Medway Council Local Air Quality Management Air Quality Review and Assessment
Updating and Screening Assessment
April 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 5 1
2
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1
Description of Local Authority Area ....................................................................................... 6
1.2
Purpose of Report.................................................................................................................. 6
1.3
Air Quality Objectives ............................................................................................................ 7
1.4
Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)................................................................................. 9
1.5
Summary of Review and Assessment undertaken by Medway Council ............................... 9
Updating and Screening Assessment Methodology .................................................................... 13 2.1
3
2.1.1
Traffic data....................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.2
Background concentrations............................................................................................. 15
New Monitoring Data .................................................................................................................... 16 3.1
5
Automatic Monitoring Sites.............................................................................................. 16
3.1.2
Non-Automatic Monitoring Data ...................................................................................... 17 Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives....................................................... 20
3.2.1
Nitrogen dioxide...............................................................................................................20
3.2.2
Particles (PM10) ............................................................................................................... 21
3.2.3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)...................................................................................................... 23
3.2.4
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ................................................................................................... 23
Road Traffic Sources.................................................................................................................... 24 4.1
Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb .............................. 24
4.2
Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or more close to traffic ............................... 24
4.3
Roads with a high flow of buses and/or Heavy Goods Vehicles ......................................... 25
4.4
Junctions.............................................................................................................................. 25
4.5
New roads constructed or proposed since the last round of Review and Assessment ...... 25
4.6
Roads with significantly changed traffic............................................................................... 25
4.7
Bus and coach stations........................................................................................................ 26
Other Transport Sources.............................................................................................................. 27 5.1
Airports................................................................................................................................. 27
5.2
Railways (diesel and steam trains)...................................................................................... 27
5.2.1
Stationary Trains ............................................................................................................. 27
5.2.2
Moving Trains .................................................................................................................. 27
5.3 6
Summary of Monitoring Undertaken.................................................................................... 16
3.1.1 3.2
4
Input Data ............................................................................................................................ 15
Ports (shipping).................................................................................................................... 27
Industrial Sources......................................................................................................................... 28 6.1 6.1.1
Industrial Installations .......................................................................................................... 28 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been carried out ......................................................................................................................................... 28
6.1.2 Existing Installations where emissions have increased substantially or new relevant exposure has been introduced ..................................................................................................... 28 6.1.3
New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment .. 28
7
6.2
Major fuel (petrol) storage depots........................................................................................ 29
6.3
Petrol stations ...................................................................................................................... 29
6.4
Poultry farms........................................................................................................................ 29
Commercial and Domestic Sources ............................................................................................. 30 7.1
Biomass combustion............................................................................................................ 30
7.1.1
Biomass combustion - individual installations ................................................................. 30
7.1.2
Biomass combustion – combined impacts (PM10 emissions) ......................................... 30
7.2
Domestic solid-fuel burning (sulphur dioxide emissions) .................................................... 30
8
Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources ................................................................................................. 31
9
Conclusions and Proposed Actions.............................................................................................. 32
10
9.1
Conclusions from new monitoring data ............................................................................... 32
9.2
Conclusions from assessment of sources ........................................................................... 32
9.3
Proposed Actions................................................................................................................. 32
References ................................................................................................................................... 33
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Appendix 1
- Traffic data............................................................................................................ 34
Appendix 2
- Bias Adjustment Factor Calculations.................................................................... 38
Appendix 3
- Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube results 2008 ........................................................ 40
Appendix 4
- DMRB Assessment Inputs.................................................................................... 41
Appendix 5 -
DMRB Assessment Results ................................................................................... 42
Appendix 6
- List of New Industrial Processes .......................................................................... 43
LIST OF TABLES Table 1– Air Quality Objectives included in the Air Quality Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management ............................................................................................................................... 8 Table 2– Summary of emission sources and relevant pollutants to be considered as part of the Updating and Screening Assessment................................................................................................... 14 Table 3– Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites .................................................................................... 16 Table 4– Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites ........................................................................... 18 Table 5– Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 6– Results of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes (µg/m3) ............................................................... 21 Table 7– Summary Sheet from Volatile Correction Model.................................................................... 22 Table 8– Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective................ 22 Table 9– Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective .............. 22 Table 10– Results of Automatic Monitoring for Sulphur dioxide: Comparison with Objectives ............ 23 Table 11– Results of Automatic Monitoring for carbon monoxide: Comparison with Objective ........... 23
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – Chatham Centre AQMA....................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2 – Strood Centre AQMA........................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3 – Cuxton Road AQMA ............................................................................................................ 11 Figure 4 – Frindsbury Road AQMA....................................................................................................... 11 Figure 5 – Maidstone Road AQMA ....................................................................................................... 12 Figure 6 – Rochester Centre AQMA ..................................................................................................... 12 Figure 7 – Map of monitoring sites in Medway ..................................................................................... 16
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Executive Summary Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to review and assess the air quality within their area and take account of Government Guidance when undertaking such work. The Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) provides an update with respect to air quality issues within the District. There have been a number of changes since the last (third) round of review and assessments which have been taken into account in this assessment; including revised Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) Guidance, modelled background concentration maps, updated NOX:NO2 conversion calculator, updated future year calculation tools and updates on specific sources (rail, poultry farms, biomass). The USA has included consideration of new monitoring data and emissions sources, in addition to any significant changes to existing emission sources identified in the previous rounds. The USA considers the seven priority health based air quality objectives as laid down in Regulations and assesses the likelihood that the air quality objectives will be met by their target dates. If the air quality objectives are unlikely to be met, a detailed assessment will be required. Having considered each emission source and presented evidence to support the assessment of each, it is concluded that the air quality objectives for benzene, 1, 3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, lead, PM10 and sulphur dioxide will be met. There is no requirement to undertake a detailed assessment for these pollutants. However, there are exceedences of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective identified through monitoring data at five locations in Medway outside of areas declared as Air Quality Management Areas, and where there is relevant exposure. These sites are currently being assessed within the Detailed Assessment 2009. Additional monitoring requirements have been identified for NO2 at a relevant receptor location along the A231 High Street Chatham, where predicted DMRB annual mean concentrations are above 36g/m3 and the criteria for narrow congested streets have been met. Proposed actions arising from the Updating and Screening Assessment are as follows: Take forward the recommendations of the Detailed Assessment 2009, which will consider the five monitoring sites outside the declared AQMAs where exceedences of the annual mean objective were measured in 2008; Undertake additional monitoring of NO2 at the nearest residential exposure to the A231 High Street, Chatham where predicted DMRB annual mean concentrations are above 36g/m3 and the criteria for narrow congested streets have been met. Progress to a 2010 Annual Progress Report by April 2010.
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1 Introduction 1.1
Description of Local Authority Area
Medway is situated in Kent in the southeast of England, 45 minutes from the centre of London, the Channel Tunnel and ports, with good access to the national motorway and rail networks. Medway Council is a unitary authority serving a population a quarter of a million people. Medway is the largest single conurbation in the southeast outside London. The district is predominantly urban made up of the towns of Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham, and Rainham, but also has more rural areas, including the Hoo Peninsula and Grain. This later area is home to a number of power stations. Medway is recognised by the government as part of the developing Thames Gateway region, and is an area of significant regeneration. The main source of air pollution in the district is road traffic emissions from major roads, notably the M2, A2, A228, A229, A230, A231, A278 and A289. Medway suffers from significant congestion, especially in the town centres. Six Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) have been declared due to road traffic emissions where exceedences of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were predicted. Chatham Centre AQMA (Sections of Railway Street, New Road Avenue and Best Street in Chatham Town Centre) Cuxton Road AQMA (Cuxton Road between the junctions with Hawthorn Road and London Road) Frindsbury Road AQMA (Frindsbury Road between the junctions with Godington Road and Bill Street Road) Maidstone Road AQMA (A length of Maidstone Road in Chatham between Greenway and the Asda store traffic lights) Rochester Centre AQMA (Star Hill and sections of New Road and Corporation Street in Rochester) Strood Centre AQMA (High Street, Strood from the junction with London Road and Cuxton Road up to and and including the junction with the north-western end of Commercial Road) Other pollution sources, including commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to background pollution concentrations.
