US Pork Exports - National Pork Board
US Pork Exports Becca Hendricks AVP International Marketing, National Pork Board
US Share of World Exports • US is top exporter of pork in the world • EU is 2nd
Source: USDA FAS
Exports Share of Production • 23.4% of U.S. Pork (muscle cuts only) • 27% of U.S. Pork and Pork Variety Meats
Source: USDA *includes sausage casings
CI #2: Enhanced Demand Importance of Free Trade Metric Tons 2,250,000 1,950,000 1,650,000
Canada FTA NAFTA (Mexico)
1,350,000 1,050,000
WTO Uruguay Round (Japan & South Korea)
China WTO Accession Russia Pork TRQs U.S. -Taiwan Pork Deal U.S. - Korea U.S. -Colombia U.S. - Panama DR -CAFTA
750,000 450,000 150,000 0
Australia FTA
2012 Year-end Pork Exports – A New Record • $6.3 Billion – ↑3.5%
• 4.987 Billion lbs – Up slightly
Source: USDA statistics compiled by USMEF
1st Quarter 2013 Exports • $1.488 Billion
– ↓11% from Q1 2012 • 1.164 Billion pounds – ↓12% from Q1 2012 • $55/head in value
Source: USDA statistics compiled by USMEF 2013
Partners in International Trade • • • •
National Pork Board National Pork Producers Council US Meat Export Federation State Pork Associations
Serving Trade Partners • • • • • •
Consistent, high-quality, nutrient-dense meats Unparalleled food safety history Reliable, versatile supply Market development & education support Transparent, responsible production methods Producer/packer/government commitment & collaboration
Trade Access Laurie Hueneke Director of International Trade Policy, National Pork Producers Council
US Pork Industry Trade Policy • National Pork Producers Council = advocacy arm of the US pork industry which sets domestic and international policy • Use science-based trade & impact to producers bottom line/economics to guide policy setting decision-making – Work with subject-matter experts, other industry groups • Many countries erect artificial or unscientific barriers to trade called non-tariff trade barriers or ‘sanitary and phytosanitary’ (SPS) barriers – Examples: PRRS restrictions, trichinae mitigation – Violates rules agreed upon as part of the global trade agreement
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) • Asia-Pacific region free trade agreement (FTA) negotiation • 11 countries—Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, USA, Vietnam • Japan’s (almost official) joining TPP is a game changer • Most important FTA the US has ever negotiated thus far • Goal: Removal of all tariff and non-tariff barriers • Major payout is resolving sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers • Aim to reach an agreement by fall 2013, but that will be difficult as many issues still remain outstanding
Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership (TTIP) • Free trade negotiations between the US & 27-member European Union • Negotiations likely to start summer 2013 • NPPC leading lobbying effort • Major barriers to US pork exports – Tariff rate quota (TRQ) smaller than Uruguay Round minimum access – Ban on ractopamine – Trichinae mitigation requirements – Prohibition on pathogen reduction treatments (PRTs) – Plant approvals
Russia & China • Russia • Implemented complete ban on imports of US pork, beef and turkey Feb. 11 • No science-based reason • In December, Russia announced it would require pork imports from the US to show documentation that the pork does not contain ractopamine residues (Paylean) • NPPC working w/ US government to reopen market for ractopamine-free product
• China • Issued a statement asking for third party verification that US pork exports contain no ractopamine residues • Already had ban on ractopamine • Lots of volatility and uncertainty
Trichinae Countries with Trichinae Restrictions: • • • • • • • • • •
Albania Argentina (unofficial) Barbados Belarus Brazil (unofficial) Chile Croatia Colombia (lifted soon) Dominica European Union
• • • • • •
• • • •
India Kazakhstan Macedonia Peru Russia Serbia (no export certificate) Singapore South Africa Ukraine Venezuela
Impact of Trichinae Restrictions on US Pork Exports Dermot Hayes Iowa State University, Trade Consultant to NPB and NPPC
