Ultimate Land Law Exam Note
JT in law (registered): s 100(1) RPA in equity (unregistered): Corin v Patton also severance + s 97 RPA otherwise TiC: Jack Chia termination: s 66G CA
The Ultimate Land Law Exam Note
Fejo: grant of freehold
Connection with land:
Wik people: coexistence with pastoral lease
Ward: the IP case Remedy: occupation rent: generally no claim: Luke unless: ousted: Biviano; or breakdown: Callow v Rupchev Repair/Improvements: maintenance is not improvement but land value increased or extra expenses: Forgeard
De Rose: the lease case Yorta Yorta: mental connection
Four requirements (Re Ellenborough Park): 1. dominant and servant tenement: Barba 2. accommodating the dominate tenement: real and intelligible: Clos Farming + not mere commercial or enjoyment: Hill v Tupper 3. not same person held: overrode in NSW 4. capable to form a grant: not too wide: Elleborough Park
Extinguishment:
Akiba: specific intent
Native Title: s 223 NTA + Mabo (No.2)
Registry of easement: s 46 RPA
Brown: mining (fence)
Formality: s 88(1) CA
Coogoo: 12 months military case
Court order made easement: s 88K CA • •
Right of Park: Moncrieff v Jamieson (ancillary to right of way is an easement Restricted Right of recreation: Ryan v Sutherland (no reasonable use of servient owner)
Right of Way: Westfield v Perpetual
Rents and Profits: always claimable: Henderson v Eason unless no effort:Squire v Rogers
Extinguishment: s 89 + Treeweeke v 36 Wolseley: 20 years of non-use as abandonment
Easement
Tacking and Priority: law: date of registration: s 36(9) / Eq: first came: Mercantile Credits v ANZ Remedies of Mortgagee: 1. power of sale: s 57 RPA 2. conduct of sale: • bona fide auction sale: Southern Goldfield • best price: s 111A CA + Vasilou v Westpact 3. no timing duty: Wespac v Kingsland 4. notice: Websdale v S&JD Investment Remedies of Mortgagor: • breach of mortgagee: restrain from completing contract: Forsyth v Blundell
Co-ownership
Mortgage Lease
s 42(1) RPA Identifiable benefit: Bursill v Berger
Implied covenant: 1. right of quiet enjoyment: more than trivial: Aussie Traveller 2. landlord duty to repair: business efficacy: Codelfa 3. landlord duty to keep safe: Jones v Bartlett
Frazer v Walker: bona fide purchaser
Assignment: 1. run with land: s 51 RPA + Gumland v Duffy Bros 2. fail to notice assignee: Ashmore v Eaton + s 117 CA 3. non-renewal: not touch and concern the land: Re Hunter ’s Lease + s 118 CA 4. enforceability after assignment: s 129(10) CA + Loses Fit 5. against assigning: s 133(B) Remedies: 1. termination of contract (lease): s 127 CA + Marshall v Snowy River 2. notice must be served: s 129(1) CA + Batiste v Lenin 3. breach of covenants: s 129(2) CA + Progressive Mail House 4. relief against forfeiture: s 129(8) CA + Steiper v Deviot (unless unfair) 5. effectively forfeiture by LL: Moule v Garret (writ of possession)
Mercantile v Shell: extend to lease & mortgage
s 54A CA: all written transfer in land
Travito Nominees: void lease not affect title
2.
Must benefit covenantee’s land: Clem Smith (benefit not business; distance)
3.
Extinguishment: Levi v Spicer (substantial injury)
Freehold Covenant
4.
Override by statute: s 28 EPAA + Cumerlong Holdings v Dalcross
Exceptions: s 42 Volunteer (with notice): Bogdanovic: successor case s 118(1)(d)(ii) + Cassgrain: wife case
Indefeasibility
Identifying mortgagor: before 2015: s 56C RPA after 2015: Pt 4 RPR Horvath v CBA: void by statue = void by fraud
Must be negative covenant in equity: regardless of registration: s 88 CA + Tulk v Moxhay
Torrens System:
Formation: (>3 yrs) in written (s 54A) + registered (s 42(1)) + exclusive possession (Radaich v Smith) Implied tenancy: contractual obligations remain enforceable: Leitz Leeholme v Robinson
1.