1.2
Purpose of Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. Bureau Veritas has been commissioned by Medway Council to undertake the Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) 2009, as part of the fourth round of LAQM Review and Assessment. The following information has been considered within this assessment: Relevant legislative background Medway Council Review and Assessment of air quality under the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) regime
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Traffic data provided by Medway Council; For the purposes of the updating and screening assessment, the Highways Agency’s DMRB1 model has been used to assess traffic data Industrial, domestic and other non-traffic related source data provided by Medway Council Monitoring data for 2008 provided by Medway Council Background pollutant concentrations from modelled maps Technical guidance and tools provided by Defra2 This report sets out the relevant air quality legislation for air quality, provides a review of local air quality management within the administrative area, assesses the air quality for all relevant sources and then summarises the findings of the assessment and potential need for further detailed assessment work.
1.3
Air Quality Objectives
The significance of existing and future pollutant levels are assessed in relation to the national air quality standards and objectives, established by Government. The revised Air Quality Strategy (AQS)3 for the UK (released in July 2007) provides the over-arching strategic framework for air quality in the UK and contains national air quality standards and objectives established by the UK Government and devolved administrations to protect human health. The air quality objectives incorporated in the AQS and the UK Legislation are derived from the Limit Values prescribed in the EU Directives transposed into national legislation by member states. The CAFE (Clean Air for Europe) programme was initiated in the late 1990s to draw together previous directives into a single EU Directive on air quality. The Directive 2008/50/EC4 introduces new obligatory standards for PM2.5 for Government but places no statutory duty on local Government to work towards achievement. The Air Quality Standards (England) Regulations 20075 came into force on 15th February 2007 in order to align and bring together in one statutory instrument the Governments obligations to fulfil the requirements of the CAFE Directive. The objectives for ten pollutants (benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide particulates - PM10 and PM2.5, ozone and PAHs - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) have been prescribed within the Air Quality Strategy3 based on The Air Quality Standards (England) Regulations 2007. This assessment focuses on those pollutants included in Air Quality Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management, in respect of pollutant sources affecting air quality within the Council’s administrative area. The objectives set out in the AQS for these pollutants are presented in the table below. The UK Government and the Devolved Administrations have also set new national air quality objectives for PM2.5. These objectives have not been incorporated into LAQM Regulations, and authorities have no statutory obligation to review and assess air quality against them. The locations where the AQS objectives apply are defined in the AQS as locations outside buildings or other natural or man-made structures above or below ground where members of the public are regularly present and might reasonably be expected to be exposed [to pollutant concentrations] over
1
Highways Agency’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1 Air Quality, May 2007, and accompanying spreadsheet DMRB Screening Method V1,03.xls. July 2007 2
Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). February 2009. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland 3
The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (2007), Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland 4
Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 5
The Air Quality Standards Regulations 2007, Statutory Instrument No 64, The Stationary Office Limited
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the relevant averaging period of the AQS objective. Typically these include residential properties and schools/care homes for longer period (i.e. annual mean) pollutant objectives and high streets for short-term (i.e. 1-hour) pollutant objectives.
Table 1– Air Quality Objectives included in the Air Quality Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management Pollutant
Objective
Benzene All authorities Authorities in England and Wales only Authorities in Scotland and Northern Ireland only 1,3 Butadiene All authorities Carbon monoxide Authorities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland only Authorities in Scotland only
Lead All authorities Nitrogen dioxide a All authorities
Concentration measured as
Date to be achieved by and maintained thereafter
16.25 μg/m3
running annual mean
31.12.2003
5.00 μg/m3
annual mean
31.12.2010
3.25 μg/m3
running annual mean
31.12.2010
2.25 μg/m3
running annual mean
10.0 μg/m3
maximum running mean
daily 8-hour 31.12.2003
10.0 μg/m3
running mean
8-hour
0.5 μg/m3
annual mean
31.12.2004
0.25 μg/m3 annual mean 200 µg/m3, not to be exceeded hourly mean more than 18 times a year
31.12.2008
40 µg/m3
annual mean
31.12.2005
50 µg/m , not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year
24 hour mean
31.12.2004
40 µg/m3
annual mean
31.12.2004
31.12.2003
31.12.2003
31.12.2005
3
Particles (PM10) (gravimetric) b All authorities Authorities Scotland only c
50 μg/m3 not to be exceeded 24 hour mean in more than 7 times a year
Sulphur dioxide All authorities
18 μg/m3 350 μg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 125 μg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year 266 μg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year
31.12.2010
annual mean
31.12.2010
1 hour mean
31.12.2004
24 hour mean
31.12.2004
15 minute mean
31.12.2005
a EU Limit values in respect of nitrogen dioxide to be achieved by 1st January 2010. There are, in addition, separate EU limit values for carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, lead and PM10, to be achieved by 2005, and benzene by 2010. b Measured using the European gravimetric transfer sampler or equivalent. c These 2010 air quality objectives for PM10 apply in Scotland only, as set out in the Air Quality (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2002.
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1.4
Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)
As established by the Environment Act 1995 Part IV, all local authorities in the UK are under a statutory duty to undertake an air quality assessment within their area and determine whether they are likely to meet the air quality objectives set down by Government for a number of pollutants. The process of review and assessment of air quality undertaken by local authorities is set out under the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) regime and involves a phased three yearly assessment of local air quality. Where the results of the review and assessment process highlight that problems in the attainment of health-based objectives for air quality will arise, the authority is required to declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) – a geographic area defined by high levels of pollution and exceedences of health-based standards. The LAQM regime was first set down in the 1997 National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS)6 and introduced the idea of local authority ‘Review and Assessment’. The Government subsequently published policy and technical guidance related to the review and assessment processes in 1998. This guidance has since been reviewed and the latest documents include Policy Guidance (LAQM.PG (09))7 and Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG (09))8. The guidance lays down a progressive, but continuous, framework for the local authorities to carry out their statutory duties to monitor, assess and review air quality in their area and produce action plans to meet the air quality objectives. Defra and the Devolved Administrations released the latest Policy and Technical Guidance in February 2009, in anticipation of the fourth round of review and assessment. The fourth round begins with this Updating and Screening Assessment, required to be completed by local authorities by the end of April 2009, and builds upon the Council’s previous work in the first three rounds.