Overview • Costs associated with trichinae certification for both chilled and frozen pork • Chilled and frozen pork markets, shelf life issues and consumer preferences • How chilled and frozen pork is processed and sold • Economic costs of certification • Country specific data
Certifying Frozen Pork • Example: A customer asks to buy frozen picnics that are trichinae certified • The USDA will provide cert if it can make sure that time/temp conditions met, this requires monitoring • A third party will handle freezing and paperwork for $0.06-0.10 per pound • A special label is then used to identify the boxes that contain the certified picnics • This is added to the capital costs associated with the ownership of the meat
Testing Fresh or Chilled Pork • Example: A customer asks for chilled picnics with trichinae cert • Plant identifies a group of animals for testing so guaranteed enough picnics • The animals are slaughtered and processed separately from other animals • Sample taken from diaphragm of each of the animals and sent for testing • The lab combines a group of 100 samples and searches for trichinae larvae, if the sample is free then the carcasses are certified • Lab cost is $0.01 per pound of carcass. Paperwork and segregation costs equal $0.02 to $0.04 per pound depending on the facility, (larger facilities have higher costs), industry average is $0.044 per pound • Picnics sent to the customer and the rest of carcass sold to customers that do not require a cert
Markets for Chilled and Frozen Pork • In general, importing retail consumers prefer chilled pork and processors prefer frozen pork • Because of limited shelf life, chilled pork can only be sold to countries where shipping time and customs clearance make it feasible • Countries that currently import chilled US pork include Japan, Mexico, Canada, Taiwan and South Korea • In theory, US can export chilled pork to the EU, Russia, China and all of Central and South America
Markets Where Frozen Requirement is the Barrier • Kazakhstan, Singapore, South Africa, Ukraine • EU and Canada can provide pork to these markets without additional $0.10 per pound cost • Importers prefer spot purchases from these sources rather than the paperwork and capital costs and time associated with the US system, this further erodes the US costs advantage
Singapore Partner Country
Unit
Quantity 2010
2011
% Share 2012
2010
2011
% Change 2012/2011
2012
World
T
72,361
65,994
72,055
100.00
100.00
100.00
9.18
Brazil
T
26,962
22,565
26,993
37.26
34.19
37.46
19.63
Netherlands
T
8,088
8,991
10,932
11.18
13.62
15.17
21.60
Australia
T
12,898
11,298
9,147
17.82
17.12
12.69
- 19.04
United States
T
8,055
7,461
7,378
11.13
11.31
10.24
- 1.11
France
T
3,555
3,771
3,080
4.91
5.71
4.27
- 18.33
Denmark
T
2,222
2,091
2,522
3.07
3.17
3.50
20.59
Spain
T
396
1,294
2,466
0.55
1.96
3.42
90.65
Canada
T
4,551
2,043
2,281
6.29
3.10
3.17
11.65
Germany
T
1,199
1,132
1,942
1.66
1.71
2.69
71.57
South Africa Partner Country Unit
Quantity 2010
2011
% Share 2012
2010
2011
% Change 2012/2011
2012
World
T
26,105
32,079
32,951
100.00
100.00
100.00
2.72
Germany
T
11,083
15,896
13,304
42.45
49.55
40.38
- 16.30
Canada
T
5,816
7,831
8,135
22.28
24.41
24.69
3.89
Spain
T
1,985
2,677
4,760
7.60
8.35
14.44
77.79
France
T
3,013
2,192
1,999
11.54
6.83
6.07
- 8.82
United Kingdom
T
50
23
1,268
0.19
0.07
3.85
5413.05
Denmark
T
889
278
976
3.41
0.87
2.96
251.77
Belgium
T
1,423
1,037
803
5.45
3.23
2.44
- 22.54
Ireland
T
1,541
1,063
797
5.90
3.31
2.42
- 24.96
Netherlands
T
0
75
312
0.00
0.23
0.95
316.62
Hungary
T
99
760
300
0.38
2.37
0.91
- 60.56
United States
T
25
80
244
0.10
0.25
0.74
204.58
Markets Where Chilled Requirement is the Barrier • Argentina (unofficial), Brazil (unofficial), Chile, Cuba, Colombia (may soon be removed), Dominica, EU, Peru, Russia • Suppose that picnics account for one tenth of the carcass value then the effective barrier is $0.044 per pound multiplied by 10! • Need to request the certificate before the animal is slaughtered also imposes a cost because spot sales are prohibited (the largest US pork exporter to Mexico does not slaughter any animals), elimination of spot sales is worth about $0.10 per pound • Total cost of this system effectively keeps us out of the chilled market in the countries listed above • US has a competitive advantage in many of these countries as is evidenced by market share in frozen product
