. How does the girl feel about them? A They are boring. B They are too tiring. C They are too formal.
SKILLS
Asking for clarification Do you mean ? Are you saying that ?
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1. You overhear two people talking about a concert they attended. What upset the woman most? A Their seats were too far from the stage. B Someone in the audience made too much noise. C She missed her gym class. 2. You hear someone talking about his career. Who influenced him the most in his choice of career? A his grandmother B his sister C his teacher
l
Clarifying
CONNECT to YOUR WORLD
9 explorer found the lost city.
An illegal bridge was recently built to bring to Machu Picchu more quickly.
B
Useful Expressions
8 killed the people of Machu Picchu.
disease American
suitable / unsuitable
7 years after it was built.
a hundred
SKILLS
It is believed that a
necessary / unnecessary
l
There were no people in the city only
be essential / useful
6 between the stones.
knife
cut food / a rope
C
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Ask and answer the questions below with a partner. 1. Where would you like to go camping? Why?
SKILLS
The walls are built so well that it is impossible to fit a
keep insects away
in an emergency
5 in the city.
streets
light a fire
l
It was surprising to the reporter that there are no
in case you lose your way
become ill
4 were amazing.
The reporter had heard the views of the mountains and jungles
put up a tent
get injured
3 high up in the Andes Mountains.
South America
first-aid kit
2. Do you think that camping helps people appreciate the environment more? Why?
SKILLS
The city of Machu Picchu is in
map
have an accident
2 of the Incas.”
Lost City
mobile phone
3. Which kind of hotel would you prefer – a big, modern hotel with lots of facilities, or a small, family-run hotel? Why? 4. Have you ever been on holiday at a place you would like to go back to? Where did you go? What was it like? Why would you like to go there again?
l
People often call Machu Picchu “the
1
1983
knife
5. Who do you enjoy going on holiday with? Why?
SKILLS
Machu Picchu was named a World Heritage Site in
SKILLS
torch
• what you can see and do
B
Topic Vocabulary
l
Guide for possible answers.
l
You will hear a radio report about a visit to Machu Picchu. Look at the picture of Machu Picchu. What do you know about it? Tell your partner and together try to guess the answers to the questions below. Then listen to the radio report. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences.
SKILLS
Speaking REACHING A DECISION
SKILLS
Listening
8. You hear a woman talking to a friend on the phone. What is she worried about? A cancelling her holiday B her visitor’s accommodation C the expense of a hotel UNIT 7 85
SENTENCE PATTERNS Write sentences using the prompts given in A and B below. It would be ... if ... A
B
3. Organise your ideas Follow the plan.
1. much better / me you / postpone the trip It would be much better for me if you postponed the trip.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you, so please write soon! Alex
2. more convenient / me
I / come later
It would be more convenient for me if I came later. we / study together It would be better for me if we studied together. 4. more helpful / me you / write down the directions It would be more helpful for me if you wrote down the directions. 5. more fun / us we /go on a camping trip It would be more fun for us if we went on a camping trip. 3. better / me
ANALYSE THE TASK See Teacher’s Guide for answers.
2
1. Who has written to you? 2. Why has he written the letter?
2. What explanation will you give as to why you can’t go on 7th August? When could you go instead?
3. What four points must you cover in your letter? 4. Will you use formal or informal language?
B
See Teacher’s Guide for
BRAINSTORM IDEAS possible answers.
1. What reasons can you give for choosing a holiday at the coast?
3. What suggestions do you have for celebrating Bill’s birthday?
Read the model letter. Then find the informal phrases used in the model and tick (✓) them in the Writing Guide.
Thanks for your letter. I’d love to join all of you on holiday! I can hardly wait! You asked if I’d prefer the mountains or the coast. Personally, I’d much rather go to the coast because we can go swimming or maybe take a boat trip.
I had no idea it was Bill’s birthday. What a great idea to celebrate it while we are away! What about going out for a meal at a seafood restaurant? Bill loves fish. Or we could prepare a surprise picnic somewhere. I know we’re going to have lots of fun! I’m dying to see you all. Let me know what you decide! Yours, Paul 86 UNIT 7
YOUR TASK Read the task below. Then write your letter in 120-150 words. Use the Writing Guide to help you. See Teacher’s Guide for model
informal letter.
You have received a letter from your friend, Rob. He is going on holiday with a group of friends and wants you to join them. Read Rob’s letter and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Rob, using all your notes.
My friends and I have decided to go on a holiday together, and we’d love you to come with us. What do you say? We’re going to take a tent and do some camping, but we haven’t made up our minds whether to go to the mountains or to one of the islands. What do you think?
model Dear Alex,
About the date, I can’t make it on 7th August. My sister is getting married on the 6th, so I’m afraid that whole week doesn’t suit me. It would be much better for me if you could postpone the trip for one week. Would that be OK?
G
We think it will be cheaper to hitchhike. Will that be OK with you? If not, we can take a bus.
C
ORGANISE YOUR IDEAS Complete the plan for an informal letter using the model.
