Krebs, W.N. 1983. Ecology of neritic marine diatoms, Arthur Harbor, Antarctica. Micropaleontology, 29(3), 267 - 297. La!, D., and A. Lerman. 1973. Dissolution and behavior of particulate biogenic matter in the ocean: Some theoretical considerations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78, 7100 - 7111. Lisitzin, A.P. 1972. Sedimentation in the world ocean. (SEPM Special Publication 17.) Tulsa, Ok.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.
Smith, W. 0., and D. Nelson. 1985. Phytoplankton bloom produced by receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial coherence with the density field. Science, 227, 163 - 166. Sullivan, C.W., A.C. Palmisano, S. Kottmeier, and R. Moe. 1982. Development of the sea-ice microbial community in McMurdo Sound. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 17(5), 155 - 157.
Wilkes Land Expedition 1985
L. Hunt's group at the University of California, Irvine, conducted ornithological research, and David L. Garrison from the University of California, Santa Cruz, conducted biological oceanographic studies. Technical assistance was provided by Timothy J. Fields and James A. Schmitt from Scripps Institution of Oceanography and by the Marine Science Department of the
THEODORE D. FOSTER
Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz, California 95064
Polar Star.
50°E
160°E 65°S
650S
The Wilkes Land Expedition 1985 sought to study an almost unexplored region of the southern oceans off Wilkes Land between 147° and 162°E. The scientific party embarked on the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Polar Star on 12 February 1985 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, and disembarked on 9 March 1985 at Wellington, New Zealand. The primary impetus for the expedition was the suggestion of Carmack and Killworth (1978) that this region may be a source of deep water which may be an important contribution to the abyssal waters of the world ocean. Satellite sea-ice observations have shown that this region is nearly always ice-covered even in austral summer; 1985 proved to be no exception. The continental shelf portion of the region was found to be covered with closely packed ice floes. The icebreaking capabilities of the ship limited penetration of the region to the edges of the ice pack. Nevertheless, most of the region was explored. The primary research program's goal was to make a physical and chemical reconnaissance of the potential deep-water formation region. The physical oceanography program was directed by Theodore D. Foster of the University of California, Santa Cruz, and included participation by Miao Yutian, a scientific observer from the Second Institute of Oceanography of the People's Republic of China, and Eric C. Eckert of the University of California, Santa Cruz. The chemical oceanography program was under the direction of Robert L. Michel of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and included participation by Roy A. Schroeder of the United States Geological Survey, Robin S. Keir of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Frederick A. Van Woy from Ray F. Weiss' group at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. In addition to the investigation of deep-water formation, Nancy M. Harrison and Zoe A. Eppley from George
195 REVIEW
70°S
50E
1600E
700 S
Track of Polar Star and positions of hydrographic stations during Wilkes Land Expedition 1985.
The figure shows the cruise track of Polar Star in the potential deep-water formation region off Wilkes Land. A total of 86 hydrographic stations were occupied in this region. In addition, two test stations were occupied proceeding to the area, and five hydrographic stations were attempted on the transit to Wellington. Winch failure and inability of Polar Star to carry out satisfactory open-water hydrographic work, as well as a shortened cruise, prevented completion of this section. Reference Carmack, E. C., and P.D. Killworth. 1978. Formation and interleaving of abyssal water masses off Wilkes Land, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 357 - 369.
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