Colombia Quantity Partner Country
% Share
% Change 2012/2011
Unit 2010
2011
2012
2010
2011
2012
World
T
8,082
16,354
26,818
100.00
100.00
100.00
63.98
United States
T
3,211
7,779
13,611
39.73
47.56
50.75
74.98
Chile
T
2,250
3,879
6,765
27.83
23.72
25.22
74.41
Canada
T
2,622
4,697
6,417
32.44
28.72
23.93
36.62
China
T
0
0
25
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
Summary • Trichinae certification reduces our market share for frozen pork in all countries • Trichinae testing reduces market share or eliminates US from competition in potential chilled pork markets • This report puts a value on this problem • Solutions: – Elimination of the import requirement based on USDA designation and scientific evidence – Bring US pork industry practices and regulatory infrastructure in line with OIE standards
Global Outreach-Trichinae • USDA, NPPC and NPB developed position statement which was used to provide the US/global position • Outreach conducted to Central and South American country pork producer groups, reached out to their veterinary authorities • Results of OIE Code Commission: – Text for combination of audits and surveillance but neither separately – Consistent with an EU perspective
• Adopted in May but agreed to remain amendable • OIE agreed to continue to work on a system for national trichinae negligible risk status
Next Steps • Harmonizing OIE standards and US commercial industry's status will maintain trichinae standing • Pork organizations will continue to interact with OIE standard setting on behalf of US pork producers – More work to be done to gain negligible risk status – Open new opportunities for chilled U.S. pork – Full benefits won’t be realized for years…laying groundwork
Your Role to Ensure Continued Safe Food, Animal Health and Market Access • Trichinae prevention SOPs will also protect herd health! – Work with your veterinarian – Participate in PQA Plus and implement GPPs – Strict biosecurity – Strict rodent control
Questions?
US Share of World Exports • US is top exporter of pork in the world • EU is 2nd
Source: USDA FAS
Exports Share of Production • 23.4% of U.S. Pork (muscle cuts only) • 27% of U.S. Pork and Pork Variety Meats
Source: USDA *includes sausage casings
CI #2: Enhanced Demand Importance of Free Trade Metric Tons 2,250,000 1,950,000 1,650,000
Canada FTA NAFTA (Mexico)
1,350,000 1,050,000
WTO Uruguay Round (Japan & South Korea)
China WTO Accession Russia Pork TRQs U.S. -Taiwan Pork Deal U.S. - Korea U.S. -Colombia U.S. - Panama DR -CAFTA
750,000 450,000 150,000 0
Australia FTA
2012 Year-end Pork Exports – A New Record • $6.3 Billion – ↑3.5%
• 4.987 Billion lbs – Up slightly
Source: USDA statistics compiled by USMEF
1st Quarter 2013 Exports • $1.488 Billion
– ↓11% from Q1 2012 • 1.164 Billion pounds – ↓12% from Q1 2012 • $55/head in value
Source: USDA statistics compiled by USMEF 2013
Partners in International Trade • • • •
National Pork Board National Pork Producers Council US Meat Export Federation State Pork Associations
Serving Trade Partners • • • • • •
Consistent, high-quality, nutrient-dense meats Unparalleled food safety history Reliable, versatile supply Market development & education support Transparent, responsible production methods Producer/packer/government commitment & collaboration
Trade Access Laurie Hueneke Director of International Trade Policy, National Pork Producers Council
US Pork Industry Trade Policy • National Pork Producers Council = advocacy arm of the US pork industry which sets domestic and international policy • Use science-based trade & impact to producers bottom line/economics to guide policy setting decision-making – Work with subject-matter experts, other industry groups • Many countries erect artificial or unscientific barriers to trade called non-tariff trade barriers or ‘sanitary and phytosanitary’ (SPS) barriers – Examples: PRRS restrictions, trichinae mitigation – Violates rules agreed upon as part of the global trade agreement