While we are there, we want to make a special meal, but it might not be easy to bring all the food and the right equipment. Do you have any ideas?
Informal Language I can’t wait lots of
✓ Would that be OK? ✓ I had no idea that ✓ What about ?
Greeting
Dear,
Opening Par 1 Relate to the letter.
Thanks for letter. I’d love to join you.
The mountains Give reasons No – explain
✓ I can’t make it
I’d love to, but I’m afraid I Drop me a line.
✓ Let me know.
Yes. How about ... ?
Prefer coast – can go swimming or take
Body Pars 2-4 boat trip; Dates not suitable – sister’s Answer the notes in the task. wedding; Bill’s birthday – celebrate at seafood restaurant or surprise picnic.
I’m dying to see you all.
Closing Par 5 Write suitable ending.
Let me know what you decide.
Signing off
Yours,
SKILLS l
Do you fancy ?
Yes!
Write soon! Rob
PLAN
SKILLS
✓ I’d love to
l
1
4. Write your letter Where appropriate, use direct questions and phrases that will make your letter friendly. Use informal language. Try to use the sentence patterns in Exercise F in your letter.
l
F
2. Brainstorm ideas Why would you choose a holiday in the mountains? How do you feel about taking a bus? What would you suggest for the special meal?
SKILLS
Yes. How about ... ?
The coast Give reasons
l
While we are there, we want to celebrate Bill’s birthday. Do you have any ideas about what we could do?
1. Analyse the task Who are you writing to and why? What notes should you relate to?
SKILLS
No, because ...
I can hardly wait! About the date, Would that be OK? 3. Is that acceptable? 4. I’m looking forward to seeing you. I’m dying to see you all. 1. I am very excited.
2. As far as the date is concerned,
l
We want to go on 7th August. Does that suit you? If not, don’t worry – we will try to fit in with your plans!
Steps for writing an informal letter
SKILLS
Yes!
INFORMAL LANGUAGE Read the model letter again and find examples of how Paul says the following in a more informal way.
l
We’ve made up our minds – Tom, Bill and I are going on a holiday together and we would love you to come with us. What do you say? We’re going to book rooms in a small hotel, but we haven’t decided whether to stay in the mountains or at the coast. What do you think?
E
SKILLS
You have received a letter from your friend, Alex. He is going on holiday with a group of friends and wants you to join them. Read Alex’s letter and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Alex, using all your notes.
Writing Guide
l
Read the task and answer the questions in Exercises 1 and 2 that follow.
SKILLS
A
DIRECT QUESTIONS Direct questions help to make your writing more friendly. Find two direct questions in the model letter and underline them. See model, page 86, for answers.
SKILLS
D
Writing AN INFORMAL LETTER
UNIT 7 87
Review A
C
GRAMMAR
Complete the text using the words below.
1. “This suitcase is so heavy!” “Why don’t you let it for you?” a. me to carry b. me carrying c. to me to carry d. me carry
transportation pass sightseeing observation elevator reach breathtaking spectacular
SEARS TOWER
Going on a (1) sightseeing tour of Chicago? Visit Sears Tower, one of the most (2) spectacular landmarks in the Chicago skyline and in the world – a must for all visitors to Chicago!
2. “I need this document by tomorrow.” “Don’t worry. I’ll by this afternoon.” a. get it to print b. have it printing c. have it printed d. get it printing
Take the (3) elevator up to the 103rd floor and go to the (4) observation deck, where you will get a (5) breathtaking view pass of the city. If you buy a “fast (6) “ , you can skip the long lines!
her car without asking. 3. Tess accused a. Tony of taking b. Tony to take c. that Tony took d. to Tony of taking
reach One of the best ways to (7) Sears Tower is to use Chicago’s excellent public (8)transportationsystem.
B
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. Were the rooms booked by you? RESERVATIONS
you make the reservations for Did rooms?
the
to
no point in complaining
3. Did David really steal the car? GUILTY Is
David really guilty of stealing
the car?
4. Is your new job going well? SATISFIED Are
you satisfied with your
new job?
5. “Did you mean to upset her?” asked Jean. PURPOSE “Did you asked Jean.
?”
upset her on purpose
6. Do you not eat meat anymore? STOPPED Have
you stopped eating
meat?
7. “Is the museum open every day of the year?” she asked. ROUND “Is the museum open she asked.
?”
all year round
8. I will make sure that the parcel is delivered to you. HAVE I will
88 UNIT 7
have the parcel delivered
4. Would you mind a. to lend b. lending c lend d. to lending
me your English notebook?
5. “Where’s Paul?” “I don’t know, I’m surprised he a. hasn’t arrived b isn’t arriving c. hadn’t arrived d. didn’t arrive
yet.”
VOCABULARY
2. It won’t help if you complain to John. POINT There’s John.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
to you.