1.5
Summary of Review and Assessment undertaken by Medway Council
The Council undertook Stages 1, 2 and 3 of the first round of review and assessment of air quality between 1998 and 2000. These assessments predicted exceedences of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean objective and the particulate (PM10) 24-hour mean objective in the urban area adjacent to certain parts of the road network. This led to the declaration of the Medway Air Quality Management Area in January 2002. The findings of a further review and assessment (stage four) were published in December 2002. This identified more extensive areas of exceedence for the NO2 annual mean objective and a significantly reduced area for the PM10 24-hour mean objective. Following consultation with Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), a detailed mapping exercise determined that public exposure was unlikely in the areas predicted to exceed the PM10 objective. The original AQMA was revoked and new declarations were made in May 2004. The locations of the AQMAs are shown in the figures below. Medway’s Air Quality Action Plan was published in July 2005. The second round of local authority review and assessment commenced in 2003 with the Updating and Screening Assessment (USA). Medway Council completed the first round USA in May 2003 with the conclusion that there was no requirement to go on to the detailed stage, as there were no exceedences of prescribed objectives outside the existing AQMA declaration. This outcome triggered the requirement for the Council to publish progress reports in 2004 and 2005. Medway Council published its second round USA in May 2006, with the conclusion that there was no requirement to go on to the detailed stage as the pollutants predicted to exceed air quality objectives were already in the AQMAs declared in 2004. However, the USA recommended five new sites for NO2 monitoring using passive diffusion tubes and that existing diffusion tubes were relocated to the
6
DoE, 1997, ‘The United Kingdom National Air Quality Strategy’, The Stationary Office
7
Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09) (2009), Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, Local Air Quality Management, Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland, The Stationery Office
8
Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09) (2009), Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, Local Air Quality Management, Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland, The Stationery Office
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nearest residential façade and these changes were made to the diffusion tube network in 2006. This outcome triggered the requirement for the Council to publish progress reports in 2007 and 2008. Figure 1 – Chatham Centre AQMA
Figure 2 – Strood Centre AQMA
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Figure 3 – Cuxton Road AQMA
Figure 4 – Frindsbury Road AQMA
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Figure 5 – Maidstone Road AQMA
Figure 6 – Rochester Centre AQMA
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MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
2 Updating and Screening Assessment Methodology The Updating and Screening Assessment is intended to identify any significant changes that may have occurred since the previous rounds of Review and Assessment were completed. This includes new monitoring data, new or changed emissions sources (either locally or in neighbouring authorities), or any other local changes that might affect air quality e.g. new relevant exposure. The assessment builds on the previous Review and Assessment work undertaken by local authorities. The Updating and Screening Assessment involves a checklist approach that considers all significant emissions sources relevant to the Air Quality Objectives. The checklists are broadly the same as in the previous rounds, but have been re-ordered so that they follow a source-by-source rather than pollutant-by-pollutant approach. This is to reduce repetition within the screening process for those local authorities that do not have all the listed sources within their area. These can more easily be discounted at an early stage. A summary of the emission source categories for the Updating and Screening checklists is provided below. The detailed checklists for each source type are then set out in the following sections, as per the methodology provided in Chapter 5 of the Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09). The air quality assessment for road traffic emissions sources has been undertaken using the Highways Agency’s DMRB1 model. NO2 concentrations have been calculated based on the updated NOX:NO2 conversion method provided on behalf of Defra as part of the LAQM.TG(09) tools. For other sources, the checklist approach to screening and relevant LAQM.TG(09) nomograms have been utilised.
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Table 2– Summary of emission sources and relevant pollutants to be considered as part of the Updating and Screening Assessment Reference No. Emission sources to be assessed A. Road Transport Sources A.1 Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb A.2 Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or more close to traffic A.3 Roads with a high flow of buses and/or HGVs. A.4 Junctions (including busy roads and junctions in Scotland and Northern Ireland) A.5 New roads constructed since the last round of review and assessment A.6 Roads/junctions identified as being close to the objective during the previous round of review and assessment A.7 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows A.8
Bus and coach stations
Relevant Pollutants Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioxide, PM10 Nitrogen dioxide, PM10 Nitrogen dioxide, PM10 Nitrogen dioxide, PM10 Nitrogen dioxide, PM10 Nitrogen dioxide
B: Other transport sources B.1
Airports
Nitrogen dioxide
B.2
Railway (diesel and steam trains)
B.3
Ports (shipping)
Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide
C: Industrial sources C.1 C.2
Industrial processes (new processes and Benzene, 1,3-butadiene, those with significantly increased emissions) lead, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, PM10 Major petrol storage depots Benzene
C.3
Petrol Stations
Benzene
C.4
Poultry farms
PM10
D: Commercial and domestic sources D.1 Biomass combustion
Nitrogen dioxide, PM10
D.2
Sulphur dioxide
Domestic solid-fuel burning
E: Fugitive or uncontrolled sources E.1 Quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal mining, PM10 waste transfer sites, materials handling (i.e. ports, major construction sites)
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2.1 2.1.1
Input Data Traffic data
Medway Council provided the annual average daily traffic flow (AADT) and speed data used in this assessment. Where speed data has not been available, speeds have been based on speed limits, modified according to local conditions to take account of congestion and stop/start vehicle movements at junctions. Speeds were reduced at busy junctions to 20kph to reflect the higher emissions of queuing traffic. Appendix 1 contains the tabular summary of traffic data provided for the Updating and Screening Assessment for use in the DMRB model.
2.1.2
Background concentrations
The DMRB model calculates the pollutant concentrations due to road traffic emissions only. The user must then add the background concentrations (arising from sources other than traffic) to derive the total pollutant concentrations at the relevant receptors modelled. The background concentrations can be obtained either from appropriate monitoring stations or from Defra maps of modelled background pollutant concentrations. These maps are available at a resolution of 1x1 km for the entire UK. Maps are provided for future years’ background pollutant concentrations. The maps can be obtained from the UK Air Quality Information Archive9. The maps have been updated from the previous round of review and assessment as part of the LAQM.TG (09) tools released in February 2009. Background concentrations used in the DMRB model runs are shown in Appendix 4.
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3 New Monitoring Data Section 3 reviews and assesses all new monitoring data in order to determine whether the air quality objectives are at risk of exceedence.
3.1
Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
Figure 7 – Map of monitoring sites in Medway
3.1.1
Automatic Monitoring Sites
This section provides details of automatic monitoring carried out in 2008, the year covered by this report. Table 3– Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites
Site Name
Rochester Stoke (AURN) Chatham Roadside Chatham Luton Background
Site Type
OS Grid Ref (x,y)
Pollutants Monitored
In AQMA?
Relevant Exposure? (Y/N with distance (m) to relevant exposure)
Rural background
X=583133 Y=176220
PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, SO2
No
Y-0m
N/A
No
Roadside
X=577487 Y=166947
PM10, NO2
No
Y-0m
4m
No
Urban Background
X=577101 Y=166646
CO, PM10, NO2, O3, SO2
No
Y-0m
N/A
No
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Distance to kerb of nearest road (N/A if not applicable)
Worstcase Location?
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MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
There is automatic monitoring of nitrogen dioxide undertaken by Medway Council at all three automatic sites in the area, Rochester Stoke (AURN) rural background site, Chatham roadside site and, Chatham Luton background site. There are triplicate NO2 diffusion tubes co-located the three sites, which provide co-location data for calculation of the bias adjustment factor. There is also continuous monitoring of particles (PM10) undertaken by Medway Council at all three automatic sites in the area, using a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM), and additionally PM2.5 at the Stoke Rural site. A carbon monoxide (CO) analyser is also located at the Chatham Luton Background monitoring site (the only background site for this pollutant in the Kent and Medway Air Quality Monitoring Network (K&MAQMN)). The two background sites additionally have continuous monitoring of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) which allow consideration of regional pollution issues in the area. SO2 is measured using an ultra violet fluorescent analyser, ozone is measured by ultra violet absorption and CO is measured using infrared absorption. The Council calibrates the sites every two weeks and SupportingU services the stations 6 monthly. The Stoke Rural site QA/QC procedures are equivalent to the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) procedures. The QA/QC procedures for the other two sites are those of the Kent and Medway Air Quality Monitoring Network (K&MAQMN). The K&MAQMN procedures are equivalent to the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) procedures, with the exception of the following: Calibration of NOX analysers with NO gas (AURN also use NO2) Data checks are done once daily and downloads are done twice daily (AURN are hourly) Independent audits of the stations are undertaken annually (AURN are 6 monthly). K&MAQMN managers AEA ratify the data for these sites. The ratified monitoring results for 2006 2008 for these sites are tabulated below.
3.1.2
Non-Automatic Monitoring Data
Details of the non-automatic monitoring undertaken in the district are shown below.
