Which of the following statements best represents modernization theory
Previous EXAM 1 Population and Society
Name:_____________________________________
Which of the following questions cannot be answered using data from a single census, specifically, data from the 2000 US census? a. Do White females aged 20-29 living in St. Louis earn less than White females aged 20-29 living in Los Angeles? b. What percentage of California’s population is classified as White? c. Do females aged 20-24 have a higher death rate than males aged 20-24? d. In Ohio, are there more people classified as Chinese than Japanese? e. What proportion of Missouri’s population is aged 80 and above? In a brief essay, explain your answer. In 2005 Country A had a CBR of 10/1,000, which was one third the CBR of Country B. Country B had a CDR of 26/1,000, which was double the CDR of Country A. Both countries had people move in and move out, but neither counted the number of migrants. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country A was ________ or _________% per year. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country B was ________ or __________% per year. In 2005, did the population of Country A: Increase? Decrease? Remain the same? Can’t tell? In 2005, did the population of Country B: Increase? Decrease? Remain the same? Can’t tell? According to the article you read by Daniel Goodkind (The 2000 Census Underreporting Surprise), China’s 2000 census failed to count roughly 37 million people. (1) Who were these people? (2) How would you classify this omission in terms of the potential sources of errors on a census that your textbook discussed (i.e., coverage, content, and estimating errors)? How would you use Wolf Bleek’s insights on “lying informants” to help explain why the census failed to count these people? Scholars have determined that human populations began to grow more rapidly during the Neolithic period, or after the invention of agriculture. Based on the chart below and what you read in Harris and Ross (Population Regulation among Early Human Foragers), would you argue that the resulting population growth was due to an increase in fertility, a decrease in mortality, or both? Explain your answer.
Demographic Transition Draw a line on the graph below that illustrates what would happen to the population growth rate over time. Draw a line on the graph below that illustrates what would happen to the population size over time. After drawing your lines, answer the following: (1) Describe the relationships between the changing birth rate, death rate, rate of population growth, and size of the population. (2) How has the demographic transition changed the earth’s population from the 1950s to the present?
Name the three most fundamental demographic processes studied by demographers.
a.______________ b.________________ c.________________
The following terms were used in class to contrast demography with anthropology. Fill in the table below with the letters associated with the appropriate terms. a. quantitative b. suspicion c. qualitative
d. short-term survey work e. micro level (small samples) f. long-term fieldwork Demography
The scale at which they work. The nature of their data. The way in which they gather data. Their relationship with institutions of power.
g. macro level (large samples) h. alignment and dependence
Anthropology
Which of the following questions cannot be answered using data from a single census, specifically, data from the 2000 US census? f. Do White females aged 20-29 living in St. Louis earn less than White females aged 20-29 living in Los Angeles? g. What percentage of California’s population is classified as White? h. Do females aged 20-24 have a higher death rate than males aged 20-24? i. In Ohio, are there more people classified as Chinese than Japanese? j. What proportion of Missouri’s population is aged 80 and above? An IMR of 75/1,000 means that: a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
7.5% of all children born alive die before their first birthday. 75% of all children born alive die before their first birthday. 7.5% of all pregnancies result in either stillbirth or infant death. 75% of all pregnancies result in either stillbirth or infant death. 7.5% of all children born alive die before their fifth birthday. 75% of all children born alive die before their fifth birthday. none of the above.
In 2005 Country A had a CBR of 10/1,000, which was one third the CBR of Country B. Country B had a CDR of 26/1,000, which was double the CDR of Country A. There was no migration into or out of Country A or County B. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country A was _______ or _________% per year. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country B was ________ or ___________% per year. In 2005, did the population of Country A: increase? decrease? remain the same? In 2005, did the population of Country B: increase? decrease? remain the same? BONUS At this rate the approximate doubling time for Country B’s population would be
______ years.
In 2008 Russia’s CDR was higher than its CBR. If neither of these rates change over the next 10 years, then from 2008 until 2018: a. Russia’s population will increase. b. Russia’s population will decrease. c. Russia’s population will remain the same. d. All of the above are possible. Country A is a poor nation undergoing a demographic transition. Country B is a wealthy nation that completed its demographic transition several decades ago. Based on the data presented below, which of the following countries would you expect to have the higher and lower CDR? Country A B
IMR 15.0/1,000 3.9/1,000
Total Fertility Rate 5.8 births/woman 1.3 births/woman
e0 52 years 79 years
Higher CDR ________________
Lower CDR _________________
Justify your answer.
Life Table Questions age interval 0 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+
Males, Sweden (2006) qx lx 0.0031 100,000 0.0007 99,692 0.0006 99,626 0.0006 99,564 0.0020 99,505 0.0034 99,307 0.0031 98,971 0.0030 98,664 0.0044 98,373 0.0066 97,939 0.0102 97,295 0.0187 96,302 0.0290 94,497 0.0462 91,760 0.0764 87,520 0.1261 80,830 0.2082 70,641 0.3484 55,933 0.5313 36,444 0.6880 17,081 0.7949 5,329 1.0000 1,093
ex 78.7 78.0 74.0 69.1 64.1 59.2 54.4 49.6 44.7 39.9 35.1 30.5 26.0 21.7 17.7 13.9 10.6 7.7 5.4 3.8 2.6 1.9
What is the male life expectancy at birth?
