Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
OREGON ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
Prepared By:
Energy Resources Research laboratory Oregon State University
October 30, 2007
NOTICE This publication was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. Neither the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or reliability of the research data, and conclusions reported herein, or of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. For these reasons and for the reason that the views, opinions, and conclusions contained in this material are those of the contractor.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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OREGON ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
Prepared by: Philip L. Barbour Stel N. Walker, Ph.D. Energy Resources Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331
Sponsor: Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. 733 SW Oak Street, Suite 200 Portland Oregon,97205
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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1.0
SITE DESCRIPTION Site Name: Latitude: Longitude: Elevation: County: Tower Height: Types of Sensors: Instrumentation: Types of Data:
Installation Date: Data Available to:
Morrow County 50m 45-30.268 (WGS 84) 119-33.399 1856 ft. Morrow 50 meter NRG Maximum #40 wind speed NRG 200 series2 wind vane 50m (164 ft.) – Wind Speed (2), Wind Direction 40m (131 ft.) – Wind Speed, Wind Direction 30m ( 99 ft.) – Wind Speed 10 min. average wind speed (mph) 10 min. mean wind direction (deg) 10 min temperature (Deg F) Standard Deviation, maximum and minimum over 10 min. period also available for each data type. February 15, 2006 July 31, 2007
Site Location: This property is in north-central Oregon about five miles NE of the town of Lexington in Morrow County. The property consists of rolling hills separated by canyons and most of the area is used as farm land. The area slopes down to the north towards the Columbia River and the City of Boardman. There are some higher peaks to the south and east. The terrain is open and the site is well exposed. The tower location is marked on the map included in Appendix A. Project Description: The owners are interested in persuing a small community oriented wind project. A 20m tower was installed at the site prior to the 50m tower and showed promising winds.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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2.0
WIND DATA PROCESSING
NRG equipment was used at this site including #40 anemometers and a Symphony data logger. Data chips were swaped out on roughly a monthly basis by a nearby land woner and sent to the ERRL. Raw NRG Symphony files were read and downloaded from the data cards. Documentation about the site including sensor levels and location was not provided. GPS coordinates were verified in September 2007. The boom orientation of the direction sensors was estimated to be 045 deg. However, this will need to be verified when the tower is lowered. NRG Symphony software was used to read these files and produce monthly files of ten minute averages. These files were then converted to hourly averages and converted to an internal ERRL format to accommodate data checking and to perform analysis using existing programs. In this process each level/site combination is assigned a two digit site code. Theses codes are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Site codes and information for the Morrow Co. 50m site location. Site ID
Site Name
Latitude
Longitude
Elev.
Sensor Ht
dd-mm-ss
dd-mm-ss
(ft)
(ft)
Period of Record
W1
Morrow Co.
45-30.291
119-33.310
1882
164
Feb. 15 2006 - July 31 2007
W2
Morrow Co.
45-30.291
119-33.310
1882
131
Feb. 15 2006 - July 31 2007
W3
Morrow Co,
45-30.291
119-33.310
1882
99
Feb. 15 2006 - July 31 2007
In addition to the filter available for use with the NRG Symphony software, data files were also scanned manually to identify any additional periods in which ice was might be present and to identify any additional problems. Several significant and sustained icing periods were detected primarily during the months of December 2006 and January 2007. A few isolated periods were also observed in February and March 2007
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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100 90 80 70 60
W1 W2
50 40 30 20 10 0
W3
02 /0 6 03 /0 6 04 /0 6 05 /0 6 06 /0 6 07 /0 6 08 /0 6 09 /0 6 10 /0 6 11 /0 6 12 /0 6 01 /0 7 02 /0 7 03 /0 7 04 /0 7 05 /0 7 06 /0 7 07 /0 7
Data Recovery (%)
DATA RECOVERY
Month/Year Figure 1: Data recovery for the 3 levels of the Morrow 50m site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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3.0
WIND CHARACTERISTICS
In the following sections, several characteristics of the winds at the Morrow County 50 m site are examined and discussed. The goals are to evaluate the characteristics that can help explain the physical processes at work at the site and to highlight the properties that are important to assessing the wind energy potential. These evaluations are done using hourly averaged means that have been constructed using the 10 minute means recorded at the site. This is done so that existing analysis programs can be used and is not expected to have any appreciable influence on the interpretation of data. Plots of various quantities are included in this section and more complete tables can be found in Appendix B. This analysis is also confined to a single annual period. This is done so that the results are not biased by the addition of data from only a single season or a portion of a year. The period analyzed here is for May 1, 2006 to April 30 2007. Monthly Means: Table 2: Monthly Mean Wind Speed Values and data recovery rates for the annual study period.
W1 50m (164') Month
Mean (mph)
W2 40m (131')
Rec. (%)
Mean (mph)
W3 30m (99')
Rec. (%)
Mean (mph)
Rec. (%)
MAY
13.9
100.0
13.7
100.0
13.2
100.0
JUN
13.5
100.0
13.3
100.0
12.8
100.0
JUL
14.9
100.0
14.6
100.0
14.1
100.0
AUG
14.2
100.0
14.0
100.0
13.6
100.0
SEP
13.1
100.0
12.9
100.0
12.5
100.0
OCT
12.8
100.0
12.6
100.0
12.2
100.0
NOV
18.7
99.9
18.2
100.0
17.2
99.9
DEC
11.8
84.0
11.7
83.5
10.8
86.3
JAN
14.0
81.3
13.9
80.9
13.3
80.2
FEB
15.6
90.3
15.5
90.5
14.6
91.4
MAR APR
13.3 14.4
100.0 100.0
13.2 14.6
100.0 100.0
12.8 14.0
100.0 100.0
ANN
14.2
96.3
14.0
96.2
13.4
96.5
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Diurnal Means: Diurnal Mean Winds 20
Wind Speed (mph)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
Hour of Day AVE Jan
1900
2100
2300
Jul
Figure 2: Diurnal mean wind speed values for the 50 m level of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Frequency Distribution:
Frequency Distribution 6 50m
Frequency (%)
5
30m
4 3 2 1 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Wind Speed Category Figure 3: Wind speed frequency distribution for the 50m and 30m levels of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Wind Rose:
Annual Wind Rose 25
Frequency (%)
20 15 10 5 0 N
NE
E
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
Direction Category
a)
Annual Wind Rose
30
Mean Speed (mph)
SE
25 20 15 10 5 0 N
b)
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 4a-b: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories from the 50m level of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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a)
b)
JANUARY
JANUARY
40
30
Mean Speed (mph)
Frequency (%)
25 30
20
10
0
20 15 10 5 0
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
N
NE
E
Direction Category
c)
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
d)
JULY
JULY
40
30
Mean Speed (mph)
Frequency (%)
25
30
20
10
0
20 15 10 5 0
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
N
NE
Direction Category
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 5a-d: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories for the months of January and July from the 50m level of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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4.0
CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Measurements taken over a single one-year period can provide a good estimation of the winds and wind energy potential of a site. However, this is a fairly limited period and is only meaningful if we can place the period into a larger climatological context. The difficulty with this is usually finding appropriate long-term sites to base this on. For the current site, the nearest site with a sufficient long-term wind records is the long-term BPA wind monitoring site at Kennewick, Washington. The location and site information for this site is shown in Table 3. The long-term normals are taken using data from 1987 to 2007 at Kennewick. The wind speed departures show that the winds at Kennewick were very close to normal for this period as a whole (+0.4%). The strongest departures were observed during the months November (+29.3%) and December (-19.7%). These departures suggest that conditions observed at the Morrow 50m site may not have been normal for certain months but were close to normal for the overall period. With a larger departure it would be possible to apply a correction. As it stands, any adjustment would likely be withing the range of uncertainty at the site.