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) • Asia-Pacific region free trade agreement (FTA) negotiation • 11 countries—Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, USA, Vietnam • Japan’s (almost official) joining TPP is a game changer • Most important FTA the US has ever negotiated thus far • Goal: Removal of all tariff and non-tariff barriers • Major payout is resolving sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers • Aim to reach an agreement by fall 2013, but that will be difficult as many issues still remain outstanding
Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership (TTIP) • Free trade negotiations between the US & 27-member European Union • Negotiations likely to start summer 2013 • NPPC leading lobbying effort • Major barriers to US pork exports – Tariff rate quota (TRQ) smaller than Uruguay Round minimum access – Ban on ractopamine – Trichinae mitigation requirements – Prohibition on pathogen reduction treatments (PRTs) – Plant approvals
Russia & China • Russia • Implemented complete ban on imports of US pork, beef and turkey Feb. 11 • No science-based reason • In December, Russia announced it would require pork imports from the US to show documentation that the pork does not contain ractopamine residues (Paylean) • NPPC working w/ US government to reopen market for ractopamine-free product
• China • Issued a statement asking for third party verification that US pork exports contain no ractopamine residues • Already had ban on ractopamine • Lots of volatility and uncertainty
Trichinae Countries with Trichinae Restrictions: • • • • • • • • • •
Albania Argentina (unofficial) Barbados Belarus Brazil (unofficial) Chile Croatia Colombia (lifted soon) Dominica European Union
• • • • • •
• • • •
India Kazakhstan Macedonia Peru Russia Serbia (no export certificate) Singapore South Africa Ukraine Venezuela
Impact of Trichinae Restrictions on US Pork Exports Dermot Hayes Iowa State University, Trade Consultant to NPB and NPPC
Overview • Costs associated with trichinae certification for both chilled and frozen pork • Chilled and frozen pork markets, shelf life issues and consumer preferences • How chilled and frozen pork is processed and sold • Economic costs of certification • Country specific data
Certifying Frozen Pork • Example: A customer asks to buy frozen picnics that are trichinae certified • The USDA will provide cert if it can make sure that time/temp conditions met, this requires monitoring • A third party will handle freezing and paperwork for $0.06-0.10 per pound • A special label is then used to identify the boxes that contain the certified picnics • This is added to the capital costs associated with the ownership of the meat
Testing Fresh or Chilled Pork • Example: A customer asks for chilled picnics with trichinae cert • Plant identifies a group of animals for testing so guaranteed enough picnics • The animals are slaughtered and processed separately from other animals • Sample taken from diaphragm of each of the animals and sent for testing • The lab combines a group of 100 samples and searches for trichinae larvae, if the sample is free then the carcasses are certified • Lab cost is $0.01 per pound of carcass. Paperwork and segregation costs equal $0.02 to $0.04 per pound depending on the facility, (larger facilities have higher costs), industry average is $0.044 per pound • Picnics sent to the customer and the rest of carcass sold to customers that do not require a cert
Markets for Chilled and Frozen Pork • In general, importing retail consumers prefer chilled pork and processors prefer frozen pork • Because of limited shelf life, chilled pork can only be sold to countries where shipping time and customs clearance make it feasible • Countries that currently import chilled US pork include Japan, Mexico, Canada, Taiwan and South Korea • In theory, US can export chilled pork to the EU, Russia, China and all of Central and South America
Markets Where Frozen Requirement is the Barrier • Kazakhstan, Singapore, South Africa, Ukraine • EU and Canada can provide pork to these markets without additional $0.10 per pound cost • Importers prefer spot purchases from these sources rather than the paperwork and capital costs and time associated with the US system, this further erodes the US costs advantage
