Week 3 â Lesson 2
Week 3 – Lesson 2 Demonstratives “kore”, “sore” and “are” Kore (これ) = this – used when referring to an object that is close to the speaker Sore (それ) = that – used when object is close to listener Are (あれ) = that – when object is far from both listener and speaker E.g.
1) Sore wa kaban desu (That is a bag) 2) Kore wa kagi desu (This is a key) 3) Are wa terebi desu (That is a TV) More Yes/No Questions and How to Answer Them Soo = it is E.g.
Kore wa hon desu ka (これは ほんですか) = Is this a book? Hai, soo desu (はい、そうです) = Yes, it is NB: In Chapter 1, we learnt to answer in ‘hai, hon desu’ Kore wa techoo desu ka (これはてちょうですか) = Is this a pocket size notebook? Iie, soo ja arimasen. Hon desu. (いいえ、そうじゃありません。ほんです。) = No, it is not. It is a book.
Is This A or B? E.g. Is Mr Miller an Australian or a New Zealander? Are you Australian, Mr Miller? = Miraa-san wa oosutoraria-jin desu ka Are you a New Zealander, Mr Miller? = Miraa-san wa Nyuujiirando-jin desu ka Combining the 2 gives “Is Mr Miller a Australian or New Zealander?” Miraa-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu ka [insert comma] Miraa-san wa Nyuujiirando-jin desu ka i.e. Miraa-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu ka, Nyuujiirando-jin desu ka Whilst can omit repeated subject line, cannot omit the copula ‘desu ka’ Insert a comma as a substitute for English ‘or’ Is Chen Chinese or Korean? He is Chinese. Chen-san wa Chuugoku-jin desu ka, Kankoku-jin desu ka. Chuugoku-jin desu. 1
Is Chen a student or a teacher? He is a student. Chen-san wa gakusee desu ka, sensee desu ka. Gakusee desu. Double Consonants The vowels in Japanese are “a, i, u, e, o” (あ い う え お) – consonants are non-vowels i.e. everything else in the Japanese alphabet, including voiced and semi-voiced ones Consonants which can be doubled: kk, ss, tt, hh, pp Pronunciation: A pause is made for double consonants as they can’t be read (i.e. sound is omitted) – time in pause needs to be equal to 1 sound E.g. Hokkai becomes ho/k(silent)/ka/i (best to practice using hand claps to learn timing in pause) Writing in hiragana: A small ‘tsu’ in place of the second half of the double consonant – applicable to all double consonants E.g. Zasshi (magazine) = za/s/shi ざっし Sapporo (capitol city of Hokkaido) = sa/p(silent)/po/ro さっぽろ Double consonants for chi can be Romanised as cchi (e.g. macchi) or tchi (matchi) Compare practice (from Lesson 1 lecture pod): a) Kite (come) – ki te Kitte (stamp) – ki /t/ te Pronounce sharply with no pause b) Machi (town) – ma chi Matchi (match) – ma /t/ chi c) Kata (shoulder) ka ta Katta (won) – ka /t/ ta Double/Long Vowels Aa, ii, uu, ee, oo – are pronounced longer because of double the length For aa, ii and uu – only need to write as exactly pronounced E.g. O-kaa-san (mother) = o/-ka/a/sa/n おかあさん Iie (no) = i/i/e いいえ Kyuushuu (Kyushu island) = kyu/u/shu/u きゅうしゅう ee – second ‘e’ becomes ‘i’ E.g. Sensee (teacher) = se/n/se/e せんせい Eega (movie) = e/e/ga えいが oo – second ‘o’ becomes ‘u’ E.g. Tookyoo = to/o/kyo/o とうきょう Ginkoo (bank) = gi/n/ko/o ぎんこう Exceptions to double ee and oo rules: Oosaka is おおさか (not おうさか) ee (yes) ええ(not えい) Compare practice (from Lesson 1 lecture pod): a) Oba-san (aunt, middle aged woman) Obaa-san (grandmother, older woman) – o ba san – o baa san Drag ‘a’ sound b) Machi (town) – ma chi Maachi (March) – maa chi c) Biru (building) – bi ru Biiru (beer) – bii ru Hiragana Rules – Particle “wa”
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Japanese isn’t always written as it is pronounced e.g. watashi wa gakusee desu わたしは がくせ いです – technically you have written ‘watashi ha gakuse i de su’ Have already learnt the double vowel rule with ‘ee’ and ‘oo’, and the notion of a weak vowel such as ‘desu’ where ‘u’ is silent Particle ‘wa’ is in fact written as は Careful – watashi wa is “わたし は” because first ‘wa’ is a word (watashi) as compared to second ‘wa’ (は) which is a particle (is/am/are) Other special rules (will be explained in lessons 5 and 6): 1. Particle ‘o’ (object marker) = を E.g. Please show me that それを みせてください soreo misete kudasai 2. Particle ‘e’ (direction marker) = へ E.g. I come to university every day まいにち、だいがくへ きます mainichi daigakue kimasu
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1) Sore wa kaban desu (That is a bag) 2) Kore wa kagi desu (This is a key) 3) Are wa terebi desu (That is a TV) More Yes/No Questions and How to Answer Them Soo = it is E.g.