Table 3: Monthly mean and departures for winds at the BPA Kennewick wind site. Kennewick BPA Latitude: 45.104 N Elevation: 2200' Longitude 119.129 W Month
Normal (mph) Mean (mph) Departure 1987-2007
current
May
17.6
17.0
-3.4
Jun
17.6
15.3
-13.1
Jul
15.7
17.6
12.1
Aug
15.4
14.1
-8.4
Sept
14.9
13.2
-11.4
Oct
17.2
17.0
-1.2
Nov
20.5
26.5
29.3
Dec
18.3
14.7
-19.7
Jan
20.5
20.6
0.5
Feb
18.5
21.3
15.1
Mar
19.3
19.1
-1.0
Apr
17.9
17.9
0.0
ANN
17.8
17.9
0.4
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
(%)
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5.0
SITE POWER CHARACTERISTICS
In order to evaluate the wind power potential at this site a number of quantities were computed using the collected wind data. As with the wind characteristics, hourly wind data was used to complete this work. The power density calculation requires air density. This is estimated assuming a standard atmosphere and the site elevation. The computed quantities include the monthly mean and recovery rate of the hourly values, the maximum one hour average, the available power, the frequency that the wind was observed within a wind speed range (12 mph to 60 mph) and the shear coefficient (alpha). These quantities are shown in Table 5 and reveal a number of things about the potential for generating energy at the site. Table 5: Observed and computed power quantities for the Morrow 50 meter Site. Values shown are for the 50m (164 ft.) and 30m (99 ft.) levels. The last three columns are for the 50m level. 50 m Month
30 m
Mean
Recovery
Mean
Recovery
(mph)
Rate (%)
(mph)
Rate (%)
Shear Factor
Time in Range (12-60) Max 1-Hr (mph)
mph (%)
Available Energy KWh/m**2
May
13.9
100.0
13.2
100.0
0.103
34.9
52.8
203
Jun
13.5
100.0
12.8
100.0
0.104
31.2
51.8
168
Jul
14.9
100.0
14.1
100.0
0.114
36.7
60.1
219
Aug
14.2
100.0
13.6
100.0
0.094
38.0
53.1
224
Sep
13.1
100.0
12.5
100.0
0.095
42.6
46.5
200
Oct
12.8
100.0
12.2
100.0
0.089
46.9
48.1
217
Nov
18.7
99.9
17.2
99.9
0.168
58.3
63.6
574
Dec
11.8
84.0
10.8
86.3
0.171
51.9
32.3
339
Jan
14.0
81.3
13.3
80.2
0.104
52.4
42.3
413
Feb
15.6
90.3
14.6
91.4
0.137
44.7
59.3
312
Mar
13.3
100.0
12.8
100.0
0.077
38.6
51.5
206
Apr
14.4
100.0
14.0
100.0
0.053
45.8
54.9
212
ANN
14.2
96.0
13.4
96.2
0.110
58.3
51.7
3246
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Available Power
Available Power (kWh/m**2)
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Figure 6: Monthly available power for 50m level of the Morrow 50 m site.
An analysis program was run to evaluate the energy that could be produced by four separate wind turbine types. To do this, an analysis program was run that adjusts the site Weibul distribution using the shear coefficient (alpha) calculated from the hourly values (from 90 ft. to 170 ft.). Density variations are approximated using the site elevation and a standard atmosphere. Four wind turbine types are shown for reference. Table 6 compares the gross capacity factors for each month for the four wind turbines. Net capacity factor estimates would account for array losses, availability losses electric line and transmission losses, yaw, turbulence, control, blade soiling, icing and high wind cycling. While these losses would be dependent upon the design of the wind farm, a general estimate is that these losses could be in the range of eleven to fifteen percent.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Table 6: Gross monthly and annual capacity factors for four wind turbine types. Turbine Size (kW)
AER
Furlander
Nordic
GE Wind
1500-77
1500-77
N1000
70.5
1500
1500
1000
1500
213
213
197
210
May
0.299
0.288
0.217
0.262
Jun
0.288
0.279
0.202
0.246
Jul
0.344
0.333
0.249
0.299
Aug
0.326
0.314
0.240
0.286
Sep
0.275
0.267
0.202
0.242
Oct
0.277
0.268
0.210
0.247
Nov
0.478
0.461
0.410
0.459
Dec
0.230
0.224
0.202
0.228
Jan
0.305
0.296
0.266
0.295
Feb
0.386
0.373
0.303
0.349
Mar
0.292
0.283
0.218
0.256
Apr
0.301
0.299
0.227
0.271
ANN
0.315
0.308
0.245
0.287
Hub Ht. (ft.)
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Summary, 1)
No documentation was provided outlining the sensor positions on the tower. After a visual inspection of the tower in September 2007 an offset was added to the direction sensors to compensated for the boom orientation. Ultimately, this will have to be verified when the tower is lowered.