Sweden ___ USA ____ On average, to what age can males who reach age 30 expect to live? Sweden ___ USA ____
age interval 0 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+
Males, USA (2006) qx lx 0.0072 100,000 0.0013 99,277 0.0007 99,152 0.0010 99,078 0.0044 98,976 0.0069 98,541 0.0067 97,860 0.0071 97,206 0.0091 96,516 0.0140 95,640 0.0212 94,300 0.0317 92,301 0.0440 89,372 0.0664 85,443 0.0967 79,773 0.1477 72,057 0.2219 61,417 0.3334 47,790 0.4814 31,856 0.6221 16,522 0.7402 6,244 1.0000 1,622
ex 75.5 75.0 71.1 66.2 61.2 56.5 51.9 47.2 42.5 37.9 33.4 29.0 24.9 20.9 17.3 13.8 10.8 8.2 6.0 4.3 3.0 2.1
Who has a higher probability of dying during the 45 to 49 age interval?
Swedish males _______
US males _______
What percentage of males can expect to live from birth to age 50? Sweden ___ USA ____
Thomas Malthus, author of the influential 1798 treatise An Essay on the Principles of Population, argued that populations are kept in balance with resources through two means: (1) marital practices and (2) mortality. He referred to these, respectively, as:
(1) ____________________ checks and (2) ____________________ checks on population growth.
True or False: Because the Netherlands is more densely populated than England, the population of the Netherlands is greater than the population of England. Calculate the rates of increase and doubling or halving times for each of the following nations (assuming all rates remain constant). RATE Haiti Ukraine Canada CBR
29
10
11
CDR
11
16
7
Migration (rate/1,000 pop.)
-3
-1
7
Rate of Increase Doubling or Halving Time
Short Essay According to the article you read by Daniel Goodkind (The 2000 Census Underreporting Surprise), China’s 2000 census failed to count roughly 37 million people. Who were these people? Why did the census fail to count them? How would you classify this omission in terms of the potential sources of errors on a census that your textbook discussed? Short Essay Kate Macintyre (Famine and the Female Mortality Advantage) discusses several possible explanations for why women apparently fare better than men during famines. How did she categorize these explanations? Discuss one explanation per category for why women apparently fare better than men during famines.
Name:_____________________________________
Which of the following questions cannot be answered using data from a single census, specifically, data from the 2000 US census? a. Do White females aged 20-29 living in St. Louis earn less than White females aged 20-29 living in Los Angeles? b. What percentage of California’s population is classified as White? c. Do females aged 20-24 have a higher death rate than males aged 20-24? d. In Ohio, are there more people classified as Chinese than Japanese? e. What proportion of Missouri’s population is aged 80 and above? In a brief essay, explain your answer. In 2005 Country A had a CBR of 10/1,000, which was one third the CBR of Country B. Country B had a CDR of 26/1,000, which was double the CDR of Country A. Both countries had people move in and move out, but neither counted the number of migrants. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country A was ________ or _________% per year. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country B was ________ or __________% per year. In 2005, did the population of Country A: Increase? Decrease? Remain the same? Can’t tell? In 2005, did the population of Country B: Increase? Decrease? Remain the same? Can’t tell? According to the article you read by Daniel Goodkind (The 2000 Census Underreporting Surprise), China’s 2000 census failed to count roughly 37 million people. (1) Who were these people? (2) How would you classify this omission in terms of the potential sources of errors on a census that your textbook discussed (i.e., coverage, content, and estimating errors)? How would you use Wolf Bleek’s insights on “lying informants” to help explain why the census failed to count these people? Scholars have determined that human populations began to grow more rapidly during the Neolithic period, or after the invention of agriculture. Based on the chart below and what you read in Harris and Ross (Population Regulation among Early Human Foragers), would you argue that the resulting population growth was due to an increase in fertility, a decrease in mortality, or both? Explain your answer.
Demographic Transition Draw a line on the graph below that illustrates what would happen to the population growth rate over time. Draw a line on the graph below that illustrates what would happen to the population size over time. After drawing your lines, answer the following: (1) Describe the relationships between the changing birth rate, death rate, rate of population growth, and size of the population. (2) How has the demographic transition changed the earth’s population from the 1950s to the present?