6. A discount is for anyone who is a student. a. accessible c. suitable b. available d. flexible 7. These stairs a. take b. make 8.
to the restaurant. c. reach d. lead
to the museum is free. a. Observation c. Establishment b. Admission d. Impression
9. You have to be at the airport two hours departure. a. prior c. ahead b. before d. in front
to
10. I’m sorry – this ticket is only after ten o’clock. a. complimentary c. current b. appropriate d. valid
What do the words in colour mean? 1. Is an observation deck a place from which you can see or visit interesting sights? 2. Does a double-decker boat have seats on one or two levels? 3. Is a fast food outlet a shop or a factory where you can buy a quick meal? 4. Are places that are wheelchair accessible places where people in wheelchairs can or cannot go? 5. If you descend in the elevator, do you go up or down?
B
Going to a fun park? Match the sentences to their meanings. 1. Prices are valid until the end of August.
8 a. The hotel has a free bus service.
2. You’ll get a discount if you book now.
4 b. There aren’t many to choose from.
3. We were lucky to be given complimentary tickets for the show. 4. The hotel is almost full – there are very few rooms still available. 5. She has a free pass to spend the whole weekend at the fun park. 6. You can make reservations online. 7. Admission to the park is free for children. 8. You don’t have to pay for transportation from the airport to the fun park hotel.
C
1 c. They will not change until this date. 5 d. This ticket allows her to spend two days there. 7 e. Children don’t have to pay to get into the park. 3 f.
Fortunately we didn’t pay for the tickets.
6 g. You can book on the Internet. 2 h. Tickets are cheaper if you book now.
Circle the correct answer. 1. A stretch of land or water is a a. number of small areas of land or water. b. continuous area of land or water.
5. If you hear the thunder of water, the sound is a. loud. b soft.
2. A tunnel might take you a. over a river. b. through a mountain.
6. If you are at the foot of a mountain, you’re at the a. top. b. bottom.
3. If you wander around, you a. head for a special place. b. go nowhere special.
7. A breathtaking view is a. terrible. b. amazing.
4. There’s a lot of mist in the air today so the view of the mountain a. will be clear. b. won’t be clear.
8. Someone who is physically challenged has to deal with the difficulties of a. getting around. b. understanding explanations.
77
Read the four texts related to Niagara Falls on pages 78-79. Then answer questions 1-10 below.
A
C
Tip
Reading
NIAGARA FALLS A
D
V
E
N
T
U
R
Travel Magazine 23
Each of the four texts below has questions that relate to it. Answer these questions before you go on to the next text. The last questions relate to two or more texts.
B
FUN
E
TOURS
1 This pass allows you to enter four of the most exciting tourist attractions at the Falls and also includes all-day transportation.* Attractions are not open all year round so there are different 2 passes for summer and winter. The Summer Pass includes admission to: • Maid of the Mist • Journey Behind the Falls • White Water Walk • Niagara’s Fury
* Valid on the People Mover Bus for two days from the date of first use. PASSHOLDERS ALSO RECEIVE A DISCOUNT AT THE BUTTERFLY CONSERVATORY AND THE WHIRLPOOL AERO CAR.
WWW.NIAGARAFALLSONTARIO.COM
To: Mr Davidson From: Fun Tours Subject: Tour reservation
5
Date of Tour: May 18-19 Lodging: 1 double room Total Cost: $224 (includes Niagara Falls & Great Gorge Adventure Pass) Payment Received: $100 – To be paid: $124
3 Thank you for booking Tour 34A (2 days to Niagara Falls). Full payment must be made at least two weeks prior to departure. On receipt of payment we will send you your tickets. In answer to your question, most attractions at Niagara Falls are suitable for both people who are physically challenged and children in strollers. A limited number of wheelchairaccessible rooms are available at the hotel, so please contact me immediately if you require one. Linda Reilly Travel Consultant, Fun Tours
4
6
We started our trip to Niagara Falls by getting really close to the waterfall on Journey Behind the Falls – you descend 45 metres below ground by elevator to tunnels that lead to observation decks. The force of the water and the thunder of the Falls is just incredible! Apparently, itʼs even more spectacular in the winter when the mist freezes, so itʼs really worth visiting then. In the afternoon, we headed four kilometres north to White Water Walk for a stroll alongside one of the worldʼs wildest stretches of whitewater. It was a sensational experience. On our second day, we took a boat ride on the Maid of the Mist, just as millions of tourists have done since it was established in 1846. As the double-decker boat made its way to the foot of the Falls, we realised why everyone is given a complimentary waterproof poncho – you get soaked from the spray. We felt a bit cheated that the trip lasted only 20 minutes, but the views were breathtaking.
stunt 17 times with different 7 variations. On one occasion, he carried his manager on his back, and on another, he sat down midway to cook and eat an omelette. He even did it once blindfolded. Another common stunt was riding over the waterfall in a barrel. One unlucky woman 8 who attempted this with her dog suffocated because her dog’s nose was caught in the barrel’s only air supply.