2)
The measured shear coefficient between the 30 meter and 50 meter levels was 0.110 on an annual basis
3)
Winds varied some with season but not widely, During all seasons the winds came primarily from the southwest to west.
4)
Computed gross capacity factors for four sample wind turbine types were found in a range between 25 % and 31 %. Estimates of the net capacity factors would be somewhat lower.
5)
A comparison with wind data from a nearby long-term wind monitoring site indicated that the wind observed over the analysis period (May 2006 to April 2007) were very close to the expected long-term mean although several individual months varied significantly.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Appendix A: Topographic map of the general area in which the Morrow 50m site is located.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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The location of the Morrow 50 m tower and the 20m Anemometer Loan Program tower.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Appendix B: Photographs of Site. View of 50m Tower looking NW from 20m Tower location.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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View of 50m Tower Boom Orientation.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Appendix C: Miscellaneous analysis Tables. STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) WIND SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION WITH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 5/2006 - 4/2007 NORMALIZATION PERIOD - ONE YEAR AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR PERIOD: 14.2 MPH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY: 3249.9 KWH/M**2/YEAR TOTAL HOURS OBSERVED: 8436 NORMALIZED SPD HOURS/ AVAIL. ENERGY MPH PERIOD RELFREQ CUMHRS CUMRELFREQ KWH/M**2/YEAR 0 0 0.00 8436 100.00 0.0 1 214 2.54 8436 100.00 0.0 2 292 3.46 8222 97.46 0.1 3 333 3.95 7930 94.00 0.5 4 385 4.56 7597 90.05 1.3 5 383 4.54 7212 85.49 2.6 6 430 5.10 6829 80.95 5.0 7 466 5.52 6399 75.85 8.6 8 387 4.59 5933 70.33 10.7 9 339 4.02 5546 65.74 13.3 10 367 4.35 5207 61.72 19.7 11 297 3.52 4840 57.37 21.3 12 352 4.17 4543 53.85 32.7 13 289 3.43 4191 49.68 34.1 14 261 3.09 3902 46.25 38.5 15 266 3.15 3641 43.16 48.3 16 260 3.08 3375 40.01 57.2 17 252 2.99 3115 36.93 66.6 18 260 3.08 2863 33.94 81.5 19 226 2.68 2603 30.86 83.3 20 226 2.68 2377 28.18 97.2 21 232 2.75 2151 25.50 115.5 22 239 2.83 1919 22.75 136.8 23 206 2.44 1680 19.91 134.7 24 239 2.83 1474 17.47 177.6 25 213 2.52 1235 14.64 178.9 26 179 2.12 1022 12.11 169.1 27 129 1.53 843 9.99 136.5 28 111 1.32 714 8.46 131.0 29 94 1.11 603 7.15 123.2 30 81 0.96 509 6.03 117.6 31 59 0.70 428 5.07 94.5 32 49 0.58 369 4.37 86.3 33 42 0.50 320 3.79 81.1 34 30 0.36 278 3.30 63.4 35 27 0.32 248 2.94 62.2 36 38 0.45 221 2.62 95.3 37 25 0.30 183 2.17 68.1 38 28 0.33 158 1.87 82.6 39 37 0.44 130 1.54 118.0 40 11 0.13 93 1.10 37.8 41 13 0.15 82 0.97 48.2 42 14 0.17 69 0.82 55.8 43 8 0.09 55 0.65 34.2 44 9 0.11 47 0.56 41.2 45 10 0.12 38 0.45 49.0 46 4 0.05 28 0.33 20.9 47 3 0.04 24 0.28 16.7 48 3 0.04 21 0.25 17.8 49 5 0.06 18 0.21 31.6 50 4 0.05 13 0.15 26.9 51 1 0.01 9 0.11 7.1 52 4 0.05 8 0.09 30.2 53 1 0.01 4 0.05 8.0 54 0 0.00 3 0.04 0.0 55 1 0.01 3 0.04 8.9 56 0 0.00 2 0.02 0.0 57 1 0.01 2 0.02 10.0 58 1 0 01 1 0 01 10 5
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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0.0 0 14.0 605
17.8 303 15.6 607
FEB 15.3 744 13.3 744
MAR 13.6 720 14.4 720
APR
0.0 0 13.9 602
17.4 302 15.5 608
FEB 14.9 744 13.2 744
MAR 13.3 720 14.6 720
APR
2006 # OBS 2007 # OBS
0.0 0 13.3 597
JAN 16.7 303 14.6 614
FEB 14.4 744 12.8 744
MAR 12.9 720 14.0 720
APR
STATION - Morrow 50m (W3- 30 m) MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 2/2006 -
2006 # OBS 2007 # OBS
JAN
STATION - Morrow 50m (W2- 40 m) MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 2/2006 -
2006 # OBS 2007 # OBS
JAN
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 2/2006 -
13.2 744 14.7 744
MAY
7/2007
13.7 744 15.1 744
MAY
7/2007
13.9 744 15.3 744
MAY
7/2007
12.8 720 15.5 720
JUN
13.3 720 16.0 720
JUN
13.5 720 16.3 720
JUN
14.1 744 14.3 744
JUL
14.6 744 14.8 744
JUL
14.9 744 14.9 744
JUL
13.6 744 0.0 0
AUG
14.0 744 0.0 0
AUG
14.2 744 0.0 0
AUG
12.5 720 0.0 0
SEP
12.9 720 0.0 0
SEP
13.1 720 0.0 0
SEP
12.2 744 0.0 0
OCT
12.6 744 0.0 0
OCT
12.8 744 0.0 0
OCT
17.2 719 0.0 0
NOV
18.2 720 0.0 0
NOV
18.7 719 0.0 0
NOV
10.8 642 0.0 0
DEC
11.7 621 0.0 0
DEC
11.8 625 0.0 0
DEC
13.53 14.16
7544 4883
AVG
14.71
4882
# OBS
14.09
7523
AVG
14.82
4884
# OBS
14.36
AVG
7527
# OBS
7.99
8.40
SD
8.37
8.86
SD
8.67
9.18
SD
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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12.7 17.2 13.4 15.3 11.4 14.3 15.5 13.7 12.8 13.2 18.9 13.0
12.7 17.5 13.5 14.8 11.7 13.5 14.6 13.4 12.7 12.9 18.6 12.1
13.8 16.2 14.1 14.0 11.6 12.7 14.1 13.3 12.4 12.7 17.6 11.1
600 14.0 16.0 12.9 13.5 11.7 12.2 13.5 13.0 11.4 12.9 16.8 11.7
700
800
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400
14.2 15.8 12.4 14.4 11.6 11.7 13.1 12.5 11.6 12.3 17.6 13.1
13.5 15.6 12.8 14.4 12.2 11.1 12.1 11.9 11.6 12.4 18.6 12.9
15.0 15.4 12.6 13.5 12.8 10.8 11.3 11.8 11.7 11.9 18.9 11.8
14.7 15.2 12.3 12.4 13.3 10.9 11.3 12.7 12.7 11.4 19.1 12.0
14.8 15.6 11.9 11.8 13.2 11.0 11.5 12.9 13.1 11.5 18.7 12.7