Name the three most fundamental demographic processes studied by demographers.
a.______________ b.________________ c.________________
The following terms were used in class to contrast demography with anthropology. Fill in the table below with the letters associated with the appropriate terms. a. quantitative b. suspicion c. qualitative
d. short-term survey work e. micro level (small samples) f. long-term fieldwork Demography
The scale at which they work. The nature of their data. The way in which they gather data. Their relationship with institutions of power.
g. macro level (large samples) h. alignment and dependence
Anthropology
Which of the following questions cannot be answered using data from a single census, specifically, data from the 2000 US census? f. Do White females aged 20-29 living in St. Louis earn less than White females aged 20-29 living in Los Angeles? g. What percentage of California’s population is classified as White? h. Do females aged 20-24 have a higher death rate than males aged 20-24? i. In Ohio, are there more people classified as Chinese than Japanese? j. What proportion of Missouri’s population is aged 80 and above? An IMR of 75/1,000 means that: a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
7.5% of all children born alive die before their first birthday. 75% of all children born alive die before their first birthday. 7.5% of all pregnancies result in either stillbirth or infant death. 75% of all pregnancies result in either stillbirth or infant death. 7.5% of all children born alive die before their fifth birthday. 75% of all children born alive die before their fifth birthday. none of the above.
In 2005 Country A had a CBR of 10/1,000, which was one third the CBR of Country B. Country B had a CDR of 26/1,000, which was double the CDR of Country A. There was no migration into or out of Country A or County B. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country A was _______ or _________% per year. The Rate of Natural Increase for Country B was ________ or ___________% per year. In 2005, did the population of Country A: increase? decrease? remain the same? In 2005, did the population of Country B: increase? decrease? remain the same? BONUS At this rate the approximate doubling time for Country B’s population would be
______ years.
In 2008 Russia’s CDR was higher than its CBR. If neither of these rates change over the next 10 years, then from 2008 until 2018: a. Russia’s population will increase. b. Russia’s population will decrease. c. Russia’s population will remain the same. d. All of the above are possible. Country A is a poor nation undergoing a demographic transition. Country B is a wealthy nation that completed its demographic transition several decades ago. Based on the data presented below, which of the following countries would you expect to have the higher and lower CDR? Country A B
IMR 15.0/1,000 3.9/1,000
Total Fertility Rate 5.8 births/woman 1.3 births/woman
e0 52 years 79 years
Higher CDR ________________
Lower CDR _________________
Justify your answer.
Life Table Questions age interval 0 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+
Males, Sweden (2006) qx lx 0.0031 100,000 0.0007 99,692 0.0006 99,626 0.0006 99,564 0.0020 99,505 0.0034 99,307 0.0031 98,971 0.0030 98,664 0.0044 98,373 0.0066 97,939 0.0102 97,295 0.0187 96,302 0.0290 94,497 0.0462 91,760 0.0764 87,520 0.1261 80,830 0.2082 70,641 0.3484 55,933 0.5313 36,444 0.6880 17,081 0.7949 5,329 1.0000 1,093
ex 78.7 78.0 74.0 69.1 64.1 59.2 54.4 49.6 44.7 39.9 35.1 30.5 26.0 21.7 17.7 13.9 10.6 7.7 5.4 3.8 2.6 1.9
What is the male life expectancy at birth?
Sweden ___ USA ____ On average, to what age can males who reach age 30 expect to live? Sweden ___ USA ____
age interval 0 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+
Males, USA (2006) qx lx 0.0072 100,000 0.0013 99,277 0.0007 99,152 0.0010 99,078 0.0044 98,976 0.0069 98,541 0.0067 97,860 0.0071 97,206 0.0091 96,516 0.0140 95,640 0.0212 94,300 0.0317 92,301 0.0440 89,372 0.0664 85,443 0.0967 79,773 0.1477 72,057 0.2219 61,417 0.3334 47,790 0.4814 31,856 0.6221 16,522 0.7402 6,244 1.0000 1,622
ex 75.5 75.0 71.1 66.2 61.2 56.5 51.9 47.2 42.5 37.9 33.4 29.0 24.9 20.9 17.3 13.8 10.8 8.2 6.0 4.3 3.0 2.1
Who has a higher probability of dying during the 45 to 49 age interval?
Swedish males _______
US males _______
What percentage of males can expect to live from birth to age 50? Sweden ___ USA ____
Thomas Malthus, author of the influential 1798 treatise An Essay on the Principles of Population, argued that populations are kept in balance with resources through two means: (1) marital practices and (2) mortality. He referred to these, respectively, as:
(1) ____________________ checks and (2) ____________________ checks on population growth.
True or False: Because the Netherlands is more densely populated than England, the population of the Netherlands is greater than the population of England. Calculate the rates of increase and doubling or halving times for each of the following nations (assuming all rates remain constant). RATE Haiti Ukraine Canada CBR
29
10
11
CDR
11
16
7
Migration (rate/1,000 pop.)
-3
-1
7
Rate of Increase Doubling or Halving Time
Short Essay According to the article you read by Daniel Goodkind (The 2000 Census Underreporting Surprise), China’s 2000 census failed to count roughly 37 million people. Who were these people? Why did the census fail to count them? How would you classify this omission in terms of the potential sources of errors on a census that your textbook discussed? Short Essay Kate Macintyre (Famine and the Female Mortality Advantage) discusses several possible explanations for why women apparently fare better than men during famines. How did she categorize these explanations? Discuss one explanation per category for why women apparently fare better than men during famines.
