Valspar Color Matters
Color Matters www.valsparinspireme.com S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Course Learning Objectives 1. Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including specific industries and building types. 2. Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. 3. Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. 4. Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies.
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective One Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including in specific industries and building types. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color is Emotion “Colors, like features, follow the changes of the emotions.” – Pablo Picasso
Red side of spectrum evokes emotions from warmth and comfort to anger and hostility
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Blue side of spectrum evokes feelings of calm, sadness and indifference
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Discussion
Where have you used vibrant colors successfully on architectural projects?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color Trend Research Color provokes instant reaction in consumers Generates purchases through color attraction Companies perform intense research, analysis and forecasting throughout year to identify immediate and longterm color trends
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color Trend Research Color inspiration, influence, movement and prevailing direction expressed through: • Fashion • Food • Interior products • Architecture
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color Trends – Residential
get real Homegrown, recycled and authentic colors Nature-inspired lighter colors that reflect authentic, recycled and reclaimed materials.
Olive Branch
Floral White
Fools Gold
Spring Green
Hot Pepper
Blue Metallic
Royal Blue
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Copper Brown
Aged Copper
Medium Bronze
Sand Dune
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Color Trends – Residential/Commercial
bold modernity Fearless, embracing and historical colors
Weatherworn, repurposed textures that exude history and authenticity.
Teal Suede
Tulare Purple
Plastic Kiwi
Right of Way
Deep Tropic
Coral Reef
Gatwick Silver
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Regal Blue
Classic Copper
Lemon Shine
Charred Blue
Tahitian9 Copper
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Color Trends – Commercial
essence of europe Collective consciousness, influenced and cultural colors Old world palette representing differences in cultural influences between European regions.
Deep Red
Yellow Bow
Leaping Frog
Grey Amethyst
Pale Blue Sea
Cranberry Bog
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bright Gold
Vintage
Gallery Blue
Zactique
Blue Pearl II
10
Color Trends – Commercial
collective effort Fresh produce, loyalty and community colors Personal and global community-inspired derived from authentic stories and connections.
Caterpillar
Dark Denim
Chateau Brown
Yellow Bow
Cactus
Weathered Zinc
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bright Red
Gold Watch
Nisha Plum
Autumn Blaze
Textured Copper
11
Color Trends – Commercial
agua Life sustaining, droughts and current colors Healing and soothing palette inspired by water, the earth’s most valuable resource.
Deep Sea Blue
Golden Hue
Global View
Spring Green
Creative Flow
Burnish Slate
Brick Red
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Hazelnut Mica
Pearlescent White
Olive Branch
Green Bayou
Goldmine
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Color Trends – Architectural
into the black Charred, liquid and natural colors Dark black hues that create striking contrast with natural surroundings.
Black Textured
Black Gloss
Black Metallic
Matte Black
Charcoal
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bone White
Chromium Gray
Charred Blue
13
Color Trends – Architectural
metal Finishes, polished and textured colors Degraded and tarnished metal hues inspired by copper, iron and steel.
Chocolate Bronze
Cool Zactique II
New Aged Copper
Weathered Zinc
Bright Silver
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bright Gold
Rusted Steel
Copper Metallic
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Color and the Built Environment Can have profound effect on human experience and users Artists and architects create ambience in a building and unique qualities using: • Paints/coatings • Mosaics • Glass
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color and the Built Environment Through educated application of color, architects can create more human, user-supportive environments Effective use of contrasting colors and light: • Maintains and reinforces spatial relations within a building • Conveys building’s dimensions and proportions
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Use of Color on Building Exteriors Color and architecture intimately related—form first reaches human eye through color Architects can use exterior color to: • Influence surrounding built environment • Fine-tune appearance and bring harmony with surroundings • Differentiate, contain, unite, equalize and accentuate elements of building
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color Matters
Pacific Corporate Towers in El Segundo, California Photo courtesy of Durability and Design S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color Matters
Office Building, San Francisco, California Photo courtesy of Durability and Design S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
If you have differentiated a building with color, describe how that changed the aesthetics?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Building Types and Industries – Restaurants and Food Service An inviting restaurant arouses appetite through multi-sensory stimulation • Will be more successful, if food and service are acceptable
Use of color in restaurant design should: • Emphasize psychological association with appetite and smell • Stimulate appetite • Present desired image S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Building Types and Industries – Industrial Work Environments Poorly designed conditions in industrial work environments lead to: • Monotony • Boredom • Fatigue • Lack of motivation • Negative interaction • Accidents
Proper color specifications: • Improve perception • Increase efficiency • Minimize errors • Increase safety and improve orientation S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Building Types and Industries – Offices Employers should provide environment physically and psychologically supportive of employees Color specialist: • Sets correct mood and image • Pays attention to relationship between color, visual efficiency and comfort
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Building Types and Industries – Schools Designers using color to inject affordable fun Physical environment has powerful psycho-physiological impact on students Appropriate color design: • Creates surroundings conducive to studying • Promotes physical and mental health