15.0 15.1 12.0 12.6 14.1 10.8 12.6 13.1 13.7 11.7 18.5 11.2
14.7 14.7 12.0 13.7 14.7 11.4 13.4 13.5 13.1 12.0 19.4 11.5
15.2 13.9 12.2 14.8 16.0 12.5 14.3 13.9 13.1 12.7 19.7 12.1
14.4 14.3 12.4 15.7 16.3 13.1 15.6 14.2 13.2 12.5 18.4 11.4
14.9 14.3 13.2 15.7 16.2 14.1 16.0 14.0 13.5 13.1 15.9 11.2
14.3 13.9 13.8 14.9 15.8 14.9 15.7 13.8 12.9 13.3 17.2 9.8
14.3 14.9 13.3 13.7 15.8 14.5 16.1 14.3 13.8 13.7 18.1 10.8
13.9 15.4 13.1 14.0 16.8 14.5 15.8 15.4 14.3 13.7 19.7 10.5
12.9 15.9 14.4 14.5 16.9 15.0 17.6 16.1 14.2 13.5 19.4 10.6
14.0 15.0 14.7 15.3 15.8 16.3 19.0 17.9 14.3 13.6 19.3 12.2
14.7 16.0 14.6 15.2 15.0 16.7 18.1 17.3 14.1 13.1 20.0 11.7
13.2 16.7 14.3 15.5 14.1 16.4 17.9 16.5 13.9 12.5 21.3 12.2
15.0 14.9 14.4 14.3 14.0 13.6 13.3 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.7 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.2 14.5 14.8 15.1 15.7 15.6 15.4
12.6 17.5 13.7 14.7 11.2 15.1 16.0 14.5 13.0 13.4 18.8 13.1
500
AVG SPD
14.0 16.6 14.6 15.0 12.3 15.3 16.9 15.4 13.2 13.5 19.7 12.5
400
13.7 16.6 14.5 15.7 13.7 15.7 16.4 16.0 13.2 13.2 19.0 12.3
300
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
200
100
4/2007
MON
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) DIURNAL WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 5/2006 -
14.2
14.0 15.6 13.3 14.4 13.9 13.5 14.9 14.2 13.1 12.8 18.7 11.8
AVG SPD
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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NOTE:
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW CALM TOTAL %
DIR
8.8
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 2.1 3.3 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0
16 TO 19
8.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.7 3.5 2.2 0.3 0.0 0.0
19 TO 22
7.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.4 3.6 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
22 TO 25
5.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
25 TO 28
3.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
28 TO 31
1.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
31 TO 34
1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
34 TO 37
1.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
37 TO 40
0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
40 TO 43
0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43 TO 46
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46 TO 49
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
49 TO 52
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52 TO 55
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
>= 55
100.0
2.9 4.8 6.5 5.5 6.3 2.0 0.9 0.6 3.0 5.7 12.7 22.3 18.5 4.4 2.2 1.8 0.0
TOTAL %
14.2
4.8 6.4 7.8 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.7 8.4 20.7 21.3 18.3 18.6 17.1 10.5 6.5 5.1
MEAN SPEED (MPH)
MEAN SPEED OF THE TOTAL IN A WIND ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. WIND ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
9.6
40.6 11.3
13 TO 16 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.9 2.8 2.0 0.5 0.1 0.0
10 TO 13
0.1 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.1 1.9 0.7 0.2 0.1
2.8 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.7 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.9 3.0 4.7 2.4 1.8 1.7
0 TO 10
SPEED CATEGORIES(MPH)
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) WIND ROSE FOR ALL DATA 8396 OBSERVATIONS DATA PERIOD OF RECORD - 5/2006 - 4/2007
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
21
17.4
20.9
7.5
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.1 0.1 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3
ESE
3.8
0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0
SE
7.1
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.2 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1
SSE
293.6
7.3 54.5 2.0 0.8 14.6 1.8 3.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 122.1 86.9
S
505.3
156.0 50.4 25.4 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.0 4.7 203.2 55.3
SSW 96.2 79.3 74.2 78.1 63.7 64.7 92.9 88.3 74.5 79.7 90.1 121.2
WSW
582.4 1003.1
74.2 81.1 37.5 33.5 13.0 23.2 28.5 41.5 29.3 52.8 124.5 43.1
SW
782.8
82.0 42.1 58.5 85.2 85.3 61.3 66.8 72.7 83.2 70.8 37.4 37.4
W
49.7
0.0 0.7 3.9 4.5 4.6 6.9 16.3 9.1 1.4 1.5 0.4 0.3
WNW
6.6
0.0 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
NW
AVAILABLE ENERGY IN AN ENERGY ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. ENERGY ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
23.1
0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 5.0 1.7 0.4 1.6 2.0 3.5 1.7 1.3
E
NOTE:
8.9
0.5 2.4 1.0 3.7 2.1 1.2 0.3 0.5 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.0
ENE
3.2
0.5 0.5 0.9 1.9 7.4 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.5 1.6 0.7 0.4
NE
TOT
0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.0
NNE
0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
N
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MON NORM.
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) ENERGY ROSE (TOTALS ARE NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY (KWH/M**2) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 5/2006 - 4/2007
2.3
0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1
NNW
3317.5
419.4 313.3 206.1 212.9 204.2 168.9 220.0 223.8 201.2 218.0 582.3 347.5
TOTAL
8394
596 603 744 719 743 720 744 744 720 744 709 608
OBS.
