What is a Laminar Matroid?

Report 4 Downloads 86 Views
What is a Laminar Matroid? Tara Fife, James Oxley Department of Mathematics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana

Cumberland Conference, May, 2017

Laminar Family

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

2 / 20

Laminar Family

A family A of sets is laminar if for all A1 , A2 ∈ A , either A1 ∩ A2 = ∅ or Ai ⊆ Aj , for distinct i, j ∈ {1, 2}.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

2 / 20

Island Example

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

3 / 20

Independence

We call a set I independent If |I ∩ A| ≤ c(A) for each A ∈ A .

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

4 / 20

Independence We call a set I independent If |I ∩ A| ≤ c(A) for each A ∈ A .

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

4 / 20

Independence We call a set I independent If |I ∩ A| ≤ c(A) for each A ∈ A .

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

4 / 20

Geometric Presentation The following are dependent sets. • Two dots on a point.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

5 / 20

Geometric Presentation The following are dependent sets. • Two dots on a point. • Three dots on a line.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

5 / 20

Geometric Presentation

The following are dependent sets. • Two dots on a point. • Three dots on a line. • Four dots on a plane.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

5 / 20

Geometric Presentation

The following are dependent sets. • Two dots on a point. • Three dots on a line. • Four dots on a plane. • Five dots in space.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

5 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Delete 1

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Delete 1

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Contract 1

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Contract 1

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Contract 1

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Delete 5

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Delete 5

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Contract 5

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Contract 5

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

What is a Minor?

Delete e: Remove e. Contract e: Project from e onto a hyperplane that does not contain e. Contract 5

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

6 / 20

Matroids

A matroid is a nice notion of independence and dependence in a finite set.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

7 / 20

Geometric Representation of a Laminar Matroid

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

8 / 20

Geometric Representation of a Laminar Matroid

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

8 / 20

Geometric Representation of a Laminar Matroid

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

8 / 20

Geometric Representation of a Laminar Matroid

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

8 / 20

Geometric Representation of a Laminar Matroid

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

8 / 20

Minors of Laminar Matroids

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

9 / 20

Minors of Laminar Matroids

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

9 / 20

Not Laminar

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

10 / 20

An Excluded Minor

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

11 / 20

The Excluded Minors

Theorem The excluded minors of laminar matroids are:

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

12 / 20

Nested Matroids These are laminar matroids which have a representation where the family A looks like a path.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

13 / 20

Nested Matroids These are laminar matroids which have a representation where the family A looks like a path.

Theorem (O., Prendergast, and Row) The excluded minors of nested matroids are:

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

13 / 20

Another Look at Circuits

A circuit is a minimal dependent set.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

14 / 20

Another Look at Circuits

A circuit is a minimal dependent set. {1, 2, 3}

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

14 / 20

Another Look at Circuits

A circuit is a minimal dependent set. {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4, 5}, {1, 3, 4, 5}, {2, 3, 4, 5}

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

14 / 20

Another Look at Circuits

A circuit is a minimal dependent set. {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4, 5}, {1, 3, 4, 5}, {2, 3, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 4, 6, 7}, {1, 2, 5, 6, 7}, {1, 3, 4, 6, 7}, {1, 3, 5, 6, 7}, {2, 3, 4, 6, 7}, {2, 3, 5, 6, 7}

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

14 / 20

Another Look at Circuits

A circuit is a minimal dependent set. {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4, 5}, {1, 3, 4, 5}, {2, 3, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 4, 6, 7}, {1, 2, 5, 6, 7}, {1, 3, 4, 6, 7}, {1, 3, 5, 6, 7}, {2, 3, 4, 6, 7}, {2, 3, 5, 6, 7}, etc.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

14 / 20

Another Look at Circuits

A Circuit is a minimally dependent set.

Theorem For a laminar matroid M(E , A , c), a set C is a circuit if it is a minimal set such that C ⊆ A and |C | = c(A) + 1 for some A ∈ A .

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

15 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

If X ⊆ E , we define cl(X ), the closure of X , to be X ∪ {e : there is a circuit C with e ∈ C ⊆ e ∪ X }.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

16 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

If X ⊆ E , we define cl(X ), the closure of X , to be X ∪ {e : there is a circuit C with e ∈ C ⊆ e ∪ X }.

A Hamiltonian flat is the closure of a circuit.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

16 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

If X ⊆ E , we define cl(X ), the closure of X , to be X ∪ {e : there is a circuit C with e ∈ C ⊆ e ∪ X }.

A Hamiltonian flat is the closure of a circuit. Our Hamiltonian flats are:

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

16 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

If X ⊆ E , we define cl(X ), the closure of X , to be X ∪ {e : there is a circuit C with e ∈ C ⊆ e ∪ X }.

A Hamiltonian flat is the closure of a circuit. Our Hamiltonian flats are: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

16 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

A Hamiltonian flat is the closure of a circuit.

Our Hamiltonian flats are:

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

17 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

A Hamiltonian flat is the closure of a circuit.

Our Hamiltonian flats are: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, {1, 2, 3, 7, 8}, {1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

17 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

Theorem A matroid is nested if and only if its Hamiltonian flats form a chain under inclusion.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

18 / 20

Hamiltonian Flats

Theorem A matroid is nested if and only if its Hamiltonian flats form a chain under inclusion.

Theorem A matroid M is laminar if and only if, for every independent set X of size 1, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

18 / 20

A Generalization

Let Mk be the class of all matroids such that for every independent set X of size k, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

19 / 20

A Generalization

Let Mk be the class of all matroids such that for every independent set X of size k, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

• M0 is the class of nested matroids.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

19 / 20

A Generalization

Let Mk be the class of all matroids such that for every independent set X of size k, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

• M0 is the class of nested matroids. • M1 is the class of laminar matroids.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

19 / 20

A Generalization

Let Mk be the class of all matroids such that for every independent set X of size k, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

• M0 is the class of nested matroids. • M1 is the class of laminar matroids. • M2 is minor-closed, and its excluded minors are known.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

19 / 20

A Generalization

Let Mk be the class of all matroids such that for every independent set X of size k, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

• M0 is the class of nested matroids. • M1 is the class of laminar matroids. • M2 is minor-closed, and its excluded minors are known. • M3 is minor-closed.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

19 / 20

A Generalization

Let Mk be the class of all matroids such that for every independent set X of size k, the Hamiltonian flats of M containing X form a chain under inclusion.

• M0 is the class of nested matroids. • M1 is the class of laminar matroids. • M2 is minor-closed, and its excluded minors are known. • M3 is minor-closed. • Mk is not minor-closed for any k ≥ 4.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

19 / 20

Thank You

Thank You.

Tara Fife, James Oxley (LSU)

What is a Laminar Matroid?

CC2017

20 / 20