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Building Types and Industries – Healthcare Color plays important role in experience of healthcare facility as competent, efficient and caring Color can: • Enhance healing process • Inspire user confidence • Facilitate medical diagnosis and surgical performance • Maintain stimulatory balance
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
What color trends are you seeing in your work?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings Color consistently a key selling feature for building components Color choices tend to be conservative Heightened consumer and design industry desire to express creativity through the power of architectural color Looking to color trends and bringing bolder color choices to projects Poses unique opportunity for high performance architectural coatings S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Bells Mill Elementary School in Potomac, Maryland S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Georgia State University Piedmont North Dining Hall in Atlanta, Georgia S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Formosa 1140 residential building in Hollywood, California S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Phoenix, Arizona S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Public Safety Headquarters in Detroit, Michigan S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
How do you think color impacts the architectural style of these buildings?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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COMPLETED: Learning Objective One Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including in specific industries and building types. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective Two Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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What is a Coating? Comprised of three principal ingredients:
15% 35% 50% Pigments
Resin
Solvents
Additives: Special effects chemicals added to paint typically in small amounts
Percentages vary by product type and color. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Pigments Provide coatings color Can enhance overall performance of protective coating In architectural building components, chemical resistance of pigment is crucial
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Types of Pigments Blended to create desired color to suit aesthetics of application Types of pigments include: • Organic • Inorganic • Specialty – pearlescent and color-shifting • Solar Reflective (SR)
Depending on application and desired color, sometimes each type of pigment is used in same formula Pigments can: • Provide opacity • Improve corrosion resistance
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Organic Pigments Colors from organic pigments can be very bright with vivid appearances Carbon-based Often made from petroleum compounds Less hiding power than inorganic pigments Poor weathering Low heat resistance
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Inorganic Pigments Mineral-earth type pigments are very simple and naturally occurring colored substances Manufactured from mineral compounds that are mainly complex metal oxides Have superior: • Color stability • Weather resistance • Heat resistance • Chemical resistance S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Pearlescent Pigments Possess optical effects that serve decorative purposes, offering eye-catching luster Tiny flakes of reflective metal or refractive mica pigments added into paint mix Several other elements added into paint production process Unique effect achieved by light interference rather than light absorption
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color-Shifting Pigments Colors appear to change when viewed from different angles or sunlight Combinations of pearlescent mica or aluminum flakes are used Change in color and degree of color change controlled by composition and thickness of core and precipitated pigment
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color-Shifting Pigments
California Residence, Woodland, CA S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color-Shifting Pigments
Exploration Tower at Port Canaveral, Florida S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
How have you seen color-shifting pigments used in commercial buildings?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Solar Reflective Pigments Metal components are coated with solar reflective (SR) pigments to keep coating and building cooler SR pigments altered physically and chemically to reflect infrared radiation, while still absorbing same amount of visible light Products containing solar reflective pigments available in any resin type such as 70% PVDF, SMP and polyester and numerous colors Meet LEED and Energy Star requirements S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
If you have recommended solar reflective pigments to a client, what were the results?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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How Color Affects Durability Analyze each architectural project in terms of situation, function and needs: • What is the end use application? • What is the application’s environment? • What are the performance requirements?
Pigment types selected based on application
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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COMPLETED: Learning Objective Two Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective Three Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Testing and Coating Performance Factors such as: • Exposure to sun (UV light) • Moisture and humidity • High temperatures • Temperature fluctuations
Lead to: • Color changes
Understanding weather impact on painted metal helps manufacturers develop products to meet specific performance requirements.
• Chalking • Fading
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Why Coatings Fail – Chalking Chalking caused by degradation of coating system, due predominantly to exposure to UV rays As resin system breaks down, particles take on white appearance and embedded pigment particles lose film adhesion
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Why Coatings Fail – Fading Fading caused by UV and hydrolytic degradation of pigment and resin system Color fade measured with “Delta E” values; minimum detectable difference is about 1ΔE
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Measuring Color Measured in three dimensions using standard:
“L” axis measures light to dark (white to black)
“a” axis goes from red to green
“b” axis goes from yellow to blue
∆E = square root of Delta L squared + Delta a squared + Delta b squared from a sample to the standard S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Metamerism Color of object determined by 2 components: • Chemistry of object’s pigmentation • Type of light illuminating object
Metamerism: “Does it match the standard under all illuminants?”