When you visit Niagara, be sure to go to the Daredevil Gallery at the IMAX Theatre. Over the years, daredevils have risked their lives performing 10 stunts at Niagara Falls in the hope of achieving fame and fortune. One of the best known of these adventurers was Charles Blondin. Blondin was born in France in 1824. He started his training as an acrobat at the age of five. In 1859, he became famous 7 as the first person to walk across the Falls on a tightrope. It took him 20 minutes to reach the other side, carrying a nine-metre-long pole to help him balance. Over the next 7 two years, he performed this
Tina’s Blog
PA S S
VISIT ONE OF THE MOST SPECTACULAR WATERFALLS IN THE WORLD AND SAVE MONEY WITH THE NIAGARA FALLS AND GREAT GORGE ADVENTURE PASS!
D
10
After wandering around the Maid of the Mist Plaza and getting a bite to eat at the fast-food outlet, we set off to the IMAX movie theatre. Considering the ticket price, the film was a big disappointment, but we were fascinated by the exhibit there called Niagara Daredevils – itʼs about some adventurous people who did crazy things like making dives into the Falls, crossing the Falls on a tightrope or going over the Falls in a barrel!
Blondin crossing the Falls
CONNECT to LANGUAGE British and American English
Sometimes different words are used for the same item in British and American English. For example: elevator (AmE) = lift (BrE) stroller (AmE) = pushchair (BrE)
Vocabulary 2 AFTER YOU READ
Questions 1-2 refer to text A. 1. What is the purpose of this text? a. to attract people to the town of Niagara Falls b. to advertise a special pass c. to give opening times of various attractions d. to help people decide which attraction to visit 2. What can passholders not do? a. visit attractions at Great Gorge b. use the bus for two days in a row c. pay less on the Whirlpool Aero Car d. use the same pass all year round Question 3 refers to text B. 3. What is the main purpose of text B? a. to confirm receipt of payment b. to invite someone to join a tour c. to ask someone to complete a booking d. to advertise a tour 78 UNIT 7
Questions 4-6 refer to text C. 4. What did Tina find disappointing? a. She got wet and had to wear a raincoat. b. The views are not very good. c. The boat ride was not long enough. d. The boat ride was like being on a bus. 5. What is true about visiting the Falls in winter? a. Most of the attractions are closed. b. There are no indoor attractions. c. It can look impressive. d. It is more dangerous. 6. What is true about the movie theatre? a. You can learn about the Niagara Daredevils there. b. It’s located in the Maid of the Mist plaza. c. Films shown there are disppointing. d. It has a fast-food outlet inside.
Questions 7-8 refer to text D. 7. What did Blondin’s crossings all have in common? a. They were all done on a tightrope. b. They took 20 minutes each. c. He did them at the request of his manager. d. They were performed over one week. 8. In the second sentence of the last paragraph, what does this refer to? a. cooking an omelette b. walking a tightrope c. going over the Falls in a barrel d. risking her life
A
Questions 9-10 refer to two or more texts. 9. What would Mr Davidson have to pay extra for B during his tour? See Teacher’s Guide for justification. a. a ticket for the film at the IMAX theatre b. protective clothing for the boat trip c. admission to Journey Behind the Falls d. travelling on the People Mover Bus 10. Which sections include information about the history of Niagara Falls? a. A and B c. A and D b. B and C d. C and D
Complete the sentences with words from the text. 1. The pass lets you enter four tourist a ttraction
. (Text A)
2. The attractions in the area are open all year r ound 3. The tunnels l ead 4. The f orce
. (Text A)
to two observation points. (Text C) of the water is unforgettable. (Text C)
5. The Maid of the Mist boat ride was e stablished (Text C)
in 1846.
6. As the boat made its wet. (Text C)
way
to the Falls, everyone got
7. We got a b ite (Text C)
to eat at one of the restaurants.
Choose the correct answer. 1. The man made a spectacular fall / dive into the river. 2. If we don’t have enough air, there is a danger we might suffocate / freeze. 3. The tourists balance / wander around enjoying the scenery. 4. The elevator / reservation took us to our room on the fifth floor. 5. An experience that is exciting and amazing is sensational / complimentary. UNIT 7 79
H C
Complete the text using the words below.
reservations force prior breathtaking
Write the word that can be used with each group of words below.
trip
holiday
available admission limited reached
1. boat day coach business
WALKING ON AIR … WELL, ALMOST!
The Grand Canyon in the USA has always offered visitors (1) breathtaking views. Now a totally available for different experience is (2) people who have a head for heights! The Skywalk, an amazing glass walkway in the shape of a horseshoe, is a great attraction. Although the walkway is made of glass, it can stand up to the force (3) of very strong winds and even earthquakes! The number of people allowed on the limited walkway at the same time is (4) to reached 120. The Skywalk can only be (5) once you enter the national park, so visitors have to pay $25 to go on the Skywalk as well as (6) admission to the park. In order to avoid a long wait, (7) reservations can be made prior (8) to the date of one’s arrival.
I
resort
}
tour 2. coach guided package sightseeing
}
trip
tour
WORD BUILDING Complete the chart. Then complete the sentences using words from the chart. Make any necessary changes. verb
establish
noun establishment
observe
observation
reserve
reservation
admit
admission
observes 1. Louise miss anything. 2.