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Table 4– Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites Relevant Distance to Exposure? kerb of (Y/N with In nearest distance AQMA? road (m) to (N/A if not relevant applicable) exposure)
Worstcase Location?
Site Type
Pollutant monitored
581568 165953
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
2.5m
No
573470 169283
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
2.5m
No
573793 169164
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
2.1m
No
577101 166646 Background
NO2
No
Y-0m
N/A
No
576565 167336
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
2.9m
No
577419 166501
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
2.0m
No
574592 168087
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
3.3m
No
573078 168908
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
4.2m
No
575642 167779
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
5.5m
No
577434 166993
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
3.3m
No
574791 164617
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
10.3m
No
575683 167691
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
8.2m
No
576003 167902
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
10.5m
No
576395 167497
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
3.1m
No
573866 169647
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
3.1m
No
583164 176313
Rural background
NO2
No
Y-0m
N/A
No
574518 168470
Roadside
NO2
No
Y-0m
7.7m
No
574524 168462
Roadside
NO2
Yes
Y-0m
8.3m
No
576453 169686
Roadside
NO2
No
N
4.1m
No
Location
X
High Street, Rainham High Street, Strood (Tanning Shop) High Street, Strood (Southern Heating) Luton School, Chatham (triplicate) Luton Road (Funeral Directors) Luton High Street No 27 Star Hill No 18 Cuxton Road No 92 Railway Street Chatham Girls School (Triplicate) Highview Road No 2 New Road/Gibralter Hill The Brook Chatham High Street (Orbit Housing) Frindsbury Road No 28 Stoke Prim School (Triplicate) Pier Road Corporation Street Compass Centre Chatham
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MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
3.1.2.1 Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube data Outside the continuous monitoring network, Medway Council undertook monitoring at 19 NO2 diffusion tubes sites in 2008. The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Harwell Scientifics utilising the 50% Triethanolamine (TEA) in acetone preparation method. Harwell Scientifics participate in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for NO2 diffusion tube analysis and the Annual Field Inter-Comparison Exercise. These provide strict performance criteria for participating laboratories to meet, thereby ensuring NO2 concentrations reported are of a high calibre. The lab follows the procedures set out in the Harmonisation Practical Guidance. With regard to the application of a bias adjustment factor for the diffusion tubes, the technical guidance LAQM.TG (09) and Review and Assessment Helpdesk recommends use of a local bias adjustment factor where available and relevant to diffusion tube sites. Medway Council has three (triplicate) diffusion tube co-location studies at the three automatic monitoring sites. For 2008, the bias adjustment factor has been calculated as 0.6 at the Stoke rural background site (based on 10 periods of good data capture), 0.82 at the Chatham Luton urban background site (based on 11 months good data capture) and 0.78 at the Chatham Roadside site (based on 12 periods of good data capture). The two urban co-location studies are similar and reflect the type of diffusion tube sites in the area for which the bias adjustment factor will be applied. A bias adjustment factor of 0.8 has therefore been calculated from these two sites; the studies have been combined using the methodology set out on the Review and Assessment website9. The full calculations of bias adjustment for each local colocation study are shown in Appendix 2. For 2006 and 2007 data, the bias adjustment results have been taken from the Council’s previous LAQM annual progress reports.
9
9
http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/no2dtmethodology.pdf
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3.2
Comparison of Monitoring Results with AQ Objectives
3.2.1
Nitrogen dioxide
3.2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Data The 2008 data shows there continues to be no exceedence of the nitrogen dioxide objectives at the automatic monitoring sites. Table 5– Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Annual mean concentrations (g/m3) Location Rochester Stoke (AURN) Rural Background Chatham Roadside
Chatham Luton Background
Within AQMA?
No
No
No
Description Hourly Mean > 200 µgm3 (18 times per year permitted) Annual mean (Objective 40g/m3) %Data capture Hourly Mean > 200 µgm3 (18 times per year permitted) Annual mean (Objective 40g/m3) %Data capture Hourly Mean > 200 µgm3 (18 times per year permitted) Annual mean (Objective 40g/m3) %Data capture
2006
2007
2008
0
0
0
20
18
18
93
97
97
0
0
0
32
34
33
92
96
100
0
0
0
23
26
23
93
98
98
*Data for all years has been fully ratified. Exceedences of the air quality objectives are shown in bold.
3.2.1.2 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data The nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube data are summarised in the table below. The full dataset (monthly mean values) are included in Appendix 3. The 2008 diffusion tube results show eleven sites exceeding the annual mean NO2 objective. Of these, five are within existing AQMAs. Five of the remaining six sites are roadside sites along areas currently undergoing a Detailed Assessment in 2009: High Street, Rainham High Street, Strood (Tanning Shop) Luton Road (Funeral Directors) Chatham High Street (Orbit Housing) Pier Road, Gillingham The remaining site at the Compass Centre was ceased in June 2008, as there is no relevant exposure at this location. With respect to the hourly NO2 objective, there could be a potential risk of exceedence of this shortterm objective, where the annual mean NO2 concentration is >60g/m3. There are no monitoring sites in the district with concentrations above 60g/m3.
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Table 6– Results of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes (µg/m3)
Location
Within AQMA?
Data Capture 2008 %
Annual mean concentrations (g/m3) adjusted for bias 2006
2007
2008
53 48 High Street, Rainham No 75 33 High Street, Strood (Tanning 50 47 No 92 Shop) High Street, Strood (Southern 53 57 Yes 83 43 Heating) Luton School, Chatham (triplicate) No 92 22 26 23 43 43 Luton Road (Funeral Directors) No 92 Luton High Street No 27 No 100 40 35 53 59 53 Star Hill No 18 Yes 100 46 45 43 Cuxton Road No 92 Yes 100 49 47 Railway Street Yes 100 Chatham Girls School (triplicate) No 100 32 34 33 Highview Road No 2 Yes 100 29 28 26 45 New Road/Gibralter Hill Yes 92 38 40 The Brook No 100 34 30 Chatham High Street (Orbit 47 47 No 100 30 Housing) 45 43 Frindsbury Road No 28 Yes 100 32 Stoke Primary School (triplicate) No 100 21 19 24 48 46 Pier Road, Gillingham No 92 Corporation Street Yes 100 36 34 50 46 Compass Centre Chatham* No 50* *Less than 9 month’s data capture (75%), annualisation undertaken using five background sites in the Kent & Medway air quality monitoring network (Canterbury, Rochester Stoke, Thanet Airport, Tunbridge Wells Town 3 Centre, Swale Sheerness). Exceedences of the annual mean objective of 40g/m are shown in bold.
3.2.2
Particles (PM10)
There is currently continuous monitoring of particles (PM10) undertaken by Medway Council at all three automatic monitoring sites using a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). LAQM.TG (09) sets out the calculation required for TEOM results using the Volatile Correction Model (VCM) to estimate gravimetric equivalence. This replaces use of the previous 1.3 factor. Data for 2008 has been corrected using the VCM model.
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Table 7– Summary Sheet from Volatile Correction Model Rochester Stoke Rural
Summary Start Date End Date TEOM data already corrected with 1.3 factor EPA Constant A EPA Constant B Instrument Temperature Instrument Pressure Instrument reports to local ambient readings Timescale Pressure Site Pressure Site Warning Temperature Site Temperature Site Warning FDMS Site 1 FDMS Site 1 Warning FDMS Site 2 FDMS Site 2 Warning FDMS Site 3 FDMS Site 3 Warning
Chatham Chatham Luton Roadside Background 01/01/2008 01/01/2009 No 3 1.03 25 1013 No Daily Thurrock 3 - Stanford-le-Hope (TK3) Thurrock 3 - Stanford-le-Hope (TK3)
Bexley 7 (F) - Thames Rd North (BX6) Correction includes unratified data. Tower Hamlets 4 - Blackwall (TH4) Correction includes unratified data. Chichester Roadside FDMS (CI3) Correction includes unratified data. Distant site (121km to Stoke Rural, 111km to Chatham Roadside and 110km to Chatham Luton Background)
The 2008 results in Tables 8 and 9 below show that the PM10 objectives are continuing to be met at these sites. Data for all years has been fully ratified. For 2008, data is VCM corrected; data in brackets shows the annual mean corrected by 1.3, as per previous methodology. Data for previous years is shown for comparison purposes and has the 1.3 correction factor applied. Table 8– Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Within AQMA?
