Water resources
Water
Implica-ons
of
Advanced
Energy
Choices:
Challenges
and
Opportuni-es
Center for Strategic and Interna0onal Studies Adap%ng for Future Resource Challenges: Food, Water, and Energy Robin L. Newmark April 15, 2010
Water Used for Fuel Extraction and Processing Biofuels Hydrogen
Many new technologies are water intensive, increasing demands on water resources: ‐ Biofuels ‐ Hydrogen Constraints will grow for energy development and power plant siting Gal/MMBTU Source: DOE Report to Congress (2007) Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
gal/MWh
Water Consump-on Factors (gal/MWh) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Renewable Technologies
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Coal
s s e r g o r P n I k r Wo
Adding CCS
(Macknick et al, in prep)
Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
3
4 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Power Requirements For Treatment Today
Conven0onal Treatment (From EPA 2004, Water Reuse 2007, Mickley 2003)
The Future
Brackish NF
Brackish Sea Water RO RO
(Einfeld 2007)
Courtesy, Mike Hightower Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Water Supply Op-ons
Energy Demand (kWhr/kgal) 10‐18
Fresh Water Importa-on (100‐300 miles) Seawater Desalina-on w/Reverse Osmosis
in
Brackish Groundwater Desalina-on ns sav ea m r Reverse Osmosis Treatment ate w g Pumping and concentrate management avin S Total Aquifer Storage and Recovery Pre‐treatment (as needed) Post‐treatment (as needed) Pumping Total
y 12‐20 g r e g en 7‐9 1‐3 8‐12 3‐4 3‐4 2‐3 5‐11 Courtesy, Mike Hightower
Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Separate fresh water along with CO2 from flue gas perform two separations in one operation Modern 1 GW IGCC plant’s CO2: 7.5 million m3
Treating 7.5 M m3 of displaced brine to create fresh water could: Help manage pressure in the saline aquifer Provide half the plant’s operating fresh water (includes cooling)
Source: Aines/Bourcier/Wolfe Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
NREL is the only DOE na0onal laboratory dedicated solely to renewable
energy and energy efficiency technologies
Sustainability is a key concept of our energy future Energy‐water nexus is addressed in many programma0c areas, including: ‐ water use by individual technologies and by different technology pathways ‐ life cycle assessments ‐ water savings through efficiency or technology implementa0on ‐ conserva0on programs ‐ integra0ng renewable energy technologies ‐with water/wastewater/treatment ‐in energy system por^olios ‐ energy and water flows in the built environment 8 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Biofuels
Geothermal
Hydrogen Solar (PV, CSP) Wind
9 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Buildings
Life Cycle Assessments Integra-on Policy
10
Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Example: LCA of Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Ethanol‐global warming poten%al and environmental emissions GWP FOR 2022 E85 ACROSS FEEDSTOCKS
TOTAL LIFE CYCLE WATER USE FOR 2022 E85
Source: Heath et al., 2009 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
11
Analysis: Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model evalua0on of impacts !"#$%&'()*! of a proposed 20% Renewable Por^olio Standard (RPS) on the energy sector #$!%&'!()*!+,$'&%-*+.!)-(/!&'0!)-(/*1(!(/$!2%*2*+$0!3456!7/$!+,$'&%-*+!)-88!9$!%$:$%%$0! (*!/$%$!&+!(/$!;9&+$!,&+$!*:!(/$!%$'$)&98$! ?$'$%&(-*'!+/&%$!@&:($%!&,,*1'(-'?!:*%!$A$B2(!1(-8-(-$+!&'0!&88*)-'?!$::-,-$',C!+&D-'?+E!-+! B$(!9C!)-'0!2*)$%6!F54!-+!(/$!+$,*'0G8&%?$+(!,*'(%-91(*%.!)-(/!9-*2*)$%.!?$*(/$%B&8.! &'0!0-+(%-91($0!4H!9$-'?!B-'*%!28&C$%+!@+$$!!"#$%&'()(*+,(-.E!
Contribu0ons to power genera0on 7/$!0*(($0!8-'$!-'!I-?1%$!J!+/*)+!(/$!2$'$(%&(-*'!%&($!*D$%!(-B$!*:!K1&8-:C-'?!%$'$)&98$! capacity in a 20% RPS case $'$%?C!+*1%,$+6!=:!%$&0!:%*B!(/$!(*2!0*)'.!-(!+/*)+!(/&(!&22%*A-B&($8C!LJM!*:!(*(&8!
$8-?-98$!8*&0!-+!B$(!(/%*1?/!K1&8-:C-'?!%$'$)&98$!+*1%,$+!-'!JNJJ6!7*!B$$(!%$+$%D$! %$K1-%$B$'(+.!'&(1%&8!?&+G:-%$0!,&2&,-(C!-',%$&+$+!+19+(&'(-&88C!*D$%!(-B$.!91(!&,(1&8! ?$'$%&(-*'!:%*B!?&+!0$,8-'$+6!O$)!,*&8!28&'(+!,*'(-'1$!(*!,*B$!*'8-'$!&:($%!JNPN!01$! 8&%?$8C!(*!(/$!0$,*BB-++-*'-'?!*:!'1,8$&%!2*)$%!28&'(+6!Q?&-'.!(/$!%$+18(+!&++1B$!(/&(! (/$%$!&%$!'*!%$K1-%$B$'(+!(*!B-(-?&($!,&%9*'!0-*A-0$6! # # # # '"!
#,!?@A!#,!BC(C!.'-1'',!-5'!D2/'!2,E!678!83',2&#+/! !! D2/'!*2/'! 678!*2/'!
