Weed and cover crops survey for the cover crops trial
Strengthening Families & Communities Protecting & Enhancing the Environment Fostering Economic Development Promoting Sustainable Agriculture
Innovative Under-Vine Management in Vineyards: Cover Crop and Weed Surveys for Under Vine Cover Crops Trial, 2015 A research and extension project, 2012-2015 A.Wise, Sr. Issue Educator/Viticulturist and A.Gardner, Grape Program Assistant
In 2015, monthly weed surveys were done in the under-vine mowing trial to assess the percent of cover in each treatment and to catalog the weed species. Survey data for 2015 is followed by a chart that examines cover crop establishment through several years.
Key Points Clover seeded in 2011 was dying out by 2013 and was sparse by 2014. Fescue remained well established throughout the trial. When seeded together, clover established quickly; however, fescue gradually established and was the primary cover crop by 2015. In tables 1 through 4, percent total cover reflects the percent of all green growth within the sample area. Percent cover crop and percent weeds are the relative proportions of clover/fescue vs. weeds.
Table 1. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 1 – glyphosate Survey date, 2015 5-18 6-17 7-20 8-13 % total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
mean
range
mean
range
mean
51 0 100
25-80 0 100
52.1 0 100
20-70 0 100
14 0-20 0 0 100 100 Horseweed, dandelion, clover
Desiccated chickweed, dandelion, clover, plantain
Desiccated chickweed, dandelion, clover, horseweed
range
mean
range
17.5 5-30 0 0 100 100 Purslane, horseweed, dandelion crabgrass
10-1 mean
range
48.8 20-85 0 0 100 100 Purslane, horseweed, clover, crabgrass, spurge
Glyphosate applications – June 3, July 7.
423 Griffing Avenue, Suite 100 • Riverhead, New York 11901-3071 • 631.727.7850 • www.ccesuffolk.org Cornell Cooperative Extension is an employer and educator recognized for valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities and provides equal program and employment opportunities.
Table 2. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 2 – white clover 5-18 6-17 7-20 8-13
10-1
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
68.5
50-100
88.5
80-90
98.5
95100
91.0
75100
95.0
80100
17.0
0-50
15.5
5-50
18.0
0-45
15.0
5-40
16.0
5-20
83.0
50-100
85.5
50-95
82.0
65100
85.0
60-95
84.0
50-95
% total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
Dandelion
Dandelion
Dandelion, plantain
Dandelion
Table 3. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 3 - fescue 5-18 6-17 7-20
Dandelion
8-13
10-1
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
98
80-100
95.5
80-100
98.5
85-100
100
100
100
100
91
80-100
88.5
80-100
83.5
60-95
84.0
65-95
81.5
60-100
9
0-20
11.5
0-30
16.5
0-25
16.0
5-35
18.5
0-15
% total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
Dandelion
Dandelion, clover
Dandelion, clover
Dandelion, clover
Dandelion, clover
Table 4. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 4 – white clover + fescue 5-18 6-17 7-20 8-13
10-1
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
89.5
60-100
90
85-95
100
100
96.5
90100
100
100
45
0-100
47
5-95
F-39.9 C-5.5
0-95 0-20
F-45.1 C-5.6
8-95 0-15
F-42.0 C-5.5
0-93 0-15
55
70-100
53
5-95
55
2-95
50
3-95
57
5-95
% total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
Ground cover is mostly fescue; dandelion, mugwort, plantain
Ground cover is mostly fescue; dandelion, plantain
High variability in plots; dandelion
Plantain, dandelion
Plantain, dandelion
The following chart illustrates several key points: 1. After seeding in spring 2011, the clover began dying out in 2013. 2. Fescue remained well-established throughout the trial.
Table 5. Cover crops trial: establishment of cover crops through 4 seasons - mean percentage in plot area 2012 2013 2014 April 9 % total % cover cover crop
T2 T3 T4
Clover Fescue Clover+ fescue
91.5 92.0 96.5
80.3 73.0 92.6
June 11 % total % cover cover crop
85.5 91.5 89.5
40.0 76.0 59.2
May 2 % total % cover cover crop
72.5 100.0 82.0
13.8 93.0 34.2
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank Northeast SARE for their generous support of this work. Many thanks to Martha Clara Vineyards for hosting the cover crop trial.