Priority: fist in time and no defects party prevail fail to caveat: not affect priority: JH Holding Eq FS v Eq Mtg: Abigail v Lapin Eq Lease v Eq Mtg: Perpetual v Smith
Fraud: • not fraud: ✴ careless: Scorpion ✴ mere notice: Loke Yek ✴ failure to inquire: Assets ✴ bank officer: Grgic v ANZ • ✴ ✴ ✴ ✴
actual fraud: moral turpitude or dishonesty: agency: Schultz forged signature: Westpac v Sansom solicitor attestations: Russo
In personam: • dishonest after registration not fraud: RM Hosking • equitable interest: Bahr v Nicolay • RP’s unconscionability: Vassos s 42(1)(a): prior certificate s 42(1)(a1): omitted easement s 42(1)(b): profites a prendre s 42(1)(c): wrong description s 42(1)(d): short term tenancy Overriding statue: s 42(3) & Hillpalm Caveats: protection of unregistered interest: Bedford v Surgo
The Ultimate Land Law Exam Note
Fejo: grant of freehold
Connection with land:
Wik people: coexistence with pastoral lease
Ward: the IP case Remedy: occupation rent: generally no claim: Luke unless: ousted: Biviano; or breakdown: Callow v Rupchev Repair/Improvements: maintenance is not improvement but land value increased or extra expenses: Forgeard
De Rose: the lease case Yorta Yorta: mental connection
Four requirements (Re Ellenborough Park): 1. dominant and servant tenement: Barba 2. accommodating the dominate tenement: real and intelligible: Clos Farming + not mere commercial or enjoyment: Hill v Tupper 3. not same person held: overrode in NSW 4. capable to form a grant: not too wide: Elleborough Park
Extinguishment:
Akiba: specific intent
Native Title: s 223 NTA + Mabo (No.2)
Registry of easement: s 46 RPA
Brown: mining (fence)
Formality: s 88(1) CA
Coogoo: 12 months military case
Court order made easement: s 88K CA • •
Right of Park: Moncrieff v Jamieson (ancillary to right of way is an easement Restricted Right of recreation: Ryan v Sutherland (no reasonable use of servient owner)
Right of Way: Westfield v Perpetual
Rents and Profits: always claimable: Henderson v Eason unless no effort:Squire v Rogers
Extinguishment: s 89 + Treeweeke v 36 Wolseley: 20 years of non-use as abandonment
Easement
Tacking and Priority: law: date of registration: s 36(9) / Eq: first came: Mercantile Credits v ANZ Remedies of Mortgagee: 1. power of sale: s 57 RPA 2. conduct of sale: • bona fide auction sale: Southern Goldfield • best price: s 111A CA + Vasilou v Westpact 3. no timing duty: Wespac v Kingsland 4. notice: Websdale v S&JD Investment Remedies of Mortgagor: • breach of mortgagee: restrain from completing contract: Forsyth v Blundell
Co-ownership
Mortgage Lease
s 42(1) RPA Identifiable benefit: Bursill v Berger
Implied covenant: 1. right of quiet enjoyment: more than trivial: Aussie Traveller 2. landlord duty to repair: business efficacy: Codelfa 3. landlord duty to keep safe: Jones v Bartlett
Frazer v Walker: bona fide purchaser
Assignment: 1. run with land: s 51 RPA + Gumland v Duffy Bros 2. fail to notice assignee: Ashmore v Eaton + s 117 CA 3. non-renewal: not touch and concern the land: Re Hunter ’s Lease + s 118 CA 4. enforceability after assignment: s 129(10) CA + Loses Fit 5. against assigning: s 133(B) Remedies: 1. termination of contract (lease): s 127 CA + Marshall v Snowy River 2. notice must be served: s 129(1) CA + Batiste v Lenin 3. breach of covenants: s 129(2) CA + Progressive Mail House 4. relief against forfeiture: s 129(8) CA + Steiper v Deviot (unless unfair) 5. effectively forfeiture by LL: Moule v Garret (writ of possession)
Mercantile v Shell: extend to lease & mortgage
s 54A CA: all written transfer in land
Travito Nominees: void lease not affect title
2.
Must benefit covenantee’s land: Clem Smith (benefit not business; distance)
3.
Extinguishment: Levi v Spicer (substantial injury)
Freehold Covenant
4.
Override by statute: s 28 EPAA + Cumerlong Holdings v Dalcross
Exceptions: s 42 Volunteer (with notice): Bogdanovic: successor case s 118(1)(d)(ii) + Cassgrain: wife case
Indefeasibility
Identifying mortgagor: before 2015: s 56C RPA after 2015: Pt 4 RPR Horvath v CBA: void by statue = void by fraud
Must be negative covenant in equity: regardless of registration: s 88 CA + Tulk v Moxhay
Torrens System:
Formation: (>3 yrs) in written (s 54A) + registered (s 42(1)) + exclusive possession (Radaich v Smith) Implied tenancy: contractual obligations remain enforceable: Leitz Leeholme v Robinson
1.
Priority: fist in time and no defects party prevail fail to caveat: not affect priority: JH Holding Eq FS v Eq Mtg: Abigail v Lapin Eq Lease v Eq Mtg: Perpetual v Smith
Fraud: • not fraud: ✴ careless: Scorpion ✴ mere notice: Loke Yek ✴ failure to inquire: Assets ✴ bank officer: Grgic v ANZ • ✴ ✴ ✴ ✴
actual fraud: moral turpitude or dishonesty: agency: Schultz forged signature: Westpac v Sansom solicitor attestations: Russo
In personam: • dishonest after registration not fraud: RM Hosking • equitable interest: Bahr v Nicolay • RP’s unconscionability: Vassos s 42(1)(a): prior certificate s 42(1)(a1): omitted easement s 42(1)(b): profites a prendre s 42(1)(c): wrong description s 42(1)(d): short term tenancy Overriding statue: s 42(3) & Hillpalm Caveats: protection of unregistered interest: Bedford v Surgo