Dyes Using only 1 light source, given used: Illuminants color could be matched with : multiple pigment combinations Change light source and each of those matches will look visually different from one another Colors that shift relative to one another when light source changes are said to be “metamers” or to exhibit metamerism
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Exposure Testing Two key approaches to weather testing: Natural Exposure Accelerated Cabinet Testing
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Physical Tests Physical tests performed using ASTM test methods to measure: • Color retention • Film thickness and hardness • Gloss levels • Resistance to solvents • Flexibility
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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COMPLETED: Learning Objective Three Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective Four Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Resin Performance Each resin type offers different outdoor durability performance characteristics. GOOD Polyester Generic polymer system with limited weather performance; can achieve wide variety of colors because of the organic pigments used.
BETTER SMP Blend of polyester and silicone intermediates. Silicone improves gloss retention and weather resistance of polyester coatings.
Acrylic Provides harder surface and high gloss level not seen with PVDFs.
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
BEST 50% PVDF Provides harder surface, color retention and weather resistance of fluoropolymer coatings.
70% PVDF Current state-ofthe-art coating. Carbon/fluorine bond is one of strongest chemical bonds known. Nonsticky finish enables pollutants to wash away.
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AAMA Specifications
AAMA 2605 70% PVDF
AAMA 2604 50% PVDF
AAMA 2603 Polyester
High-Rise Monumental/Residential • Curtain Wall • Wall and Roof Panels • Window, Door Frames • Store Fronts
High-End Commercial/Condominium • Curtain Wall • Wall and Roof Panels • Window, Door Frames • Store Fronts
Commercial/Industrial/ Residential • Interior Extrusions and Panels • Wall and Roof Panels • Window, Door Frames
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
COMPLETED: Learning Objective Four Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Course Learning Objectives 1. Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including specific industries and building types. 2. Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. 3. Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. 4. Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies.
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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www.valsparinspireme.com S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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1
Course Learning Objectives 1. Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including specific industries and building types. 2. Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. 3. Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. 4. Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies.
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
2
Learning Objective One Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including in specific industries and building types. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
3
Color is Emotion “Colors, like features, follow the changes of the emotions.” – Pablo Picasso
Red side of spectrum evokes emotions from warmth and comfort to anger and hostility
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Blue side of spectrum evokes feelings of calm, sadness and indifference
4
Discussion
Where have you used vibrant colors successfully on architectural projects?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
5
Color Trend Research Color provokes instant reaction in consumers Generates purchases through color attraction Companies perform intense research, analysis and forecasting throughout year to identify immediate and longterm color trends
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
6
Color Trend Research Color inspiration, influence, movement and prevailing direction expressed through: • Fashion • Food • Interior products • Architecture
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
7
Color Trends – Residential
get real Homegrown, recycled and authentic colors Nature-inspired lighter colors that reflect authentic, recycled and reclaimed materials.
Olive Branch
Floral White
Fools Gold
Spring Green
Hot Pepper
Blue Metallic
Royal Blue
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Copper Brown
Aged Copper
Medium Bronze
Sand Dune
8
Color Trends – Residential/Commercial
bold modernity Fearless, embracing and historical colors
Weatherworn, repurposed textures that exude history and authenticity.
Teal Suede
Tulare Purple
Plastic Kiwi
Right of Way
Deep Tropic
Coral Reef
Gatwick Silver
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Regal Blue
Classic Copper
Lemon Shine
Charred Blue
Tahitian9 Copper
9
Color Trends – Commercial
essence of europe Collective consciousness, influenced and cultural colors Old world palette representing differences in cultural influences between European regions.
Deep Red
Yellow Bow
Leaping Frog
Grey Amethyst
Pale Blue Sea
Cranberry Bog
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bright Gold
Vintage
Gallery Blue
Zactique
Blue Pearl II
10
Color Trends – Commercial
collective effort Fresh produce, loyalty and community colors Personal and global community-inspired derived from authentic stories and connections.
Caterpillar
Dark Denim
Chateau Brown
Yellow Bow
Cactus
Weathered Zinc
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bright Red
Gold Watch
Nisha Plum
Autumn Blaze
Textured Copper
11
Color Trends – Commercial
agua Life sustaining, droughts and current colors Healing and soothing palette inspired by water, the earth’s most valuable resource.