8760
744 672 744 720 744 720 744 744 720 744 720 744
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
Prepared By:
Energy Resources Research laboratory Oregon State University
October 30, 2007
NOTICE This publication was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. Neither the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or reliability of the research data, and conclusions reported herein, or of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. For these reasons and for the reason that the views, opinions, and conclusions contained in this material are those of the contractor.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
ii
OREGON ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
Prepared by: Philip L. Barbour Stel N. Walker, Ph.D. Energy Resources Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331
Sponsor: Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. 733 SW Oak Street, Suite 200 Portland Oregon,97205
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
iii
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
iv
1.0
SITE DESCRIPTION Site Name: Latitude: Longitude: Elevation: County: Tower Height: Types of Sensors: Instrumentation: Types of Data:
Installation Date: Data Available to:
Morrow County 50m 45-30.268 (WGS 84) 119-33.399 1856 ft. Morrow 50 meter NRG Maximum #40 wind speed NRG 200 series2 wind vane 50m (164 ft.) – Wind Speed (2), Wind Direction 40m (131 ft.) – Wind Speed, Wind Direction 30m ( 99 ft.) – Wind Speed 10 min. average wind speed (mph) 10 min. mean wind direction (deg) 10 min temperature (Deg F) Standard Deviation, maximum and minimum over 10 min. period also available for each data type. February 15, 2006 July 31, 2007
Site Location: This property is in north-central Oregon about five miles NE of the town of Lexington in Morrow County. The property consists of rolling hills separated by canyons and most of the area is used as farm land. The area slopes down to the north towards the Columbia River and the City of Boardman. There are some higher peaks to the south and east. The terrain is open and the site is well exposed. The tower location is marked on the map included in Appendix A. Project Description: The owners are interested in persuing a small community oriented wind project. A 20m tower was installed at the site prior to the 50m tower and showed promising winds.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
1
2.0
WIND DATA PROCESSING
NRG equipment was used at this site including #40 anemometers and a Symphony data logger. Data chips were swaped out on roughly a monthly basis by a nearby land woner and sent to the ERRL. Raw NRG Symphony files were read and downloaded from the data cards. Documentation about the site including sensor levels and location was not provided. GPS coordinates were verified in September 2007. The boom orientation of the direction sensors was estimated to be 045 deg. However, this will need to be verified when the tower is lowered. NRG Symphony software was used to read these files and produce monthly files of ten minute averages. These files were then converted to hourly averages and converted to an internal ERRL format to accommodate data checking and to perform analysis using existing programs. In this process each level/site combination is assigned a two digit site code. Theses codes are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Site codes and information for the Morrow Co. 50m site location. Site ID
Site Name
Latitude
Longitude
Elev.
Sensor Ht
dd-mm-ss
dd-mm-ss
(ft)
(ft)
Period of Record
W1
Morrow Co.
45-30.291
119-33.310
1882
164
Feb. 15 2006 - July 31 2007
W2
Morrow Co.
45-30.291
119-33.310
1882
131
Feb. 15 2006 - July 31 2007
W3
Morrow Co,
45-30.291
119-33.310
1882
99
Feb. 15 2006 - July 31 2007
In addition to the filter available for use with the NRG Symphony software, data files were also scanned manually to identify any additional periods in which ice was might be present and to identify any additional problems. Several significant and sustained icing periods were detected primarily during the months of December 2006 and January 2007. A few isolated periods were also observed in February and March 2007
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
2
100 90 80 70 60
W1 W2
50 40 30 20 10 0
W3
02 /0 6 03 /0 6 04 /0 6 05 /0 6 06 /0 6 07 /0 6 08 /0 6 09 /0 6 10 /0 6 11 /0 6 12 /0 6 01 /0 7 02 /0 7 03 /0 7 04 /0 7 05 /0 7 06 /0 7 07 /0 7
Data Recovery (%)
DATA RECOVERY
Month/Year Figure 1: Data recovery for the 3 levels of the Morrow 50m site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
3
3.0
WIND CHARACTERISTICS
In the following sections, several characteristics of the winds at the Morrow County 50 m site are examined and discussed. The goals are to evaluate the characteristics that can help explain the physical processes at work at the site and to highlight the properties that are important to assessing the wind energy potential. These evaluations are done using hourly averaged means that have been constructed using the 10 minute means recorded at the site. This is done so that existing analysis programs can be used and is not expected to have any appreciable influence on the interpretation of data. Plots of various quantities are included in this section and more complete tables can be found in Appendix B. This analysis is also confined to a single annual period. This is done so that the results are not biased by the addition of data from only a single season or a portion of a year. The period analyzed here is for May 1, 2006 to April 30 2007. Monthly Means: Table 2: Monthly Mean Wind Speed Values and data recovery rates for the annual study period.
W1 50m (164') Month
Mean (mph)
W2 40m (131')
Rec. (%)
Mean (mph)
W3 30m (99')
Rec. (%)
Mean (mph)
Rec. (%)
MAY
13.9
100.0
13.7
100.0
13.2
100.0
JUN
13.5
100.0
13.3
100.0
12.8
100.0
JUL
14.9
100.0
14.6
100.0
14.1
100.0
AUG
14.2
100.0
14.0
100.0
13.6
100.0
SEP
13.1
100.0
12.9
100.0
12.5
100.0
OCT
12.8
100.0
12.6
100.0
12.2
100.0
NOV
18.7
99.9
18.2
100.0
17.2
99.9
DEC
11.8
84.0
11.7
83.5
10.8
86.3
JAN
14.0
81.3
13.9
80.9
13.3
80.2
FEB
15.6
90.3
15.5
90.5
14.6
91.4
MAR APR
13.3 14.4
100.0 100.0
13.2 14.6
100.0 100.0
12.8 14.0
100.0 100.0
ANN
14.2
96.3
14.0
96.2
13.4
96.5
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
4
Diurnal Means: Diurnal Mean Winds 20
Wind Speed (mph)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
Hour of Day AVE Jan
1900
2100
2300
Jul
Figure 2: Diurnal mean wind speed values for the 50 m level of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Frequency Distribution:
Frequency Distribution 6 50m
Frequency (%)
5
30m
4 3 2 1 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Wind Speed Category Figure 3: Wind speed frequency distribution for the 50m and 30m levels of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
5
Wind Rose:
Annual Wind Rose 25
Frequency (%)
20 15 10 5 0 N
NE
E
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
Direction Category
a)
Annual Wind Rose
30
Mean Speed (mph)
SE
25 20 15 10 5 0 N
b)
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 4a-b: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories from the 50m level of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
6
a)
b)
JANUARY
JANUARY
40
30
Mean Speed (mph)
Frequency (%)
25 30
20
10
0
20 15 10 5 0
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
N
NE
E
Direction Category
c)
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
d)
JULY
JULY
40
30
Mean Speed (mph)
Frequency (%)
25
30
20
10
0
20 15 10 5 0
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
N
NE
Direction Category
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 5a-d: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories for the months of January and July from the 50m level of the Morrow 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
7
4.0
CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Measurements taken over a single one-year period can provide a good estimation of the winds and wind energy potential of a site. However, this is a fairly limited period and is only meaningful if we can place the period into a larger climatological context. The difficulty with this is usually finding appropriate long-term sites to base this on. For the current site, the nearest site with a sufficient long-term wind records is the long-term BPA wind monitoring site at Kennewick, Washington. The location and site information for this site is shown in Table 3. The long-term normals are taken using data from 1987 to 2007 at Kennewick. The wind speed departures show that the winds at Kennewick were very close to normal for this period as a whole (+0.4%). The strongest departures were observed during the months November (+29.3%) and December (-19.7%). These departures suggest that conditions observed at the Morrow 50m site may not have been normal for certain months but were close to normal for the overall period. With a larger departure it would be possible to apply a correction. As it stands, any adjustment would likely be withing the range of uncertainty at the site.