Singapore Partner Country
Unit
Quantity 2010
2011
% Share 2012
2010
2011
% Change 2012/2011
2012
World
T
72,361
65,994
72,055
100.00
100.00
100.00
9.18
Brazil
T
26,962
22,565
26,993
37.26
34.19
37.46
19.63
Netherlands
T
8,088
8,991
10,932
11.18
13.62
15.17
21.60
Australia
T
12,898
11,298
9,147
17.82
17.12
12.69
- 19.04
United States
T
8,055
7,461
7,378
11.13
11.31
10.24
- 1.11
France
T
3,555
3,771
3,080
4.91
5.71
4.27
- 18.33
Denmark
T
2,222
2,091
2,522
3.07
3.17
3.50
20.59
Spain
T
396
1,294
2,466
0.55
1.96
3.42
90.65
Canada
T
4,551
2,043
2,281
6.29
3.10
3.17
11.65
Germany
T
1,199
1,132
1,942
1.66
1.71
2.69
71.57
South Africa Partner Country Unit
Quantity 2010
2011
% Share 2012
2010
2011
% Change 2012/2011
2012
World
T
26,105
32,079
32,951
100.00
100.00
100.00
2.72
Germany
T
11,083
15,896
13,304
42.45
49.55
40.38
- 16.30
Canada
T
5,816
7,831
8,135
22.28
24.41
24.69
3.89
Spain
T
1,985
2,677
4,760
7.60
8.35
14.44
77.79
France
T
3,013
2,192
1,999
11.54
6.83
6.07
- 8.82
United Kingdom
T
50
23
1,268
0.19
0.07
3.85
5413.05
Denmark
T
889
278
976
3.41
0.87
2.96
251.77
Belgium
T
1,423
1,037
803
5.45
3.23
2.44
- 22.54
Ireland
T
1,541
1,063
797
5.90
3.31
2.42
- 24.96
Netherlands
T
0
75
312
0.00
0.23
0.95
316.62
Hungary
T
99
760
300
0.38
2.37
0.91
- 60.56
United States
T
25
80
244
0.10
0.25
0.74
204.58
Markets Where Chilled Requirement is the Barrier • Argentina (unofficial), Brazil (unofficial), Chile, Cuba, Colombia (may soon be removed), Dominica, EU, Peru, Russia • Suppose that picnics account for one tenth of the carcass value then the effective barrier is $0.044 per pound multiplied by 10! • Need to request the certificate before the animal is slaughtered also imposes a cost because spot sales are prohibited (the largest US pork exporter to Mexico does not slaughter any animals), elimination of spot sales is worth about $0.10 per pound • Total cost of this system effectively keeps us out of the chilled market in the countries listed above • US has a competitive advantage in many of these countries as is evidenced by market share in frozen product
Colombia Quantity Partner Country
% Share
% Change 2012/2011
Unit 2010
2011
2012
2010
2011
2012
World
T
8,082
16,354
26,818
100.00
100.00
100.00
63.98
United States
T
3,211
7,779
13,611
39.73
47.56
50.75
74.98
Chile
T
2,250
3,879
6,765
27.83
23.72
25.22
74.41
Canada
T
2,622
4,697
6,417
32.44
28.72
23.93
36.62
China
T
0
0
25
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
Summary • Trichinae certification reduces our market share for frozen pork in all countries • Trichinae testing reduces market share or eliminates US from competition in potential chilled pork markets • This report puts a value on this problem • Solutions: – Elimination of the import requirement based on USDA designation and scientific evidence – Bring US pork industry practices and regulatory infrastructure in line with OIE standards
Global Outreach-Trichinae • USDA, NPPC and NPB developed position statement which was used to provide the US/global position • Outreach conducted to Central and South American country pork producer groups, reached out to their veterinary authorities • Results of OIE Code Commission: – Text for combination of audits and surveillance but neither separately – Consistent with an EU perspective
• Adopted in May but agreed to remain amendable • OIE agreed to continue to work on a system for national trichinae negligible risk status
Next Steps • Harmonizing OIE standards and US commercial industry's status will maintain trichinae standing • Pork organizations will continue to interact with OIE standard setting on behalf of US pork producers – More work to be done to gain negligible risk status – Open new opportunities for chilled U.S. pork – Full benefits won’t be realized for years…laying groundwork
Your Role to Ensure Continued Safe Food, Animal Health and Market Access • Trichinae prevention SOPs will also protect herd health! – Work with your veterinarian – Participate in PQA Plus and implement GPPs – Strict biosecurity – Strict rodent control
Questions?