Data Capture 2008 %
Rochester Stoke (AURN) Rural Background
No
Chatham Roadside Chatham Luton Background
Location
Annual mean concentrations (g/m3) 2006
2007
2008
98
22
23
18 (22)
No
100
28
26
21 (24)
No
94
23
23
18 (19)
Table 9– Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective
Location
Rochester Stoke (AURN) Rural Background Chatham Roadside Chatham Luton Background Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
Within AQMA?
Data Capture 2008 %
Number of Exceedences of 24-hour mean (50 g/m3)
If data capture < 90%, include the 90th %ile of hourly means in brackets.
2006
2007
2008
No
98
6
8
3 (3)
No No
100 94
13 6
13 12
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MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
3.2.3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
There is currently continuous monitoring of sulphur dioxide (SO2) undertaken by Medway Council at two locations in the area at Rochester Stoke rural background and Chatham Luton background. The 2008 results show that the SO2 objectives are continuing to be met at these sites. Table 10– Results of Automatic Monitoring for Sulphur dioxide: Comparison with Objectives
Location
Within AQMA?
Rochester Stoke Rural
No
Chatham Luton Background
No
Description 15 Minute mean > 266 µgm3 for more than 35 15-minute periods Hourly mean > 350 µgm3 for more than 24 hours Daily Mean > 125 µgm3 for more than 3 days % Data Capture 15 Minute mean > 266 µgm3 for more than 35 15-minute periods Hourly mean > 350 µgm3 for more than 24 hours Daily Mean > 125 µgm3 for more than 3 days % Data Capture
2006
2007
2008
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
97
98
(85)
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(81)
(89)
96
*Data for all years has been fully ratified. Exceedences are highlighted in bold. Data capture below the recommended 90% is shown in brackets.
3.2.4
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
There is currently continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide (CO) undertaken by Medway Council at one location in the area at Chatham Luton background. The 2008 results show that the CO objective is continuing to be met at this site. Table 11– Results of Automatic Monitoring for carbon monoxide: Comparison with Objective
Location
Within AQMA?
Chatham Luton Background
No
Description
2006
2007
2008
8-hour running mean > 10 mgm-3
0
0
0
(74)
95
95
% Data Capture
*Data for all years has been fully ratified. Exceedences are highlighted in bold. Data capture below the recommended 90% is shown in brackets.
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4 Road Traffic Sources The air quality assessment for road traffic emissions sources has been undertaken using the Highways Agency’s DMRB1 model. The DMRB inputs and results are shown in Appendices 4 - 5.
4.1
Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb
The criteria for assessment of narrow streets with residential properties close to the kerb have changed since the previous round of Review and Assessment, and therefore this source has been reassessed. The criteria are listed below: Daily traffic flow (AADT) should be around 5,000 vehicles/day or more. A congested street will be one with slow moving traffic that is frequently stopping and starting due to pedestrian crossings, parked vehicles etc throughout much of the day (not just during rush hours). The average speed is likely to be less than about 25 kph (15 mph). A narrow street will be one with residential properties within 2 m of the kerb, and buildings on both sides of the road (the buildings on the other side of the road can be further from the road than 2 m). The assessment need only consider nitrogen dioxide. Two roads were identified (outside existing AQMAs) as potential narrow congested streets where the traffic flows are >5000 vehicles/day. Luton Road, Chatham A231 High Street, Chatham (section between Medway Street and Star Hill). Luton Road is currently being assessed as part of the Detailed Assessment 2009. Monitoring has indicted a potential risk of exceedence in this area. The A231 Medway Street (High Street) has been run through DMRB as a street canyon (by doubling the NO2 roads concentration from the NOX: NO2 model prior to adding background). The predicted annual mean concentrations is 38g/m3; it is therefore recommended that monitoring be undertaken where there is relevant exposure to confirm compliance with the annual mean objective.
Medway Council has assessed narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb and concluded that a Detailed Assessment is not required beyond the areas currently under assessment in the Detailed Assessment 2009. A recommendation has been made to undertake monitoring of annual mean NO2 along the A231 High Street, Chatham.
4.2
Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or more close to traffic
There are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic. Existing non-pedestrianised high street locations, such as Strood (AQMA), have already been assessed in previous rounds. High Street, Rainham is currently being assessed within the Detailed Assessment 2009 with respect to annual mean NO2 concentrations. Monitoring data suggests the hourly NO2 objective is unlikely to be exceeded.
Medway Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.
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4.3
Roads with a high flow of buses and/or Heavy Goods Vehicles
Traffic data assessed for the Updating and Screening Assessment show one road with high flows of buses and heavy goods vehicles >20%. A228 Malmaynes Hall Road has >25% HDV, but less than 7,000 annual average daily traffic (AADT) flows. There are less than 2500 HDV movements per day to warrant further consideration with respect to likely exceedences of prescribed objectives.
Medway Council has assessed new/newly identified roads with high flows of buses and/or heavy goods vehicles and have concluded that no Detailed Assessment is required.
4.4
Junctions
Medway Council has not identified any new junctions with relevant exposure that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds. A new junction has been constructed for Morrisons in Strood since the last round, but there is no relevant exposure at this location.
Medway Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy junctions.
4.5
New roads constructed or proposed since the last round of Review and Assessment
Medway Council confirms that there are no new/proposed roads.
4.6
Roads with significantly changed traffic
Traffic data assessed for the Updating and Screening Assessment show two roads with significantly changed traffic flows of 25% or more since the last round: A231 Best Street (25% reduction) and A2 Chatham Hill (25% increase). Chatham Hill has been assessed using DMRB and the predicted results indicate prescribed objectives continue to be met at locations of relevant exposure. In addition, there has been new traffic count data made available since the previous round at sites not previously assessed. These have been run through DMRB, where relevant, to confirm compliance with the objective. The results as shown in Appendix 5 show the prescribed objectives are predicted to be met.
Medway Council has assessed new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic flows and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.
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4.7
Bus and coach stations
The assessment considers both nitrogen dioxide and PM10 emissions at bus stations that are not enclosed with >2500 movements per day. There are no bus or coach stations that meet these criteria in the local authority area. A new enclosed bus station is proposed for Chatham town centre, but there is no start date yet for this development.
Medway Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local Authority area.
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5 Other Transport Sources 5.1
Airports
The assessment for airports considers nitrogen dioxide. If there are no airports in the Local Authority area, there is no need to proceed further with this part.
Medway Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority area.
5.2
Railways (diesel and steam trains)
The assessment for stationary trains considers sulphur dioxide emissions, while the assessment for moving diesel trains considers nitrogen dioxide emissions. If there are no railways carrying diesel or steam trains in the Local Authority area, there is no need to proceed further with this part.
5.2.1
Stationary Trains
Medway Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m.
5.2.2
Moving Trains
Medway Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.
5.3
Ports (shipping)
The assessment for shipping considers sulphur dioxide emissions at busy ports with 5,000 and 15,000 movements per year and relevant exposure within 250 metres. If there are no ports or shipping, there is no need to proceed further with this part.
Medway Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within the Local Authority area.