Table 3: Monthly mean and departures for winds at the BPA Kennewick wind site. Kennewick BPA Latitude: 45.104 N Elevation: 2200' Longitude 119.129 W Month
Normal (mph) Mean (mph) Departure 1987-2007
current
May
17.6
17.0
-3.4
Jun
17.6
15.3
-13.1
Jul
15.7
17.6
12.1
Aug
15.4
14.1
-8.4
Sept
14.9
13.2
-11.4
Oct
17.2
17.0
-1.2
Nov
20.5
26.5
29.3
Dec
18.3
14.7
-19.7
Jan
20.5
20.6
0.5
Feb
18.5
21.3
15.1
Mar
19.3
19.1
-1.0
Apr
17.9
17.9
0.0
ANN
17.8
17.9
0.4
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
(%)
8
5.0
SITE POWER CHARACTERISTICS
In order to evaluate the wind power potential at this site a number of quantities were computed using the collected wind data. As with the wind characteristics, hourly wind data was used to complete this work. The power density calculation requires air density. This is estimated assuming a standard atmosphere and the site elevation. The computed quantities include the monthly mean and recovery rate of the hourly values, the maximum one hour average, the available power, the frequency that the wind was observed within a wind speed range (12 mph to 60 mph) and the shear coefficient (alpha). These quantities are shown in Table 5 and reveal a number of things about the potential for generating energy at the site. Table 5: Observed and computed power quantities for the Morrow 50 meter Site. Values shown are for the 50m (164 ft.) and 30m (99 ft.) levels. The last three columns are for the 50m level. 50 m Month
30 m
Mean
Recovery
Mean
Recovery
(mph)
Rate (%)
(mph)
Rate (%)
Shear Factor
Time in Range (12-60) Max 1-Hr (mph)
mph (%)
Available Energy KWh/m**2
May
13.9
100.0
13.2
100.0
0.103
34.9
52.8
203
Jun
13.5
100.0
12.8
100.0
0.104
31.2
51.8
168
Jul
14.9
100.0
14.1
100.0
0.114
36.7
60.1
219
Aug
14.2
100.0
13.6
100.0
0.094
38.0
53.1
224
Sep
13.1
100.0
12.5
100.0
0.095
42.6
46.5
200
Oct
12.8
100.0
12.2
100.0
0.089
46.9
48.1
217
Nov
18.7
99.9
17.2
99.9
0.168
58.3
63.6
574
Dec
11.8
84.0
10.8
86.3
0.171
51.9
32.3
339
Jan
14.0
81.3
13.3
80.2
0.104
52.4
42.3
413
Feb
15.6
90.3
14.6
91.4
0.137
44.7
59.3
312
Mar
13.3
100.0
12.8
100.0
0.077
38.6
51.5
206
Apr
14.4
100.0
14.0
100.0
0.053
45.8
54.9
212
ANN
14.2
96.0
13.4
96.2
0.110
58.3
51.7
3246
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
9
Available Power
Available Power (kWh/m**2)
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
Figure 6: Monthly available power for 50m level of the Morrow 50 m site.
An analysis program was run to evaluate the energy that could be produced by four separate wind turbine types. To do this, an analysis program was run that adjusts the site Weibul distribution using the shear coefficient (alpha) calculated from the hourly values (from 90 ft. to 170 ft.). Density variations are approximated using the site elevation and a standard atmosphere. Four wind turbine types are shown for reference. Table 6 compares the gross capacity factors for each month for the four wind turbines. Net capacity factor estimates would account for array losses, availability losses electric line and transmission losses, yaw, turbulence, control, blade soiling, icing and high wind cycling. While these losses would be dependent upon the design of the wind farm, a general estimate is that these losses could be in the range of eleven to fifteen percent.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
10
Table 6: Gross monthly and annual capacity factors for four wind turbine types. Turbine Size (kW)
AER
Furlander
Nordic
GE Wind
1500-77
1500-77
N1000
70.5
1500
1500
1000
1500
213
213
197
210
May
0.299
0.288
0.217
0.262
Jun
0.288
0.279
0.202
0.246
Jul
0.344
0.333
0.249
0.299
Aug
0.326
0.314
0.240
0.286
Sep
0.275
0.267
0.202
0.242
Oct
0.277
0.268
0.210
0.247
Nov
0.478
0.461
0.410
0.459
Dec
0.230
0.224
0.202
0.228
Jan
0.305
0.296
0.266
0.295
Feb
0.386
0.373
0.303
0.349
Mar
0.292
0.283
0.218
0.256
Apr
0.301
0.299
0.227
0.271
ANN
0.315
0.308
0.245
0.287
Hub Ht. (ft.)
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
11
Summary, 1)
No documentation was provided outlining the sensor positions on the tower. After a visual inspection of the tower in September 2007 an offset was added to the direction sensors to compensated for the boom orientation. Ultimately, this will have to be verified when the tower is lowered.
2)
The measured shear coefficient between the 30 meter and 50 meter levels was 0.110 on an annual basis
3)
Winds varied some with season but not widely, During all seasons the winds came primarily from the southwest to west.
