walk test - Human Kinetics
eQUipmenT • • • • •
Measured1.5-mile(2.4km)distance,ideallyona0.25-mile(400m)track Physician’sscale,stadiometer,orequivalentelectronicscale Stopwatch Individualandgroupdatasheets MicrosoftExcelorequivalentspreadsheetprogram
Find the group data sheets for this laboratory online at www.HumanKinetics.com/ LaboratoryManualForExercisePhysiology.
Laboratory Activity 8.1
COOPER 1.5-MILE RUN/ WALK TEST
Figure 8.2 presents a traditional 440-yard or 0.25-mile track, in which each straightawayandcurveis110yardslongandhalfofeachlengthis55yards. Distancetraveledmaydifferslightlydependingonthetrack;therefore,when performingtimeddistances,makesuretounderstandthevariouslengthson thetrack.Forexample,becausea400mtrackis2.5yd(2.3m)shorterthan a440-yardtrack,asubjectperforminga1.5-milerunona400mtrackmust go14m(15yd)beyond6lapstocompleteamileandahalf.Similarly,when
100 m (110 yd)
50 m (55 yd)
100 m (110 yd)
50 m (55 yd)
Figure 8.2 Dimensionsfora400m(440yd)track. E4876/Haff/fig 8.2/403849/JG/r1
193
erforming a 1-mile (1.6 km) Rockport test, one must go 9 m (9 yd) beyond 4 p laps to complete a mile.
Warm-Up As with any performance-based test, the subject should perform a structured warm-up to prepare for the assessment. As a rule, when working with athletes or other fit individuals, devote 5 min to general warm-up activity (e.g., jogging, cycling, jumping rope), then use 5 min for dynamic stretching (e.g., high knees, walking lunges, walking knee tucks, butt kicks, inchworms, power skips). With sedentary or untrained individuals, use less rigorous activities (e.g., leg swings, toe touches). After the warm-up, ensure that the subject clearly understands that the objective of the test is to complete the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) distance in as little time as possible. Here is a summary of steps to use when administering this test:
Cooper 1.5-Mile Run/Walk Test Step 1: Measure the height and weight of each person being tested and record the results on their individual laboratory data sheets. Measure body mass to the nearest 0.01 kg and height to the nearest 0.1 cm. Step 2: Have each subject complete a structured warm-up of about 10 min. Step 3: Prior to starting the test, clearly explain that each individual should walk or run the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) distance as fast as possible. Step 4: Start a stopwatch at the same time that the run/walk is initiated. Step 5: When a subject completes the distance, his or her time should be recorded to the nearest second on the laboratory 8.1 individual data sheets. Step 6: After completing the assessment, each tested individual should perform a cool-down consisting of slow walking followed by stretching. Step 7: Use the equations. presented on the individual data sheet to estimate each individual’s V O2max, then record the result.
Question Set 8.1 1. What is the underlying physiological reason for the relationship found between field tests and laboratory measurements of aerobic power? 2. Based on your results, rank your aerobic fitness in relation to the norms and percentile ranks presented in tables 7.1 (p. 171) and 8.2. 3. How did your aerobic fitness results compare with the class averages? 4. Based on the class averages, how would you rate your classmates’ overall aerobic fitness? 5. What factors associated with this aerobic power test may result in variations in the values estimated for aerobic power?
194
Laboratory Activity 8.1
Find the case studies for this laboratory online at www.HumanKinetics.com/ LaboratoryManualForExercisePhysiology.