Deep Sea Blue
Golden Hue
Global View
Spring Green
Creative Flow
Burnish Slate
Brick Red
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Hazelnut Mica
Pearlescent White
Olive Branch
Green Bayou
Goldmine
12
Color Trends – Architectural
into the black Charred, liquid and natural colors Dark black hues that create striking contrast with natural surroundings.
Black Textured
Black Gloss
Black Metallic
Matte Black
Charcoal
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bone White
Chromium Gray
Charred Blue
13
Color Trends – Architectural
metal Finishes, polished and textured colors Degraded and tarnished metal hues inspired by copper, iron and steel.
Chocolate Bronze
Cool Zactique II
New Aged Copper
Weathered Zinc
Bright Silver
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
Bright Gold
Rusted Steel
Copper Metallic
14
Color and the Built Environment Can have profound effect on human experience and users Artists and architects create ambience in a building and unique qualities using: • Paints/coatings • Mosaics • Glass
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
15
Color and the Built Environment Through educated application of color, architects can create more human, user-supportive environments Effective use of contrasting colors and light: • Maintains and reinforces spatial relations within a building • Conveys building’s dimensions and proportions
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
16
Use of Color on Building Exteriors Color and architecture intimately related—form first reaches human eye through color Architects can use exterior color to: • Influence surrounding built environment • Fine-tune appearance and bring harmony with surroundings • Differentiate, contain, unite, equalize and accentuate elements of building
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
17
Color Matters
Pacific Corporate Towers in El Segundo, California Photo courtesy of Durability and Design S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
18
Color Matters
Office Building, San Francisco, California Photo courtesy of Durability and Design S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
19
Discussion
If you have differentiated a building with color, describe how that changed the aesthetics?
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
20
Building Types and Industries – Restaurants and Food Service An inviting restaurant arouses appetite through multi-sensory stimulation • Will be more successful, if food and service are acceptable
Use of color in restaurant design should: • Emphasize psychological association with appetite and smell • Stimulate appetite • Present desired image S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
21
Building Types and Industries – Industrial Work Environments Poorly designed conditions in industrial work environments lead to: • Monotony • Boredom • Fatigue • Lack of motivation • Negative interaction • Accidents
Proper color specifications: • Improve perception • Increase efficiency • Minimize errors • Increase safety and improve orientation S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
22
Building Types and Industries – Offices Employers should provide environment physically and psychologically supportive of employees Color specialist: • Sets correct mood and image • Pays attention to relationship between color, visual efficiency and comfort
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Building Types and Industries – Schools Designers using color to inject affordable fun Physical environment has powerful psycho-physiological impact on students Appropriate color design: • Creates surroundings conducive to studying • Promotes physical and mental health
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Building Types and Industries – Healthcare Color plays important role in experience of healthcare facility as competent, efficient and caring Color can: • Enhance healing process • Inspire user confidence • Facilitate medical diagnosis and surgical performance • Maintain stimulatory balance
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Discussion
What color trends are you seeing in your work?
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings Color consistently a key selling feature for building components Color choices tend to be conservative Heightened consumer and design industry desire to express creativity through the power of architectural color Looking to color trends and bringing bolder color choices to projects Poses unique opportunity for high performance architectural coatings S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Bells Mill Elementary School in Potomac, Maryland S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Georgia State University Piedmont North Dining Hall in Atlanta, Georgia S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Formosa 1140 residential building in Hollywood, California S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Phoenix, Arizona S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Color and Architectural Coatings
Public Safety Headquarters in Detroit, Michigan S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
How do you think color impacts the architectural style of these buildings?
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COMPLETED: Learning Objective One Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including in specific industries and building types. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective Two Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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What is a Coating? Comprised of three principal ingredients:
15% 35% 50% Pigments
Resin
Solvents
Additives: Special effects chemicals added to paint typically in small amounts
Percentages vary by product type and color. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Introduction to Pigments Provide coatings color Can enhance overall performance of protective coating In architectural building components, chemical resistance of pigment is crucial
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Types of Pigments Blended to create desired color to suit aesthetics of application Types of pigments include: • Organic • Inorganic • Specialty – pearlescent and color-shifting • Solar Reflective (SR)
Depending on application and desired color, sometimes each type of pigment is used in same formula Pigments can: • Provide opacity • Improve corrosion resistance
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Organic Pigments Colors from organic pigments can be very bright with vivid appearances Carbon-based Often made from petroleum compounds Less hiding power than inorganic pigments Poor weathering Low heat resistance
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Inorganic Pigments Mineral-earth type pigments are very simple and naturally occurring colored substances Manufactured from mineral compounds that are mainly complex metal oxides Have superior: • Color stability • Weather resistance • Heat resistance • Chemical resistance S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Pearlescent Pigments Possess optical effects that serve decorative purposes, offering eye-catching luster Tiny flakes of reflective metal or refractive mica pigments added into paint mix Several other elements added into paint production process Unique effect achieved by light interference rather than light absorption
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Color-Shifting Pigments Colors appear to change when viewed from different angles or sunlight Combinations of pearlescent mica or aluminum flakes are used Change in color and degree of color change controlled by composition and thickness of core and precipitated pigment
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Color-Shifting Pigments
California Residence, Woodland, CA S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Color-Shifting Pigments
Exploration Tower at Port Canaveral, Florida S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
How have you seen color-shifting pigments used in commercial buildings?