G
COMPOUND NOUNS
1
Compound nouns are formed by joining two words to make a new word, for example, waterproof, credit card, baby-sitter. Match the words below to form compound nouns. 1. ticket 2. road 3. mineral 4. sea 5. guest
Admission to the museum is free for children under the age of 12.
4. The United Nations was
6. wheel 7. water
2
established in 1945.
Circle the correct word. 1. When a plane leaves, does it land or take off? 2. When a flight is late, is there a delay or a departure? 3. When you hurry to get on a train, do you want to miss it or catch it? 4. When a friend comes to your house to give you a lift, does he pick you up or drop you off? 5. When you get near a traffic light, should you speed up or slow down?
PRACTISE NEW WORDS Write sentences with the words you did not circle in Exercise E.
See Teacher’s Guide for possible answers.
every detail. She doesn’t
3. We made reservations for the hotel on the Internet.
E
F
3
5 2 4 3 1 7 6
a. house guesthouse b. sign road sign c. side seaside d. water mineral water e. office ticket office f. fall waterfall g. chair wheelchair
Tick (✓) the compound nouns in Exercise 1 which are written as one word.
seaside, guesthouse, wheelchair, waterfall
Complete the sentences using compound nouns in Exercise 1. 1. We love going to the summer.
seaside
2. Let’s look at the next road sign where to turn off the highway.
in to see
3. Marion went to the ticket office early to book for the concert. 4. Many people prefer the taste of mineral water to tap water. 5. They spent the night at a guesthouse .
}
resort
4. summer package beach adventure
}
holiday
PHRASES WITH PREPOSITIONS Complete the sentences using the correct preposition. There is one preposition that may be used twice.
with
of
for
by
on
about for
1. This trip is suitable can’t walk very far.
people who
for a discount? with the camera I bought. about Jake. He’s really nice.
2. Are students eligible 3. I’m not satisfied 4. I was wrong
on
5. I’m sorry. I didn’t park in your place purpose.
6. At the end of the trial, he was found guilty of theft. 7. Amy learns everything
by
heart.
Grammar GERUNDS, INFINITIVES, let and make Read the uses of gerunds and infinitives and complete the sentences.
D
3. popular tourist seaside holiday
A
buying 1. Do you recommend the Niagara Falls Adventure Pass?
Gerunds subject of a sentence Visiting (visit) Niagara Falls is an exciting experience. after prepositions Visitors can save money by special passes.
buying
to tell 3. Did you have a chance (tell) Mark about the change in plans?
(buy)
4. I’m not very happy about (travel) alone.
remembering (remember) that 6. It’s worth hotels are often fully booked in summer.
after certain verbs or verb + object to travel (travel) overseas this She can’t afford year.
after certain adjectives to We were pleased the tunnel.
get
after the first / second / next / last to Blondin was the first person the falls on a tightrope.
cross
7. When do you expect your exam results?
(enter)
(get) to the end of
travelling
not to accept
5. I think Sally was right (not accept) the job.
Infinitives
to enter
(buy)
to take 2. Our parents promised (take) us abroad next year.
after certain verbs or expressions walking You can enjoy (walk) around the area.
The special pass allows you several attractions.
Complete the sentences. Use the gerund, infinitive or the bare infinitive.
8. Tim persuaded me after) his dog.
B
to get to look after
(get) (look
Circle the correct words. 1. On the way she stopped buying / to buy coffee.
(cross)
Let and make are followed by an object + bare infinitive (without to). take Some places don’t let you (take) your camera with you. They make tourists leave (leave) their cameras behind.
2. Make sure you remember locking / to lock the door when you leave. 3. I regret shouting / to shout at him. 4. I’ll never forget visiting / to visit my brother when he was in Spain. We had so much fun!
Note: Verbs like forget, remember, stop and regret can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but with a change in meaning. Paul has lost weight since he stopped eating chocolate. Bob stopped to eat lunch at a fast food restaurant.
See the Grammar Appendix, page 172. 80 UNIT 7
UNIT 7 81
THE CAUSATIVE
B
Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the blank in the same line.
When we arrange for someone else to do something for us, we use the causative. have / get + object + past participle have my picture taken I’m going to (have / my picture / take) for my new passport tomorrow. You must get your passport stamped (get / your passport / stamp) when you enter the country. have + agent + bare infinitive will have Rob meet I
(have / Rob / meet) you at the airport tomorrow evening.
get + object + infinitive We didn’t get lost because wegot the taxi driver to drop us off (get / the taxi driver / drop us off ) .
See the Grammar Appendix, page 173. Complete the sentences using the causative.
THE COLOSSEUM
has her hair done (have / her hair / do) every week. got your bike fixed (get / your bike / fix) yet? 3. I insisted on having the editor print (have / the editor / print) an apology in the newspaper. 4. Susan had her house decorated (have / her house / decorate) last summer. She isn’t having it painted (not have / it / paint) this year. got / have got the manager to give
1. Mum
2. Have you
5. We
(get / the manager / give) us complimentary tickets.