2015 May 18 % total % cover cover crop
68.5 98 89.5
11.7 89.2 40.3
Innovative Under-Vine Management in Vineyards: Cover Crop and Weed Surveys for Under Vine Cover Crops Trial, 2015 A research and extension project, 2012-2015 A.Wise, Sr. Issue Educator/Viticulturist and A.Gardner, Grape Program Assistant
In 2015, monthly weed surveys were done in the under-vine mowing trial to assess the percent of cover in each treatment and to catalog the weed species. Survey data for 2015 is followed by a chart that examines cover crop establishment through several years.
Key Points Clover seeded in 2011 was dying out by 2013 and was sparse by 2014. Fescue remained well established throughout the trial. When seeded together, clover established quickly; however, fescue gradually established and was the primary cover crop by 2015. In tables 1 through 4, percent total cover reflects the percent of all green growth within the sample area. Percent cover crop and percent weeds are the relative proportions of clover/fescue vs. weeds.
Table 1. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 1 – glyphosate Survey date, 2015 5-18 6-17 7-20 8-13 % total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
mean
range
mean
range
mean
51 0 100
25-80 0 100
52.1 0 100
20-70 0 100
14 0-20 0 0 100 100 Horseweed, dandelion, clover
Desiccated chickweed, dandelion, clover, plantain
Desiccated chickweed, dandelion, clover, horseweed
range
mean
range
17.5 5-30 0 0 100 100 Purslane, horseweed, dandelion crabgrass
10-1 mean
range
48.8 20-85 0 0 100 100 Purslane, horseweed, clover, crabgrass, spurge
Glyphosate applications – June 3, July 7.
423 Griffing Avenue, Suite 100 • Riverhead, New York 11901-3071 • 631.727.7850 • www.ccesuffolk.org Cornell Cooperative Extension is an employer and educator recognized for valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities and provides equal program and employment opportunities.
Table 2. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 2 – white clover 5-18 6-17 7-20 8-13
10-1
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
68.5
50-100
88.5
80-90
98.5
95100
91.0
75100
95.0
80100
17.0
0-50
15.5
5-50
18.0
0-45
15.0
5-40
16.0
5-20
83.0
50-100
85.5
50-95
82.0
65100
85.0
60-95
84.0
50-95
% total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
Dandelion
Dandelion
Dandelion, plantain
Dandelion
Table 3. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 3 - fescue 5-18 6-17 7-20
Dandelion
8-13
10-1
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
98
80-100
95.5
80-100
98.5
85-100
100
100
100
100
91
80-100
88.5
80-100
83.5
60-95
84.0
65-95
81.5
60-100
9
0-20
11.5
0-30
16.5
0-25
16.0
5-35
18.5
0-15
% total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
Dandelion
Dandelion, clover
Dandelion, clover
Dandelion, clover
Dandelion, clover
Table 4. Cover crop and weed survey results: treatment 4 – white clover + fescue 5-18 6-17 7-20 8-13
10-1
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
mean
range
89.5
60-100
90
85-95
100
100
96.5
90100
100
100
45
0-100
47
5-95
F-39.9 C-5.5
0-95 0-20
F-45.1 C-5.6
8-95 0-15
F-42.0 C-5.5
0-93 0-15
55
70-100
53
5-95
55
2-95
50
3-95
57
5-95
% total cover % cover crop % weeds Most common weeds
Ground cover is mostly fescue; dandelion, mugwort, plantain
Ground cover is mostly fescue; dandelion, plantain
High variability in plots; dandelion
Plantain, dandelion
Plantain, dandelion
The following chart illustrates several key points: 1. After seeding in spring 2011, the clover began dying out in 2013. 2. Fescue remained well-established throughout the trial.
Table 5. Cover crops trial: establishment of cover crops through 4 seasons - mean percentage in plot area 2012 2013 2014 April 9 % total % cover cover crop
T2 T3 T4
Clover Fescue Clover+ fescue
91.5 92.0 96.5
80.3 73.0 92.6
June 11 % total % cover cover crop
85.5 91.5 89.5
40.0 76.0 59.2
May 2 % total % cover cover crop
72.5 100.0 82.0
13.8 93.0 34.2
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank Northeast SARE for their generous support of this work. Many thanks to Martha Clara Vineyards for hosting the cover crop trial.
2015 May 18 % total % cover cover crop
68.5 98 89.5
11.7 89.2 40.3