Center for Strategic and Interna0onal Studies Adap%ng for Future Resource Challenges: Food, Water, and Energy Robin L. Newmark April 15, 2010
Water Used for Fuel Extraction and Processing Biofuels Hydrogen
Many new technologies are water intensive, increasing demands on water resources: ‐ Biofuels ‐ Hydrogen Constraints will grow for energy development and power plant siting Gal/MMBTU Source: DOE Report to Congress (2007) Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
gal/MWh
Water Consump-on Factors (gal/MWh) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Renewable Technologies
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Coal
s s e r g o r P n I k r Wo
Adding CCS
(Macknick et al, in prep)
Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
3
4 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Power Requirements For Treatment Today
Conven0onal Treatment (From EPA 2004, Water Reuse 2007, Mickley 2003)
The Future
Brackish NF
Brackish Sea Water RO RO
(Einfeld 2007)
Courtesy, Mike Hightower Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Water Supply Op-ons
Energy Demand (kWhr/kgal) 10‐18
Fresh Water Importa-on (100‐300 miles) Seawater Desalina-on w/Reverse Osmosis
in
Brackish Groundwater Desalina-on ns sav ea m r Reverse Osmosis Treatment ate w g Pumping and concentrate management avin S Total Aquifer Storage and Recovery Pre‐treatment (as needed) Post‐treatment (as needed) Pumping Total
y 12‐20 g r e g en 7‐9 1‐3 8‐12 3‐4 3‐4 2‐3 5‐11 Courtesy, Mike Hightower
Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Separate fresh water along with CO2 from flue gas perform two separations in one operation Modern 1 GW IGCC plant’s CO2: 7.5 million m3
Treating 7.5 M m3 of displaced brine to create fresh water could: Help manage pressure in the saline aquifer Provide half the plant’s operating fresh water (includes cooling)
Source: Aines/Bourcier/Wolfe Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
NREL is the only DOE na0onal laboratory dedicated solely to renewable
energy and energy efficiency technologies
Sustainability is a key concept of our energy future Energy‐water nexus is addressed in many programma0c areas, including: ‐ water use by individual technologies and by different technology pathways ‐ life cycle assessments ‐ water savings through efficiency or technology implementa0on ‐ conserva0on programs ‐ integra0ng renewable energy technologies ‐with water/wastewater/treatment ‐in energy system por^olios ‐ energy and water flows in the built environment 8 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Biofuels
Geothermal
Hydrogen Solar (PV, CSP) Wind
9 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Buildings
Life Cycle Assessments Integra-on Policy
10
Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
Example: LCA of Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Ethanol‐global warming poten%al and environmental emissions GWP FOR 2022 E85 ACROSS FEEDSTOCKS
TOTAL LIFE CYCLE WATER USE FOR 2022 E85
Source: Heath et al., 2009 Na0onal Renewable Energy Laboratory
11
Analysis: Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model evalua0on of impacts !"#$%&'()*! of a proposed 20% Renewable Por^olio Standard (RPS) on the energy sector #$!%&'!()*!+,$'&%-*+.!)-(/!&'0!)-(/*1(!(/$!2%*2*+$0!3456!7/$!+,$'&%-*+!)-88!9$!%$:$%%$0! (*!/$%$!&+!(/$!;9&+$!,&+$!*:!(/$!%$'$)&98$! ?$'$%&(-*'!+/&%$!@&:($%!&,,*1'(-'?!:*%!$A$B2(!1(-8-(-$+!&'0!&88*)-'?!$::-,-$',C!+&D-'?+E!-+! B$(!9C!)-'0!2*)$%6!F54!-+!(/$!+$,*'0G8&%?$+(!,*'(%-91(*%.!)-(/!9-*2*)$%.!?$*(/$%B&8.! &'0!0-+(%-91($0!4H!9$-'?!B-'*%!28&C$%+!@+$$!!"#$%&'()(*+,(-.E!
Contribu0ons to power genera0on 7/$!0*(($0!8-'$!-'!I-?1%$!J!+/*)+!(/$!2$'$(%&(-*'!%&($!*D$%!(-B$!*:!K1&8-:C-'?!%$'$)&98$! capacity in a 20% RPS case $'$%?C!+*1%,$+6!=:!%$&0!:%*B!(/$!(*2!0*)'.!-(!+/*)+!(/&(!&22%*A-B&($8C!LJM!*:!(*(&8!
$8-?-98$!8*&0!-+!B$(!(/%*1?/!K1&8-:C-'?!%$'$)&98$!+*1%,$+!-'!JNJJ6!7*!B$$(!%$+$%D$! %$K1-%$B$'(+.!'&(1%&8!?&+G:-%$0!,&2&,-(C!-',%$&+$+!+19+(&'(-&88C!*D$%!(-B$.!91(!&,(1&8! ?$'$%&(-*'!:%*B!?&+!0$,8-'$+6!O$)!,*&8!28&'(+!,*'(-'1$!(*!,*B$!*'8-'$!&:($%!JNPN!01$! 8&%?$8C!(*!(/$!0$,*BB-++-*'-'?!*:!'1,8$&%!2*)$%!28&'(+6!Q?&-'.!(/$!%$+18(+!&++1B$!(/&(! (/$%$!&%$!'*!%$K1-%$B$'(+!(*!B-(-?&($!,&%9*'!0-*A-0$6! # # # # '"!
#,!?@A!#,!BC(C!.'-1'',!-5'!D2/'!2,E!678!83',2&#+/! !! D2/'!*2/'! 678!*2/'!