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6 Industrial Sources 6.1
Industrial Installations
The assessment of industrial installations considers all of the regulated pollutants, although those most at risk of requiring further work are sulphur dioxide, NO2, PM10 and benzene. A list of new industrial processes in the district is provided in Appendix 6.
6.1.1
New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has been carried out
Medway Council has screened industrial processes permitted by the Council and Environment Agency and confirmed that there are no new industrial processes since the previous round of review and assessment which fit this criteria.
Medway Council confirms that there are no new or proposed installations for which an air quality assessment has been carried out.
6.1.2
Existing Installations where emissions have increased substantially or new relevant exposure has been introduced
Medway Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.
6.1.3
New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment
There are seventeen newly permitted Part B processes since the last round of review and assessment. These include dry cleaners, a quarry screening process, a powder coating process and a mobile crushing & screening process. These are not new sources in the district, but they are newly permitted. There are no significant emission releases from these processes relevant to the AQS objectives.
Medway Council has assessed new/proposed industrial installations, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.
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6.2
Major fuel (petrol) storage depots
The assessment considers benzene, with respect to the 2010 objective. There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area.
6.3
Petrol stations
The assessment considers benzene, with respect to the 2010 objective. Large petrol stations, where annual throughput is more than 2000 m3 of petrol (2 million litres per annum), and with a busy road nearby of >30000 annual average daily traffic flows, require consideration with respect to relevant exposure within 10m of the pump.
Medway Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the specified criteria.
6.4
Poultry farms
Farms housing in excess of: 400,000 birds if mechanically ventilated, 200,000 birds if naturally ventilated, and 100,000 birds for any turkey unit, require consideration in this assessment, to establish whether there is relevant exposure within 100m of the poultry units. The assessment needs to consider only PM10.
Medway Council confirms that there are no poultry farms in the local authority area meeting the specified criteria.
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7 Commercial and Domestic Sources 7.1 7.1.1
Biomass combustion Biomass combustion - individual installations
The assessment considers both PM10 and nitrogen dioxide objectives. There are currently no biomass combustion processes in the district, which meet this criteria.
Medway Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plants in the Local Authority area, which meet this criteria.
7.1.2
Biomass combustion – combined impacts (PM10 emissions)
Medway Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plants in the Local Authority area which meet this criteria.
7.2
Domestic solid-fuel burning (sulphur dioxide emissions)
The assessment considers sulphur dioxide emissions (only) from significant areas of residential properties that use solid fuel to heat their houses. ‘Significant’ areas are those of about 500 x 500 m with more than 50 houses burning coal/smokeless fuel as their primary source of heating. PM10 from domestic solid fuel burning is covered under the Biomass combustion – combined impacts section above.
Medway Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in the Local Authority area.
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8 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources The assessment of fugitive and uncontrolled sources considers the PM10 objectives. This included consideration to quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal mining, waste transfer sites, and materials handling (i.e. ports, major construction sites). Only locations not covered by previous rounds of review and assessment, or where there is new relevant exposure, require consideration. In the case of proposed new sources, these are only required to be considered if planning approval has been granted. There are no new/substantially changed sources identified, except potential dust from construction sites in the area. These are controlled through dust management plans and are considered unlikely to be significant with respect to the prescribed objectives for PM10, although may cause occasional nuisance issues. Major construction projects include Pier Road which is ongoing (First phase student accommodation and hotel is likely to be completed by September 2009); and the Waterside development, Chatham, which is also ongoing. The latter has had occasional dust nuisance complaints from the Marina. Rochester Riverside is a major construction project planned in the area, but has longer-term timescales.
Medway Council confirms that there are no potential sources of fugitive particulate matter emissions in the Local Authority area likely to lead to exceedences of the prescribed objectives for PM10.
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9 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 9.1
Conclusions from new monitoring data
The Updating and Screening Assessment review of new monitoring data has shown that exceedences continue to occur in five of the six existing AQMAs. There were no exceedences in the Maidstone Road AQMA, which has shown concentrations below the annual mean NO2 objective for the last three years. Outside of areas declared as Air Quality Management Areas, exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective were measured at five locations in Medway, where there is relevant exposure. These sites are currently being assessed within the Detailed Assessment 2009.
9.2
Conclusions from assessment of sources
The Updating and Screening Assessment has reviewed new and significantly changed sources in the district. There are no significant new or substantially changed sources that warrant a detailed assessment. A231 High Street, Chatham (section between Medway Street and Star Hill) was identified (outside existing AQMAs) as a potential narrow congested street where the traffic flows are >5000 vehicles/day. This has been run through DMRB as a street canyon and the predicted NO2 annual mean concentration is 38g/m3; it is therefore recommended that monitoring be undertaken where there is relevant exposure to confirm compliance with the annual mean objective.
9.3
Proposed Actions
Proposed actions arising from the Updating and Screening Assessment are as follows: Take forward the recommendations of the Detailed Assessment 2009, which will consider the five monitoring sites outside the declared AQMAs where exceedences of the annual mean objective were measured in 2008; Undertake additional monitoring of NO2 at the nearest residential exposure to the A231 High Street, Chatham where predicted DMRB annual mean concentrations are above 36g/m3 and the criteria for narrow congested streets have been met. Progress to a 2010 Annual Progress Report by April 2010.
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10 References Highways Agency’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1 Air Quality, May 2007, and accompanying spreadsheet DMRB Screening Method V1,03.xls. July 2007 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). February 2009. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09). February 2009. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland Medway Council 2008 Local Air Quality Management Annual Progress Report Medway Council 2007 Local Air Quality Management Annual Progress Report Medway Council 2006 Local Air Quality Management Updating and Screening Assessment
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APPENDICES Appendix 1 Site Ref
Data source
Traffic data Location
X
Y
%HDV *
AADT 2008
Speed (mph)
Previously Assessed?
Substantial Assessed in change USA 2009 since USA using DMRB? 2006 (25%)? Yes, 25% No reduction
Reason for assessment
-
DFT
A231 Best Street
575880
167650
5.6
11623
-
Yes
-
DFT
A2 The Brook
576020
167850
3.4
19150
-
Yes
-
DFT
A229 City Road
574780
166000
3.1
13294
-
Yes
No
No
Change to two-way. Treated as street canyon. N/A
-
DFT
A228 Cuxton Road
573000
168800
5.3
17230
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A228 Cuxton Road
572500
167920
5.3
15677
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A228 Cuxton Road
573300
169140
6.1
7603
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A231 Dock Road
576000
169000
5.1
26951
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A228 Four Elms Hill
575461
171564
9.1
31379
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A228 Frindsbury Road
574150
170000
4.1
17039
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A231 Globe Lane
575750
168080
7.5
18703
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT DFT DFT
A226 Gravesend Road A226 Gravesend Road A228 Gun Lane
572730 572300 573550
169700 170310 169390
3.4 3 3
7782 7872 6794
-
Yes Yes Yes
No No No
No No No
N/A N/A N/A
-
DFT
A2 High Street, Rochester
573936
169000
4.7
34203
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A2 High Street, Strood
573480
169270
4.5
21250
-
Yes
No
No
-
DFT
A2 High Street, Chatham
576300
167560
2.1
20870
-
No
N/A
Yes
-
DFT
A2 High Street, Rainham
582260
165760
4.2
15506
-
No
N/A
Yes
-
DFT
A278 Hoath Way
580000
163000
5.1
32977
-
Yes
No
No
N/A Relevant exposure; treated as street canyon. Being assessed in Detailed Assessment 2009. N/A
-
DFT
A278 Hoath Way
579650
165000
5.1
34955
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A230 Horsted Way
575000
165200
3
22436
-
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
DFT A228 Knight Road 573450 168950 5.9 11936 No N/A No *Heavy duty vehicles (HDV) >20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.