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Solar Reflective Pigments Metal components are coated with solar reflective (SR) pigments to keep coating and building cooler SR pigments altered physically and chemically to reflect infrared radiation, while still absorbing same amount of visible light Products containing solar reflective pigments available in any resin type such as 70% PVDF, SMP and polyester and numerous colors Meet LEED and Energy Star requirements S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Discussion
If you have recommended solar reflective pigments to a client, what were the results?
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How Color Affects Durability Analyze each architectural project in terms of situation, function and needs: • What is the end use application? • What is the application’s environment? • What are the performance requirements?
Pigment types selected based on application
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COMPLETED: Learning Objective Two Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective Three Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Testing and Coating Performance Factors such as: • Exposure to sun (UV light) • Moisture and humidity • High temperatures • Temperature fluctuations
Lead to: • Color changes
Understanding weather impact on painted metal helps manufacturers develop products to meet specific performance requirements.
• Chalking • Fading
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Why Coatings Fail – Chalking Chalking caused by degradation of coating system, due predominantly to exposure to UV rays As resin system breaks down, particles take on white appearance and embedded pigment particles lose film adhesion
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Why Coatings Fail – Fading Fading caused by UV and hydrolytic degradation of pigment and resin system Color fade measured with “Delta E” values; minimum detectable difference is about 1ΔE
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Measuring Color Measured in three dimensions using standard:
“L” axis measures light to dark (white to black)
“a” axis goes from red to green
“b” axis goes from yellow to blue
∆E = square root of Delta L squared + Delta a squared + Delta b squared from a sample to the standard S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Metamerism Color of object determined by 2 components: • Chemistry of object’s pigmentation • Type of light illuminating object
Metamerism: “Does it match the standard under all illuminants?”
Dyes Using only 1 light source, given used: Illuminants color could be matched with : multiple pigment combinations Change light source and each of those matches will look visually different from one another Colors that shift relative to one another when light source changes are said to be “metamers” or to exhibit metamerism
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Exposure Testing Two key approaches to weather testing: Natural Exposure Accelerated Cabinet Testing
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Physical Tests Physical tests performed using ASTM test methods to measure: • Color retention • Film thickness and hardness • Gloss levels • Resistance to solvents • Flexibility
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COMPLETED: Learning Objective Three Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Learning Objective Four Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Resin Performance Each resin type offers different outdoor durability performance characteristics. GOOD Polyester Generic polymer system with limited weather performance; can achieve wide variety of colors because of the organic pigments used.
BETTER SMP Blend of polyester and silicone intermediates. Silicone improves gloss retention and weather resistance of polyester coatings.
Acrylic Provides harder surface and high gloss level not seen with PVDFs.
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
BEST 50% PVDF Provides harder surface, color retention and weather resistance of fluoropolymer coatings.
70% PVDF Current state-ofthe-art coating. Carbon/fluorine bond is one of strongest chemical bonds known. Nonsticky finish enables pollutants to wash away.
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AAMA Specifications
AAMA 2605 70% PVDF
AAMA 2604 50% PVDF
AAMA 2603 Polyester
High-Rise Monumental/Residential • Curtain Wall • Wall and Roof Panels • Window, Door Frames • Store Fronts
High-End Commercial/Condominium • Curtain Wall • Wall and Roof Panels • Window, Door Frames • Store Fronts
Commercial/Industrial/ Residential • Interior Extrusions and Panels • Wall and Roof Panels • Window, Door Frames
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
COMPLETED: Learning Objective Four Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies. S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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Course Learning Objectives 1. Demonstrate the importance of color in the built environment, including specific industries and building types. 2. Explain the relationship between color, pigments, and architectural coating performance. 3. Describe ASTM test methods used to define the performance specifications for architectural coatings, including the effect that exposure has on pigments and color retention. 4. Identify AAMA specifications for various coating technologies.
S U P E R I O R P E R F O R MA N C E A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O AT I N G S
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