6. Did you have the gardener plant (have / the gardener / plant) these flowers? 7. My tooth hurts. I must get the dentist to check (get / the dentist / check) it. 8. The car is really clean. We have just had it washed (just have / it / wash).
B2 Exam Practice A
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. VOCABULARY GRAMMAR 1. “Where is everyone?” “There was a power cut, so they all a. stopped to work b. stopping work c. stop work d. stopped working 2. We’re looking forward a. see b. to see c. seeing d. to seeing
.”
you soon.
3. I got Dad with my homework. a. help me b. to help me c. helping me d. helped me 4. “Sarah looks different today. Why is that?” .” “She a. got to cut her hair b. had her hair cut c. made her hair cut d. got her hair to cut you? 5. Did she really a. pretend not to see b. pretended to not see c. pretended not seeing d. pretended not see 82 UNIT 7
Many of the Roman Empire’s most (4) spectacular games and forms of entertainment were suitable held at the Colosseum, which was (5) because it could hold up to 50,000 spectators. There were many entrances and exits so seating was easily (6) accessible . The engineering amazing behind the arena was also really (7) : the building was equipped with elevators and quickly tunnels which took the performers (8) to the arena.
SPECTACLE SUIT ACCESS AMAZE QUICK
Today the Colosseum is a great (9) attraction for tourists. Thousands visit there every year. There is an (10) admission charge, but EU citizens under the age of 18 and over the age of 65 do not have to pay.
ATTRACT ADMIT
for the show?
7. Be careful. From here the road a. observes b. establishes c. departs d. descends 8. All hotel guests were given a they arrived. a. limited b. valid c. complimentary d. donated
10. It is impossible to a. wander b. reach c. arrive d. lead
SENSATION CHOOSE FAME
CONNECT to the WORLD
6. Are there any tickets a. available b. accessible c. remarkable d. suitable
9. Let’s make our a. way b. attempt c. stage d. point
The (1) sensational seven wonders of the ancient world were chosen in 200 BC by a Greek writer called Philon. In 2001, a project was introduced to get people around the world involved in choosing (2) seven new wonders of the world. It was not surprising that the Colosseum in famous Rome was chosen as one of them, as it is one of the most (3) buildings in the world.
suddenly.
The seven new wonders of the world are the Colosseum, the Taj Mahal (India), Petra (Jordan), Machu Picchu (Peru), the Great Wall of China, Chichenitza (Mexico) and the Christ Redeemer Statue (Brazil).
C
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. Let’s have a snack here. BITE Let’s
basket of fruit when
back to the tour bus. It leaves soon.
have a bite to eat
here.
2. I’m willing to fetch Dan from the airport. MIND I
don’t mind picking
up Dan from the airport.
3. The plane left late, but made up the time and arrived on schedule. TAKING After
taking off
late, the plane made up the time and arrived on schedule.
4. I can’t wait to see my cousins. FORWARD I
am looking forward to seeing
my cousins.
5. That hairdresser cuts my hair. HAVE I
have my hair cut
by that hairdresser.
6. Joe remembered to book a table at the restaurant. FORGET the top of the mountain by car.
Joe
did not (didn’t) forget to make
reservations at the restaurant.
7. We are now heading towards the old city. WAY We are now
making our way towards / on our way to
the old city.
8. Sam got the author to sign his book. HAD Sam
had his book signed by
the author.
UNIT 7 83
A
A
What things would you enjoy about a camping holiday? What would you enjoy about a holiday at a luxury hotel? Talk to your partner about the advantages of each kind of holiday. You can discuss: See Teacher’s
Speaking Guide
• the sleeping conditions
matches
• the food
insect repellent
YOUR TASK Look at the pictures below and do the task with a partner. Use the Speaking Guide to help you. See Teacher’s Guide for
model speaking.
You and your partner are going on a camping holiday and you have to decide what to take with you. Look at the pictures below and talk about how important each item is. Then decide which two items are the most important to take with you. • How important is each item for camping? • Which two items are the most important to take with you?
In 1911 an
tourists
10
3. You will hear a woman telling her husband about a scarf she bought him. Why is the man annoyed? A He thinks it was too expensive. B He doesn’t need it. C He doesn’t like the colours. 4. You hear two students talking about an exam they have just taken. What does the girl say about it? A She found it easier than the previous exam. B She wasn’t well enough prepared. C She has a chance of passing it. 84 UNIT 7
l
What I mean is
Which of the facts about Machu Picchu did you already know / had you guessed correctly?
What I’m trying to say is
5. You hear a man talking about an accident he saw. How did he feel at the end? A Upset by the state of the car. B Shocked by the seriousness of the accident. C Glad that the drivers weren’t hurt. 6. You hear a man and a woman talking about their jobs. What is the man’s main problem? A The canteen food should be improved. B His salary is very low. C There is far too much work. 7. You hear a man and his daughter talking about her ballet lessons. How does the girl feel about them? A They are boring. B They are too tiring. C They are too formal.
SKILLS
Asking for clarification Do you mean ? Are you saying that ?
