Justice Court Handles small claims, up to estimated damages of $10,000. District Court The primary trial courts; have general jurisdiction over most civil and criminal cases. Court of Appeals The court of general appellate jurisdiction; hears cases appealed from the lower courts. Supreme Court of Utah The highest court in the state; it will hear appeals from the lower courts.
$10,000 Justice Court
District Court
Court of Appeals
Supreme Court of Utah
general jurisdiction over most civil and criminal cases
hears cases appealed from the lower courts
highest court in the state; will hear appeals from the lower courts
Pleadings In the beginning stages of a lawsuit, legal documents called pleadings are filed. To initiate the suit, the plaintiff files a Complaint which sets forth cause(s) of action against named Defendant(s). After the Plaintiff files the Complaint and properly serves the Complaint on the Defendant(s), the Defendant(s) then have 21 days to file an Answer. The Defendant(s)' Answer will respond to each of the causes of action in the Complaint and set forth any defenses, cross claims and/or counter claims.
Discovery
After the parties file all necessary pleadings, the discovery process will begin. This can include any of the following:
Interrogatories Formal questions and/or requests for information served on one party by and opposing party. The party served with interrogatories must provide written responses or respond with an objection.
Requests for Production of Documents Formal requests for certain documentation relevant to the claims and defenses.
Trial
Depositions Either a party or a non-party witness will provide oral testimony under oath in the presence of a court reporter.
Trials can take from 1 Day
If the parties have not reached a settlement, at the conclusion of discovery, the case then proceeds to trial. Depending on the complexity, a trial can take as little as a single day or as long as several weeks. At the conclusion of a typical civil trial, the jury will return a verdict for the plaintiff and award money damages or the jury will return a verdict finding that the defendant was not at fault.
to 2 Weeks
Motions and Appeals After the jury returns their verdict, the parties may file post trial motions and/or appeal the verdict to the appropriate appellate court in Utah.