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N/A
N/A No relevant exposure
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 1 (Continued) - Traffic data
Data source
Location
X
Y
%HDV *
-
DFT
A2 London Road
573000
169330
2.9
19172
-
Yes
Substantial change since USA 2006 (25%)? No
-
DFT
A2 London Road
580000
166400
4
24763
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A229 Maidstone Road
574760
164000
1.8
39775
-
Yes
No
No
-
DFT
A228 Malmaynes Hall Road
580060
175400
26.4
6815
-
No
N/A
No
-
DFT
A231 Medway Street
575590
168030
3.5
9914
-
No
N/A
Yes
N/A High HDV, but less than 2500 HDV per day. Treated as street canyon
-
DFT
A2 Moor Street
583000
165560
4.2
14110
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
M2
573500
165500
10.1
79556
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
M2
571390
168600
11.5
78149
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A289
572800
170920
9.6
44245
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A289
575000
170830
6.4
40038
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
M2
581160
163250
11
59502
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
M2
580012
162801
10.1
67466
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A231 Nelson Road
577558
168000
5.4
5070
-
No
N/A
No
N/A
-
DFT
A2 New Road
576000
167510
2.2
21040
-
Yes
N/A
No
N/A
-
DFT
A2 New Road
575000
167830
4.1
20906
-
Yes
N/A
No
-
DFT
A2017 North Street
573690
169320
6.8
8764
-
No
N/A
No
-
DFT
A289 Pier Road
578000
169270
4.4
29795
-
Yes
No
No
N/A 20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
35
Assessed in USA 2009 Reason for assessment using DMRB? No N/A
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 1 (Continued) - Traffic data
-
DFT
A2 Star Hill
574632
168000
4.4
21250
-
Yes
Substantial change since USA 2006 (25%)? No
-
DFT
A2 Watling Street
572000
169480
3.3
12532
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A2 Watling Street
578000
166860
3.3
25898
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
-
DFT
A2 Watling Street
571810
169500
2.9
12955
-
Yes
No
No
N/A
W 16-01
Medway
Maidstone Road
580024
163002
5.5
7364
29.9
Yes
No
No
N/A
W16-15
Medway
577730
167051
5.3
15757
23.7
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-02
Medway
580613
168213
5.5
9811
35.4
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-03
Medway
A231 Canterbury Street B2004 Lower Rainham Road North Dane Way
577207
164464
4.9
9200
45.8
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-04
Medway
Princes Avenue
576667
164800
4.6
15614
37.6
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-05
Medway
A289 Yokosuka Way
579450
168150
7.1
19958
51.5
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-06
Medway
B2097 Rochester Road
574246
164189
7
16409
41.4
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-07
Medway
A229 City Way
574786
165900
5.2
15027
31
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-08
Medway
Wood Street
576139
169027
5.2
18289
27.8
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-09
Medway
A228 Cuxton Road
572828
168221
8.1
19369
33.2
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-11
Medway
Frindsbury Hill
574392
170280
5.9
18899
28.4
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-12
Medway
A2 Watling Street
571450
169500
7.1
16198
40.6
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-13
Medway
A289 Brompton Farm Walk
573129
170486
4.3
7964
31.6
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-14
Medway
B2004 Station Road
582429
166964
4.6
3275
28.6
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-16
Medway
575836
171785
6.5
15662
38.5
No
N/A
Yes
Relevant exposure
W19-17
Medway
574673
163217
9.8
4848
41.2
Yes
No
No
N/A
W19-18
Medway
A228 Chattenden Hill A229 Maidstone Road slip Southbound A289 Pier Road
577600
169350
9.0
21025
30.4
Yes
No
No
N/A
Site Ref
Data source
Location
X
Y
%HDV * AADT 2008
Speed (mph)
Previously Assessed?
Assessed in USA 2009 using DMRB? No
*Heavy duty vehicles (HDV) >20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
36
Reason for assessment N/A
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 1 (Continued) - Traffic data
Location
X
Y
Medway
A229 Maidstone Road
574662
163239
7.3
40188
35.5
Yes
Substantial change since USA 2006 (25%)? No
W19-20
Medway
Medway Tunnel
575795
169887
10.4
18804
46.85
No
N/A
W19-21
Medway
A278 Hoath Way
578423
173760
9.2
31390
47.95
Yes
No
W19-22
Medway
A289
571960
170850
13.5
20650
59.9
No
N/A
W19-23
Medway
A231 Dock Road
576059
169082
7.2
27189
34.5
Yes
N/A
W19-24
Medway
A2 London Road
579955
166405
5.5
24893
26.8
Yes
W20 -M4
Medway
A2 Chatham Hill
576766
167340
3.7
21927
-
Yes
N/A Yes -25% increase
W20 - M3
Medway
A2 Rochester Bridge
574085
168889
3.9
32973
-
No
N/A
W20-M2
Medway
A229 Maidstone Road
574782
164842
3
33801
-
Yes
W20-M1
Medway
A2 Moor Street Rainham
582995
165567
4.3
14993
-
Yes
Site Ref
Data source
W19-19
%HDV * AADT 2008
Speed (mph)
Previously Assessed?
37
No, no relevant exposure
No No, no relevant exposure No
Reason for assessment N/A A289 east of the tunnel previously assessed. Also, Pier Road A289 is being assessed in the Detailed Assessment 2009 N/A N/A N/A
No
N/A
Yes
Substantial change
No
No, no relevant exposure No
A2 through Rochester and Strood previously assessed. N/A
No
No
N/A
*Heavy duty vehicles (HDV) >20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
Assessed in USA 2009 using DMRB? No
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 2 -
Bias Adjustment Factor Calculations
Period
Chatham Luton Background
Start Date
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
02-Jan 30-Jan 27-Feb 02-Apr 30-Apr 28-May 02-Jul 30-Jul 03-Sep 01-Oct 29-Oct 03-Dec
End Date
30-Jan 27-Feb 02-Apr 30-Apr 28-May 02-Jul 30-Jul 03-Sep 01-Oct 29-Oct 03-Dec 08-Jan
Tube 1 µgm-3
Tube 2 µgm-3
Tube 3 µgm-3
Triplicate Mean
Standard Deviation
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
95% Confidence Interval of mean
30 40
32 39
30 40
31 40
1 1
4 2
3 2
28 31 17 19 19 24 33 37 41
30 29 16 17 17 26 32 34 42
29 26 19 20 13 25 32 35 43
29 29 17 19 16 25 32 35 42
1 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
5 9 9 8 17 2 2 4 3
3 6 4 4 7 1 1 3 3
Chatham Luton Background (based on 11 periods of data) Bias factor A 0.82 (0.77 – 0.88) Bias B 22% (14% - 31%) Diffusion Tubes Mean: 29 g/m3 6 Mean CV (Precision): Automatic Mean: 23 g/m3 98% Data Capture for periods used: Adjusted Tubes Mean: 23 (22 – 25) g/m3
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
38
Automatic Period Mean
Data Capture (% DC)
24 35 23 23 24 18 16 12 19 23 27 36
81 100 99 100 99 100 99 100 100 100 99 98
Tubes Precision Check Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
Automatic Monitor Data Capture Check Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 2 (Continued) - Bias Adjustment Factor Calculations
Period
Chatham Roadside
Start Date
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