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1. You overhear two people talking about a concert they attended. What upset the woman most? A Their seats were too far from the stage. B Someone in the audience made too much noise. C She missed her gym class. 2. You hear someone talking about his career. Who influenced him the most in his choice of career? A his grandmother B his sister C his teacher
l
Clarifying
CONNECT to YOUR WORLD
9 explorer found the lost city.
An illegal bridge was recently built to bring to Machu Picchu more quickly.
B
Useful Expressions
8 killed the people of Machu Picchu.
disease American
suitable / unsuitable
7 years after it was built.
a hundred
SKILLS
It is believed that a
necessary / unnecessary
l
There were no people in the city only
be essential / useful
6 between the stones.
knife
cut food / a rope
C
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Ask and answer the questions below with a partner. 1. Where would you like to go camping? Why?
SKILLS
The walls are built so well that it is impossible to fit a
keep insects away
in an emergency
5 in the city.
streets
light a fire
l
It was surprising to the reporter that there are no
in case you lose your way
become ill
4 were amazing.
The reporter had heard the views of the mountains and jungles
put up a tent
get injured
3 high up in the Andes Mountains.
South America
first-aid kit
2. Do you think that camping helps people appreciate the environment more? Why?
SKILLS
The city of Machu Picchu is in
map
have an accident
2 of the Incas.”
Lost City
mobile phone
3. Which kind of hotel would you prefer – a big, modern hotel with lots of facilities, or a small, family-run hotel? Why? 4. Have you ever been on holiday at a place you would like to go back to? Where did you go? What was it like? Why would you like to go there again?
l
People often call Machu Picchu “the
1
1983
knife
5. Who do you enjoy going on holiday with? Why?
SKILLS
Machu Picchu was named a World Heritage Site in
SKILLS
torch
• what you can see and do
B
Topic Vocabulary
l
Guide for possible answers.
l
You will hear a radio report about a visit to Machu Picchu. Look at the picture of Machu Picchu. What do you know about it? Tell your partner and together try to guess the answers to the questions below. Then listen to the radio report. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences.
SKILLS
Speaking REACHING A DECISION
SKILLS
Listening
8. You hear a woman talking to a friend on the phone. What is she worried about? A cancelling her holiday B her visitor’s accommodation C the expense of a hotel UNIT 7 85
SENTENCE PATTERNS Write sentences using the prompts given in A and B below. It would be ... if ... A
B
3. Organise your ideas Follow the plan.
1. much better / me you / postpone the trip It would be much better for me if you postponed the trip.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you, so please write soon! Alex
2. more convenient / me
I / come later
It would be more convenient for me if I came later. we / study together It would be better for me if we studied together. 4. more helpful / me you / write down the directions It would be more helpful for me if you wrote down the directions. 5. more fun / us we /go on a camping trip It would be more fun for us if we went on a camping trip. 3. better / me
ANALYSE THE TASK See Teacher’s Guide for answers.
2
1. Who has written to you? 2. Why has he written the letter?
2. What explanation will you give as to why you can’t go on 7th August? When could you go instead?
3. What four points must you cover in your letter? 4. Will you use formal or informal language?
B
See Teacher’s Guide for
BRAINSTORM IDEAS possible answers.
1. What reasons can you give for choosing a holiday at the coast?
3. What suggestions do you have for celebrating Bill’s birthday?
Read the model letter. Then find the informal phrases used in the model and tick (✓) them in the Writing Guide.
Thanks for your letter. I’d love to join all of you on holiday! I can hardly wait! You asked if I’d prefer the mountains or the coast. Personally, I’d much rather go to the coast because we can go swimming or maybe take a boat trip.
I had no idea it was Bill’s birthday. What a great idea to celebrate it while we are away! What about going out for a meal at a seafood restaurant? Bill loves fish. Or we could prepare a surprise picnic somewhere. I know we’re going to have lots of fun! I’m dying to see you all. Let me know what you decide! Yours, Paul 86 UNIT 7
YOUR TASK Read the task below. Then write your letter in 120-150 words. Use the Writing Guide to help you. See Teacher’s Guide for model
informal letter.
You have received a letter from your friend, Rob. He is going on holiday with a group of friends and wants you to join them. Read Rob’s letter and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Rob, using all your notes.
My friends and I have decided to go on a holiday together, and we’d love you to come with us. What do you say? We’re going to take a tent and do some camping, but we haven’t made up our minds whether to go to the mountains or to one of the islands. What do you think?
model Dear Alex,
About the date, I can’t make it on 7th August. My sister is getting married on the 6th, so I’m afraid that whole week doesn’t suit me. It would be much better for me if you could postpone the trip for one week. Would that be OK?
G
We think it will be cheaper to hitchhike. Will that be OK with you? If not, we can take a bus.
C
ORGANISE YOUR IDEAS Complete the plan for an informal letter using the model.
While we are there, we want to make a special meal, but it might not be easy to bring all the food and the right equipment. Do you have any ideas?
Informal Language I can’t wait lots of
✓ Would that be OK? ✓ I had no idea that ✓ What about ?