Kore wa hon desu ka (これは ほんですか) = Is this a book? Hai, soo desu (はい、そうです) = Yes, it is NB: In Chapter 1, we learnt to answer in ‘hai, hon desu’ Kore wa techoo desu ka (これはてちょうですか) = Is this a pocket size notebook? Iie, soo ja arimasen. Hon desu. (いいえ、そうじゃありません。ほんです。) = No, it is not. It is a book.
Is This A or B? E.g. Is Mr Miller an Australian or a New Zealander? Are you Australian, Mr Miller? = Miraa-san wa oosutoraria-jin desu ka Are you a New Zealander, Mr Miller? = Miraa-san wa Nyuujiirando-jin desu ka Combining the 2 gives “Is Mr Miller a Australian or New Zealander?” Miraa-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu ka [insert comma] Miraa-san wa Nyuujiirando-jin desu ka i.e. Miraa-san wa Oosutoraria-jin desu ka, Nyuujiirando-jin desu ka Whilst can omit repeated subject line, cannot omit the copula ‘desu ka’ Insert a comma as a substitute for English ‘or’ Is Chen Chinese or Korean? He is Chinese. Chen-san wa Chuugoku-jin desu ka, Kankoku-jin desu ka. Chuugoku-jin desu. 1
Is Chen a student or a teacher? He is a student. Chen-san wa gakusee desu ka, sensee desu ka. Gakusee desu. Double Consonants The vowels in Japanese are “a, i, u, e, o” (あ い う え お) – consonants are non-vowels i.e. everything else in the Japanese alphabet, including voiced and semi-voiced ones Consonants which can be doubled: kk, ss, tt, hh, pp Pronunciation: A pause is made for double consonants as they can’t be read (i.e. sound is omitted) – time in pause needs to be equal to 1 sound E.g. Hokkai becomes ho/k(silent)/ka/i (best to practice using hand claps to learn timing in pause) Writing in hiragana: A small ‘tsu’ in place of the second half of the double consonant – applicable to all double consonants E.g. Zasshi (magazine) = za/s/shi ざっし Sapporo (capitol city of Hokkaido) = sa/p(silent)/po/ro さっぽろ Double consonants for chi can be Romanised as cchi (e.g. macchi) or tchi (matchi) Compare practice (from Lesson 1 lecture pod): a) Kite (come) – ki te Kitte (stamp) – ki /t/ te Pronounce sharply with no pause b) Machi (town) – ma chi Matchi (match) – ma /t/ chi c) Kata (shoulder) ka ta Katta (won) – ka /t/ ta Double/Long Vowels Aa, ii, uu, ee, oo – are pronounced longer because of double the length For aa, ii and uu – only need to write as exactly pronounced E.g. O-kaa-san (mother) = o/-ka/a/sa/n おかあさん Iie (no) = i/i/e いいえ Kyuushuu (Kyushu island) = kyu/u/shu/u きゅうしゅう ee – second ‘e’ becomes ‘i’ E.g. Sensee (teacher) = se/n/se/e せんせい Eega (movie) = e/e/ga えいが oo – second ‘o’ becomes ‘u’ E.g. Tookyoo = to/o/kyo/o とうきょう Ginkoo (bank) = gi/n/ko/o ぎんこう Exceptions to double ee and oo rules: Oosaka is おおさか (not おうさか) ee (yes) ええ(not えい) Compare practice (from Lesson 1 lecture pod): a) Oba-san (aunt, middle aged woman) Obaa-san (grandmother, older woman) – o ba san – o baa san Drag ‘a’ sound b) Machi (town) – ma chi Maachi (March) – maa chi c) Biru (building) – bi ru Biiru (beer) – bii ru Hiragana Rules – Particle “wa”
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Japanese isn’t always written as it is pronounced e.g. watashi wa gakusee desu わたしは がくせ いです – technically you have written ‘watashi ha gakuse i de su’ Have already learnt the double vowel rule with ‘ee’ and ‘oo’, and the notion of a weak vowel such as ‘desu’ where ‘u’ is silent Particle ‘wa’ is in fact written as は Careful – watashi wa is “わたし は” because first ‘wa’ is a word (watashi) as compared to second ‘wa’ (は) which is a particle (is/am/are) Other special rules (will be explained in lessons 5 and 6): 1. Particle ‘o’ (object marker) = を E.g. Please show me that それを みせてください soreo misete kudasai 2. Particle ‘e’ (direction marker) = へ E.g. I come to university every day まいにち、だいがくへ きます mainichi daigakue kimasu
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