02-Jan 30-Jan 27-Feb 02-Apr 30-Apr 28-May 02-Jul 30-Jul 03-Sep 01-Oct 29-Oct 03-Dec
End Date
30-Jan 27-Feb 02-Apr 30-Apr 28-May 02-Jul 30-Jul 03-Sep 01-Oct 29-Oct 03-Dec 08-Jan
Tube 1 µgm-3
Tube 2 µgm-3
Tube 3 µgm-3
Triplicate Mean
Standard Deviation
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
95% Confidence Interval of mean
Automatic Period Mean
Data Capture (% DC)
Tubes Precision Check
42 50
34 52 41 38 44 38 36 34 36 50 40 50
43 51 40 42 43 37 37 35 37 49 48 45
40 51 41 41 43 36 37 34 36 50 46 48
5 1 1 2 0 3 1 1 2 1 5 3
13 2 2 5 0 7 3 4 4 2 10 6
13 3 6 5 1 6 2 3 4 2 12 7
28 41 34 33 34 32 30 25 29 36 34 35
100 100 100 99 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 99
Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
42 43 33 37 33 34 51 49 49
Chatham Roadside (based on 12 periods of data) Bias factor A 0.78 (0.75 – 0.82) Bias B 28% (22% - 34%) Diffusion Tubes Mean: 42 g/m3 5 Mean CV (Precision): Automatic Mean: 33 g/m3 100% Data Capture for periods used: Adjusted Tubes Mean: 33 (31 – 34) g/m3
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
39
Automatic Monitor Data Capture Check Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 3 -
Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube results 2008
Location
High Street, Rainham High Street, Strood (Tanning Shop) High Street, Strood (Southern Heating) Luton School, Chatham (triplicate) Luton Road (Funeral Directors) Luton High Street No 27 Star Hill No 18 Cuxton road No 92 Railway Street Chatham Girls School (triplicate) Highview Road No 2 New Road/Gibralter Hill The Brook Chatham High Street (Orbit Housing) Frindsbury Road No 28 Stoke Prim School (triplicate) Pier Road Corporation Street Compass Centre Chatham
X
Y
Site type
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Corrected Annual Mean 2008
575683
167691
R
-
-
-
68
48
61
57
57
56
73
60
64
60
48
573470
169283
R
53
67
58
67
64
53
43
44
-
62
65
68
59
47
573793
169164
R
55
67
-
79
91
72
58
-
74
74
66
78
71
57
577101
166646
B
31
40
-
29
29
17
19
16
25
32
35
42
29
23
576565
167336
R
50
60
-
59
56
53
48
37
52
58
55
61
53
43
577419 574592 573078 575642
166501 168087 168908 167779
R R R R
42 69 48 63
53 74 58 66
42 65 52 56
45 77 62 68
58 68 68 61
40 67 54 57
34 62 44 56
31 59 41 50
34 60 52 58
45 68 56 58
49 61 55 54
57 73 53 55
44 67 54 58
35 53 43 47
577434
166993
R
40
51
41
41
43
36
37
34
36
50
46
48
42
33
574791 575683 576003
164617 167691 167902
R R R
38 59 38
44 64 49
33 39
36 53 40
28 52 36
26 42 31
26 38 30
16 39 27
29 44 34
33 56 44
38 53 44
36 51 35
32 50 37
26 40 30
576395
167497
R
62
66
57
64
52
56
53
54
53
66
57
62
58
47
573866 583164 574518 574524 576453
169647 176313 168470 168462 169686
R B R R R
54 39 66 40 59
65 40 73 52 61
53 31 57 42 55
57 29 62 47 68
66 31 50 50 63
45 19 55 39 57
42 21 49 35 -
42 18 49 31 -
52 22 49 39 -
55 35
53 32 63 49 -
56 35 61 47 -
53 29 58 43 60
43 24 46 34 46
R= Roadside, B=Background. Exceedences of the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold.
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
Average
40
46 -
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 4 -
Site Ref
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
DMRB Assessment Inputs
Road Name
Receptor
A2 The Brook A2 High Street, Chatham A2 High Street, Rainham A231 Medway Street A228 Rochester Road, North Halling A228 Chattenden Hill A2 Chatham Hill
85 The Brook 346 High Street, Chatham 128 High Street, Rainham 56 High Street, Chatham 7 Rochester Road, North Halling 2 Broadwood Road 56 Chatham Hill
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
Distance to receptor (m)
Background Concentrations AADT (2008)
% HDV
Speed (kph)
Street canyon?
2008 NOX Annual Mean (µg/m3)
2008 NO2 Annual Mean (µg/m3)
2008 PM10 Annual Mean (µg/m3)
16.7 5.5 6.6 6.0
19150 20870 15506 9914
3.4 2.1 4.2 3.5
48.3 48.3 48 20
Y Y Y Y
35.7 32.8 23.9 35.7
25.2 23.6 18.3 25.2
20.7 20.3 18.2 20.7
5.3
20074
9.9
48
N
24.2
18.5
17.9
14.0 8.5
15662 21927
6.5 3.7
61.6 38
N N
28.3 32.8
21.0 23.6
18.7 20.2
41
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 5 -
DMRB Assessment Results DMRB Assessment Results
Site Ref
Road Name
Receptor
2008 NOX Annual Mean (µg/m3)
2008 NO2 * Annual Mean (µg/m3)
2008 PM10 Annual Mean (µg/m3)
2008 Number of exceedences of 24 hour PM10
1
A2 The Brook
85 The Brook
50
37
22
7
2
A2 High Street, Chatham
346 High Street, Chatham
49
38
22
7
3
A2 High Street, Rainham
128 High Street, Rainham
43
35
20
4
4
A231 Medway Street
56 High Street, Chatham
51
38
23
8
5 6 7
A228 Rochester Road, North Halling A228 Chattenden Hill A2 Chatham Hill
7 Rochester Road, North Halling 2 Broadwood Road 56 Chatham Hill
60 48 54
33 29 32
21 21 23
5 4 8
* NO2 concentrations calculated from NOX using the LAQM.TG (09) NOX:NO2 conversion calculator.
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
42
Detailed assessment required? No. Monitoring undertaken at The Brook confirms compliance. No. This section of the High Street is being assessed within the 2009 Detailed Assessment. No No, recommend monitoring of NO2 in this section of the High Street in Chatham. No No No
MEDWAY COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009
Appendix 6 -
List of New Industrial Processes
Wm Morrisons Chaplins S& J Twydall Green Lords Cherubs Finesse Johnsons Savacentre Johnsons Strood Johnsons Rochester Quick Klean Prestige Squires Etiquette Principal
Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning
6/46(04) 6/46(04)
573600 580139
169000 164025
No No
No No
Potentially significant release with respect to AQOs? No No
Dry Cleaning
6/46(04)
579851
167165
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning
6/46(04) 6/46(04) 6/46(04)
576716 576110 575663
163329 167603 167803
No No No
No No No
No No No
No No No
No No No
No No No
Dry Cleaning
6/46(04)
579288
163422
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dry Cleaning
6/46(04)
573678
169212
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dry Cleaning
6/46(04)
574510
168251
No
No
No
No
No
No
Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning
6/46(04) 6/46(04) 6/46(04) 6/46(04) 6/46(04)
581647 576055 580811 575769 571265
166011 163051 164241 167995 169030
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
No No No No No
Bardon Aggregates
Quarry Process/screening
3/16(04)
587633
174583
No
No
No
No
No
No
Custom Whytelyne
Powder Coating Process
6/31(04)
577273
165969
No
No
No
No
No
No
3/16(04)
N/A
N/A
No
No
No
No
No
No
Process Name
KKB Plant Hire Ltd
Process Type
Mobile Crushing & Screening
Bureau Veritas Air Quality AGG07108/BV/AQ
PG Note
X
Y
New source since USA 2006?
Not new source but newly regulated
Not new but take over from Foster Yeoman Not new source but newly regulated Not new but consolidated permit
Existing process with new exposure?
Substantial change >30%?
43
Complaints?
Nomogram screening assessment required?
Detailed Assessment Required?
No No
No No
No No