Greeting
Dear,
Opening Par 1 Relate to the letter.
Thanks for letter. I’d love to join you.
The mountains Give reasons No – explain
✓ I can’t make it
I’d love to, but I’m afraid I Drop me a line.
✓ Let me know.
Yes. How about ... ?
Prefer coast – can go swimming or take
Body Pars 2-4 boat trip; Dates not suitable – sister’s Answer the notes in the task. wedding; Bill’s birthday – celebrate at seafood restaurant or surprise picnic.
I’m dying to see you all.
Closing Par 5 Write suitable ending.
Let me know what you decide.
Signing off
Yours,
SKILLS l
Do you fancy ?
Yes!
Write soon! Rob
PLAN
SKILLS
✓ I’d love to
l
1
4. Write your letter Where appropriate, use direct questions and phrases that will make your letter friendly. Use informal language. Try to use the sentence patterns in Exercise F in your letter.
l
F
2. Brainstorm ideas Why would you choose a holiday in the mountains? How do you feel about taking a bus? What would you suggest for the special meal?
SKILLS
Yes. How about ... ?
The coast Give reasons
l
While we are there, we want to celebrate Bill’s birthday. Do you have any ideas about what we could do?
1. Analyse the task Who are you writing to and why? What notes should you relate to?
SKILLS
No, because ...
I can hardly wait! About the date, Would that be OK? 3. Is that acceptable? 4. I’m looking forward to seeing you. I’m dying to see you all. 1. I am very excited.
2. As far as the date is concerned,
l
We want to go on 7th August. Does that suit you? If not, don’t worry – we will try to fit in with your plans!
Steps for writing an informal letter
SKILLS
Yes!
INFORMAL LANGUAGE Read the model letter again and find examples of how Paul says the following in a more informal way.
l
We’ve made up our minds – Tom, Bill and I are going on a holiday together and we would love you to come with us. What do you say? We’re going to book rooms in a small hotel, but we haven’t decided whether to stay in the mountains or at the coast. What do you think?
E
SKILLS
You have received a letter from your friend, Alex. He is going on holiday with a group of friends and wants you to join them. Read Alex’s letter and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Alex, using all your notes.
Writing Guide
l
Read the task and answer the questions in Exercises 1 and 2 that follow.
SKILLS
A
DIRECT QUESTIONS Direct questions help to make your writing more friendly. Find two direct questions in the model letter and underline them. See model, page 86, for answers.
SKILLS
D
Writing AN INFORMAL LETTER
UNIT 7 87
Review A
C
GRAMMAR
Complete the text using the words below.
1. “This suitcase is so heavy!” “Why don’t you let it for you?” a. me to carry b. me carrying c. to me to carry d. me carry
transportation pass sightseeing observation elevator reach breathtaking spectacular
SEARS TOWER
Going on a (1) sightseeing tour of Chicago? Visit Sears Tower, one of the most (2) spectacular landmarks in the Chicago skyline and in the world – a must for all visitors to Chicago!
2. “I need this document by tomorrow.” “Don’t worry. I’ll by this afternoon.” a. get it to print b. have it printing c. have it printed d. get it printing
Take the (3) elevator up to the 103rd floor and go to the (4) observation deck, where you will get a (5) breathtaking view pass of the city. If you buy a “fast (6) “ , you can skip the long lines!
her car without asking. 3. Tess accused a. Tony of taking b. Tony to take c. that Tony took d. to Tony of taking
reach One of the best ways to (7) Sears Tower is to use Chicago’s excellent public (8)transportationsystem.
B
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Use between two and five words, including the word given. 1. Were the rooms booked by you? RESERVATIONS
you make the reservations for Did rooms?
the
to
no point in complaining
3. Did David really steal the car? GUILTY Is
David really guilty of stealing
the car?
4. Is your new job going well? SATISFIED Are
you satisfied with your
new job?
5. “Did you mean to upset her?” asked Jean. PURPOSE “Did you asked Jean.
?”
upset her on purpose
6. Do you not eat meat anymore? STOPPED Have
you stopped eating
meat?
7. “Is the museum open every day of the year?” she asked. ROUND “Is the museum open she asked.
?”
all year round
8. I will make sure that the parcel is delivered to you. HAVE I will
88 UNIT 7
have the parcel delivered
4. Would you mind a. to lend b. lending c lend d. to lending
me your English notebook?
5. “Where’s Paul?” “I don’t know, I’m surprised he a. hasn’t arrived b isn’t arriving c. hadn’t arrived d. didn’t arrive
yet.”
VOCABULARY
2. It won’t help if you complain to John. POINT There’s John.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
to you.
6. A discount is for anyone who is a student. a. accessible c. suitable b. available d. flexible 7. These stairs a. take b. make 8.
to the restaurant. c. reach d. lead
to the museum is free. a. Observation c. Establishment b. Admission d. Impression
9. You have to be at the airport two hours departure. a. prior c. ahead b. before d. in front
to
10. I’m sorry – this ticket is only after ten o’clock. a. complimentary c. current b. appropriate d. valid