4)
Computed gross capacity factors for four sample wind turbine types were found in a range between 25 % and 31 %. Estimates of the net capacity factors would be somewhat lower.
5)
A comparison with wind data from a nearby long-term wind monitoring site indicated that the wind observed over the analysis period (May 2006 to April 2007) were very close to the expected long-term mean although several individual months varied significantly.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
12
Appendix A: Topographic map of the general area in which the Morrow 50m site is located.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
13
The location of the Morrow 50 m tower and the 20m Anemometer Loan Program tower.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
14
Appendix B: Photographs of Site. View of 50m Tower looking NW from 20m Tower location.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
15
View of 50m Tower Boom Orientation.
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
16
Appendix C: Miscellaneous analysis Tables. STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) WIND SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION WITH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 5/2006 - 4/2007 NORMALIZATION PERIOD - ONE YEAR AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR PERIOD: 14.2 MPH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY: 3249.9 KWH/M**2/YEAR TOTAL HOURS OBSERVED: 8436 NORMALIZED SPD HOURS/ AVAIL. ENERGY MPH PERIOD RELFREQ CUMHRS CUMRELFREQ KWH/M**2/YEAR 0 0 0.00 8436 100.00 0.0 1 214 2.54 8436 100.00 0.0 2 292 3.46 8222 97.46 0.1 3 333 3.95 7930 94.00 0.5 4 385 4.56 7597 90.05 1.3 5 383 4.54 7212 85.49 2.6 6 430 5.10 6829 80.95 5.0 7 466 5.52 6399 75.85 8.6 8 387 4.59 5933 70.33 10.7 9 339 4.02 5546 65.74 13.3 10 367 4.35 5207 61.72 19.7 11 297 3.52 4840 57.37 21.3 12 352 4.17 4543 53.85 32.7 13 289 3.43 4191 49.68 34.1 14 261 3.09 3902 46.25 38.5 15 266 3.15 3641 43.16 48.3 16 260 3.08 3375 40.01 57.2 17 252 2.99 3115 36.93 66.6 18 260 3.08 2863 33.94 81.5 19 226 2.68 2603 30.86 83.3 20 226 2.68 2377 28.18 97.2 21 232 2.75 2151 25.50 115.5 22 239 2.83 1919 22.75 136.8 23 206 2.44 1680 19.91 134.7 24 239 2.83 1474 17.47 177.6 25 213 2.52 1235 14.64 178.9 26 179 2.12 1022 12.11 169.1 27 129 1.53 843 9.99 136.5 28 111 1.32 714 8.46 131.0 29 94 1.11 603 7.15 123.2 30 81 0.96 509 6.03 117.6 31 59 0.70 428 5.07 94.5 32 49 0.58 369 4.37 86.3 33 42 0.50 320 3.79 81.1 34 30 0.36 278 3.30 63.4 35 27 0.32 248 2.94 62.2 36 38 0.45 221 2.62 95.3 37 25 0.30 183 2.17 68.1 38 28 0.33 158 1.87 82.6 39 37 0.44 130 1.54 118.0 40 11 0.13 93 1.10 37.8 41 13 0.15 82 0.97 48.2 42 14 0.17 69 0.82 55.8 43 8 0.09 55 0.65 34.2 44 9 0.11 47 0.56 41.2 45 10 0.12 38 0.45 49.0 46 4 0.05 28 0.33 20.9 47 3 0.04 24 0.28 16.7 48 3 0.04 21 0.25 17.8 49 5 0.06 18 0.21 31.6 50 4 0.05 13 0.15 26.9 51 1 0.01 9 0.11 7.1 52 4 0.05 8 0.09 30.2 53 1 0.01 4 0.05 8.0 54 0 0.00 3 0.04 0.0 55 1 0.01 3 0.04 8.9 56 0 0.00 2 0.02 0.0 57 1 0.01 2 0.02 10.0 58 1 0 01 1 0 01 10 5
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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0.0 0 14.0 605
17.8 303 15.6 607
FEB 15.3 744 13.3 744
MAR 13.6 720 14.4 720
APR
0.0 0 13.9 602
17.4 302 15.5 608
FEB 14.9 744 13.2 744
MAR 13.3 720 14.6 720
APR
2006 # OBS 2007 # OBS
0.0 0 13.3 597
JAN 16.7 303 14.6 614
FEB 14.4 744 12.8 744
MAR 12.9 720 14.0 720
APR
STATION - Morrow 50m (W3- 30 m) MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 2/2006 -
2006 # OBS 2007 # OBS
JAN
STATION - Morrow 50m (W2- 40 m) MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 2/2006 -
2006 # OBS 2007 # OBS
JAN
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 2/2006 -
13.2 744 14.7 744
MAY
7/2007
13.7 744 15.1 744
MAY
7/2007
13.9 744 15.3 744
MAY
7/2007
12.8 720 15.5 720
JUN
13.3 720 16.0 720
JUN
13.5 720 16.3 720
JUN
14.1 744 14.3 744
JUL
14.6 744 14.8 744
JUL
14.9 744 14.9 744
JUL
13.6 744 0.0 0
AUG
14.0 744 0.0 0
AUG
14.2 744 0.0 0
AUG
12.5 720 0.0 0
SEP
12.9 720 0.0 0
SEP
13.1 720 0.0 0
SEP
12.2 744 0.0 0
OCT
12.6 744 0.0 0
OCT
12.8 744 0.0 0
OCT
17.2 719 0.0 0
NOV
18.2 720 0.0 0
NOV
18.7 719 0.0 0
NOV
10.8 642 0.0 0
DEC
11.7 621 0.0 0
DEC
11.8 625 0.0 0
DEC
13.53 14.16
7544 4883
AVG
14.71
4882
# OBS
14.09
7523
AVG
14.82
4884
# OBS
14.36
AVG
7527
# OBS
7.99
8.40
SD
8.37
8.86
SD
8.67
9.18
SD
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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12.7 17.2 13.4 15.3 11.4 14.3 15.5 13.7 12.8 13.2 18.9 13.0
12.7 17.5 13.5 14.8 11.7 13.5 14.6 13.4 12.7 12.9 18.6 12.1
13.8 16.2 14.1 14.0 11.6 12.7 14.1 13.3 12.4 12.7 17.6 11.1
600 14.0 16.0 12.9 13.5 11.7 12.2 13.5 13.0 11.4 12.9 16.8 11.7
700
800
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400
14.2 15.8 12.4 14.4 11.6 11.7 13.1 12.5 11.6 12.3 17.6 13.1
13.5 15.6 12.8 14.4 12.2 11.1 12.1 11.9 11.6 12.4 18.6 12.9
15.0 15.4 12.6 13.5 12.8 10.8 11.3 11.8 11.7 11.9 18.9 11.8
14.7 15.2 12.3 12.4 13.3 10.9 11.3 12.7 12.7 11.4 19.1 12.0
14.8 15.6 11.9 11.8 13.2 11.0 11.5 12.9 13.1 11.5 18.7 12.7
15.0 15.1 12.0 12.6 14.1 10.8 12.6 13.1 13.7 11.7 18.5 11.2
14.7 14.7 12.0 13.7 14.7 11.4 13.4 13.5 13.1 12.0 19.4 11.5
15.2 13.9 12.2 14.8 16.0 12.5 14.3 13.9 13.1 12.7 19.7 12.1