Table 8.2 PercentileRanksfor1.5-MileRun/WalkTime(min:s) Age (y)
20–29
30–39
40–49
50–59
60–69
Percentile
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
90
9:34
10:59
9:52
11:43
10:09
12:25
11:09
13:58
12:10
15:32
80
10:08
11:56
10:38
12:53
11:09
13:38
12:08
15:14
13:25
16:46
70
10:49
12:51
11:09
13:41
11:52
14:33
12:53
16:26
14:33
18:05
60
11:27
13:25
11:49
14:33
12:25
15:17
13:53
17:19
15:20
18:52
50
11:58
14:15
12:25
15:14
13:05
16:13
14:33
18:05
16:19
20:08
40
12:29
15:05
12:53
15:56
13:50
17:11
15:14
19:10
17:19
20:55
30
13:08
15:56
13:48
16:46
14:33
18:26
16:16
20:17
18:39
22:34
20
13:58
17:11
14:33
18:18
15:32
19:43
17:30
21:57
20:13
23:55
10
15:14
18:39
15:56
20:13
17:04
21:52
19:24
23:55
23:27
26:32
Adapted, by permission, from Cooper Institute, Physical fitness assessments and norms for adults and law enforcement (Dallas, TX: The Cooper Institute). For more information: wwwcooperinstitute.org.
Laboratory Activity 8.1
195
Laboratory Activity 8.1 Individual Data Sheet Name or ID number: _______________________________ Tester: ______________________________________ Date: _____________________ Time: __________________
Location of Testing Footwear
Sex: M / F (circle one)
Outdoor field
Jogging shoe
Height: _________________ in. _________________ cm
Indoor field
Walking shoe
Weight: _________________ lb
_________________ kg
Indoor track
Tennis shoe
Temperature: ___________ °F
_________________ °C
Outdoor track
Basketball shoe
Relative humidity: _______________________________ %
Gym
Running shoe
Barometric pressure: ________________________ mmHg
Other
Cross-trainer
Age: ________________ y
Other ____________
Men max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 91.736 − (0.1656 × _________ )− (2.767 × ________ ) VO 2 body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 1)
max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 65.404 − (7.707 × _________ ) − 0.159 × ________ − 0.843 × ________ VO 2 sex
body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 2)
Women max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 88.020 − (0.1656 × _________ )− (2.767 × ________ ) VO 2 body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 1)
max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 65.404 − (7.707 × _________ ) − 0.159 × ________ − 0.843 × ________ VO 2 sex
body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 2) Percentile rank: _________________ . V O2max classification: _________________
Laboratory Activity 8.1
197
Measured1.5-mile(2.4km)distance,ideallyona0.25-mile(400m)track Physician’sscale,stadiometer,orequivalentelectronicscale Stopwatch Individualandgroupdatasheets MicrosoftExcelorequivalentspreadsheetprogram
Find the group data sheets for this laboratory online at www.HumanKinetics.com/ LaboratoryManualForExercisePhysiology.
Laboratory Activity 8.1
COOPER 1.5-MILE RUN/ WALK TEST
Figure 8.2 presents a traditional 440-yard or 0.25-mile track, in which each straightawayandcurveis110yardslongandhalfofeachlengthis55yards. Distancetraveledmaydifferslightlydependingonthetrack;therefore,when performingtimeddistances,makesuretounderstandthevariouslengthson thetrack.Forexample,becausea400mtrackis2.5yd(2.3m)shorterthan a440-yardtrack,asubjectperforminga1.5-milerunona400mtrackmust go14m(15yd)beyond6lapstocompleteamileandahalf.Similarly,when
100 m (110 yd)
50 m (55 yd)
100 m (110 yd)
50 m (55 yd)
Figure 8.2 Dimensionsfora400m(440yd)track. E4876/Haff/fig 8.2/403849/JG/r1
193
erforming a 1-mile (1.6 km) Rockport test, one must go 9 m (9 yd) beyond 4 p laps to complete a mile.
Warm-Up As with any performance-based test, the subject should perform a structured warm-up to prepare for the assessment. As a rule, when working with athletes or other fit individuals, devote 5 min to general warm-up activity (e.g., jogging, cycling, jumping rope), then use 5 min for dynamic stretching (e.g., high knees, walking lunges, walking knee tucks, butt kicks, inchworms, power skips). With sedentary or untrained individuals, use less rigorous activities (e.g., leg swings, toe touches). After the warm-up, ensure that the subject clearly understands that the objective of the test is to complete the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) distance in as little time as possible. Here is a summary of steps to use when administering this test:
Cooper 1.5-Mile Run/Walk Test Step 1: Measure the height and weight of each person being tested and record the results on their individual laboratory data sheets. Measure body mass to the nearest 0.01 kg and height to the nearest 0.1 cm. Step 2: Have each subject complete a structured warm-up of about 10 min. Step 3: Prior to starting the test, clearly explain that each individual should walk or run the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) distance as fast as possible. Step 4: Start a stopwatch at the same time that the run/walk is initiated. Step 5: When a subject completes the distance, his or her time should be recorded to the nearest second on the laboratory 8.1 individual data sheets. Step 6: After completing the assessment, each tested individual should perform a cool-down consisting of slow walking followed by stretching. Step 7: Use the equations. presented on the individual data sheet to estimate each individual’s V O2max, then record the result.
Question Set 8.1 1. What is the underlying physiological reason for the relationship found between field tests and laboratory measurements of aerobic power? 2. Based on your results, rank your aerobic fitness in relation to the norms and percentile ranks presented in tables 7.1 (p. 171) and 8.2. 3. How did your aerobic fitness results compare with the class averages? 4. Based on the class averages, how would you rate your classmates’ overall aerobic fitness? 5. What factors associated with this aerobic power test may result in variations in the values estimated for aerobic power?
194
Laboratory Activity 8.1
Find the case studies for this laboratory online at www.HumanKinetics.com/ LaboratoryManualForExercisePhysiology.
Table 8.2 PercentileRanksfor1.5-MileRun/WalkTime(min:s) Age (y)
20–29
30–39
40–49
50–59
60–69
Percentile
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
90
9:34
10:59
9:52
11:43
10:09
12:25
11:09
13:58
12:10
15:32
80
10:08
11:56
10:38
12:53
11:09
13:38
12:08
15:14
13:25
16:46
70
10:49
12:51
11:09
13:41
11:52
14:33
12:53
16:26
14:33
18:05
60
11:27
13:25
11:49
14:33
12:25
15:17
13:53
17:19
15:20
18:52
50
11:58
14:15
12:25
15:14
13:05
16:13
14:33
18:05
16:19
20:08
40
12:29
15:05
12:53
15:56
13:50
17:11
15:14
19:10
17:19
20:55
30
13:08
15:56
13:48
16:46
14:33
18:26
16:16
20:17
18:39
22:34
20
13:58
17:11
14:33
18:18
15:32
19:43
17:30
21:57
20:13
23:55
10
15:14
18:39
15:56
20:13
17:04
21:52
19:24
23:55
23:27
26:32
Adapted, by permission, from Cooper Institute, Physical fitness assessments and norms for adults and law enforcement (Dallas, TX: The Cooper Institute). For more information: wwwcooperinstitute.org.
Laboratory Activity 8.1
195
Laboratory Activity 8.1 Individual Data Sheet Name or ID number: _______________________________ Tester: ______________________________________ Date: _____________________ Time: __________________
Location of Testing Footwear
Sex: M / F (circle one)
Outdoor field
Jogging shoe
Height: _________________ in. _________________ cm
Indoor field
Walking shoe
Weight: _________________ lb
_________________ kg
Indoor track
Tennis shoe
Temperature: ___________ °F
_________________ °C
Outdoor track
Basketball shoe
Relative humidity: _______________________________ %
Gym
Running shoe
Barometric pressure: ________________________ mmHg
Other
Cross-trainer
Age: ________________ y
Other ____________
Men max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 91.736 − (0.1656 × _________ )− (2.767 × ________ ) VO 2 body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 1)
max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 65.404 − (7.707 × _________ ) − 0.159 × ________ − 0.843 × ________ VO 2 sex
body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 2)
Women max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 88.020 − (0.1656 × _________ )− (2.767 × ________ ) VO 2 body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 1)
max(ml ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) = 65.404 − (7.707 × _________ ) − 0.159 × ________ − 0.843 × ________ VO 2 sex
body mass(kg)
time(min)
= _______________________________ ml ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1 (Equation 2) Percentile rank: _________________ . V O2max classification: _________________
Laboratory Activity 8.1
197