14.4 14.3 12.4 15.7 16.3 13.1 15.6 14.2 13.2 12.5 18.4 11.4
14.9 14.3 13.2 15.7 16.2 14.1 16.0 14.0 13.5 13.1 15.9 11.2
14.3 13.9 13.8 14.9 15.8 14.9 15.7 13.8 12.9 13.3 17.2 9.8
14.3 14.9 13.3 13.7 15.8 14.5 16.1 14.3 13.8 13.7 18.1 10.8
13.9 15.4 13.1 14.0 16.8 14.5 15.8 15.4 14.3 13.7 19.7 10.5
12.9 15.9 14.4 14.5 16.9 15.0 17.6 16.1 14.2 13.5 19.4 10.6
14.0 15.0 14.7 15.3 15.8 16.3 19.0 17.9 14.3 13.6 19.3 12.2
14.7 16.0 14.6 15.2 15.0 16.7 18.1 17.3 14.1 13.1 20.0 11.7
13.2 16.7 14.3 15.5 14.1 16.4 17.9 16.5 13.9 12.5 21.3 12.2
15.0 14.9 14.4 14.3 14.0 13.6 13.3 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.7 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.2 14.5 14.8 15.1 15.7 15.6 15.4
12.6 17.5 13.7 14.7 11.2 15.1 16.0 14.5 13.0 13.4 18.8 13.1
500
AVG SPD
14.0 16.6 14.6 15.0 12.3 15.3 16.9 15.4 13.2 13.5 19.7 12.5
400
13.7 16.6 14.5 15.7 13.7 15.7 16.4 16.0 13.2 13.2 19.0 12.3
300
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
200
100
4/2007
MON
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) DIURNAL WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 5/2006 -
14.2
14.0 15.6 13.3 14.4 13.9 13.5 14.9 14.2 13.1 12.8 18.7 11.8
AVG SPD
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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NOTE:
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW CALM TOTAL %
DIR
8.8
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 2.1 3.3 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0
16 TO 19
8.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.7 3.5 2.2 0.3 0.0 0.0
19 TO 22
7.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.4 3.6 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
22 TO 25
5.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
25 TO 28
3.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
28 TO 31
1.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
31 TO 34
1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
34 TO 37
1.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
37 TO 40
0.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
40 TO 43
0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43 TO 46
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46 TO 49
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
49 TO 52
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52 TO 55
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
>= 55
100.0
2.9 4.8 6.5 5.5 6.3 2.0 0.9 0.6 3.0 5.7 12.7 22.3 18.5 4.4 2.2 1.8 0.0
TOTAL %
14.2
4.8 6.4 7.8 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.7 8.4 20.7 21.3 18.3 18.6 17.1 10.5 6.5 5.1
MEAN SPEED (MPH)
MEAN SPEED OF THE TOTAL IN A WIND ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. WIND ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
9.6
40.6 11.3
13 TO 16 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.9 2.8 2.0 0.5 0.1 0.0
10 TO 13
0.1 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.1 1.9 0.7 0.2 0.1
2.8 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.7 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.9 3.0 4.7 2.4 1.8 1.7
0 TO 10
SPEED CATEGORIES(MPH)
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) WIND ROSE FOR ALL DATA 8396 OBSERVATIONS DATA PERIOD OF RECORD - 5/2006 - 4/2007
Wind Resource Evaluation: Morrow Co. 50m Tower Site
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17.4
20.9
7.5
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.1 0.1 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3
ESE
3.8
0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0
SE
7.1
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.2 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1
SSE
293.6
7.3 54.5 2.0 0.8 14.6 1.8 3.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 122.1 86.9
S
505.3
156.0 50.4 25.4 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.0 4.7 203.2 55.3
SSW 96.2 79.3 74.2 78.1 63.7 64.7 92.9 88.3 74.5 79.7 90.1 121.2
WSW
582.4 1003.1
74.2 81.1 37.5 33.5 13.0 23.2 28.5 41.5 29.3 52.8 124.5 43.1
SW
782.8
82.0 42.1 58.5 85.2 85.3 61.3 66.8 72.7 83.2 70.8 37.4 37.4
W
49.7
0.0 0.7 3.9 4.5 4.6 6.9 16.3 9.1 1.4 1.5 0.4 0.3
WNW
6.6
0.0 0.1 0.7 0.8 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0
NW
AVAILABLE ENERGY IN AN ENERGY ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. ENERGY ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
23.1
0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 5.0 1.7 0.4 1.6 2.0 3.5 1.7 1.3
E
NOTE:
8.9
0.5 2.4 1.0 3.7 2.1 1.2 0.3 0.5 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.0
ENE
3.2
0.5 0.5 0.9 1.9 7.4 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.5 1.6 0.7 0.4
NE
TOT
0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.0
NNE
0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
N
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MON NORM.
STATION - Morrow 50m (W1- 50 m) ENERGY ROSE (TOTALS ARE NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY (KWH/M**2) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 5/2006 - 4/2007
2.3
0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1
NNW
3317.5
419.4 313.3 206.1 212.9 204.2 168.9 220.0 223.8 201.2 218.0 582.3 347.5
TOTAL
8394
596 603 744 719 743 720 744 744 720 744 709 608
OBS.
8760
744 672 744 720 744 720 744 744 720 744 720 744
