World War I AWS
World War I 1. Map of Europe 1914 (who is independent and who is not)
2. Four MAIN causes of World War I a. Militarism: The buildup of each nation’s army, navy and air force so that it was bigger and stronger than their neighboring countries. Arms race – great powers competed to expand military. Fear & suspicion as nations more willing to use military force to attain goals. b. Alliances: By the 1890’s, Europe was divided into two alliances. On one side stood Germany and Austria; on the other side Russia, France and Great Britain. Any dispute involving two of these nations threatened to involve all of them. i. Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire ii. Triple Entente (Allied Powers): France, Britain and Russia…later the United States c. Imperialism: The European Powers had competing economic interests. For example, Russian interests in the Balkans threatened Austria-Hungary. Competing colonial claims added to these tensions. d. Nationalism: Led to further rivalries between nations. i. Balkan Region: Minorities in countries wanted independence which led to violence. ii. Pan-Slavism: Russian nationalist movement tried to draw together all Slavic people – looked to Russia for leadership. Austria Hungary opposed Slavic national movements. 3. “Powder Keg of Europe” = Balkans: With many ethnic groups pushing for independence from Ottoman Empire in particular, any small spark was enough to bring about war.
World War I 4. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: a. Black Hand: Radical group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Gavrilo Princip was the assassin. b. Serbians in Bosnia did not want to be under Austria-Hungary’s control. Serb nationalists felt that Bosnia belonged to Serbia. 5. Domino’s of war declarations: Chain Reaction a. b. c. d. e. f.
Austria demands Serbia become a part of Austria Hungary Russia defends Serbia and protects its Slavic ally Germany is allied with Austria Hungary France is allied with Russia Germany goes through neutral Belgium to attack France Britain declares war on Germany for invading Belgium
6. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria 7. Allied Powers: France, Britain, Serbia, Russia, Italy and Greece 8. Neutral countries: Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway 9. Trench Warfare: Started on the Western Front – German / French border By early 1915, both sides dig in and for over 2 years there was very little movement …a stalemate had been created…. trenches stretched from The English Channel to Switzerland – over 500 miles! Going “over the top” jumping out of the trench and crossing “No Man’s Land” to try to overrun the enemy position. 10. Weapons of WWI: Airplane, Poison Gas, Submarine, Long Range Artillery, Machine Gun and the tank
11. Propaganda Communications technique using one-sided information to shape what people think using poster, writings, songs. Governments want the people to support their nation during war. They make other countries seem evil. If the enemy is a monster, then it is easier to pull the trigger.
12. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare US claimed “freedom of the seas” …. Germans declared unrestricted submarine warfare on any cargo bound for nations that were at war. Eventually this will be one of the reasons the US enters WWI---sinking of the LUSITANIA (passenger ship). 13. Sinking of the Lusitania British shipliner, “Lusitania” was sunk by Germans in 1915. - 128 Americans died - Germany believed the ship carried war materials.
World War I
14. Zimmerman Telegram Germans asked Mexico to side with them and in return they would help Mexico regain New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. Britain intercepted the telegram 15. Total War: War fought at home and on the battlefield. All of a nation’s resources go into the war effort.
Draft men to fight Raise taxes and borrow money Rationing of supplies at home Propaganda Women took jobs that men left behind
16. Armistice: Cease-fire on November 11, 1917. 1On1th hour of 11th day of 11th month, 1918-World War I ends 17. The Big Four: Came together at Versailles to discuss the peace process. a. b. c. d.
Woodrow Wilson: President of the United States-did not want to punish Germany for war. Georges Clemenceau: France- Wants Germany to suffer!! reparations, give back land David Lloyd George: England- worried about Communism in Russia spreading Vittorio Orlando: Italy- failed to succeed in getting land that was promised to him for changing sides (joining the allies)
18. Fourteen Points: US President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points – speech Jan. 1918, 10 months before the end of the war. Served as a basis for peace and a plan for the future.
“The right of self-determination for all nations” ---people have the right to chose their gov’t Establish a League of Nations to settle future problems peacefully. Freedom of the seas and of trade Limitations on arms
19. Treaty of Versailles: “A Peace Built on Quicksand”
Punished Germany harshly! War Guilt Clause- Germany takes full blame for war Reduced German army, banned conscription (forcing soldiers to fight) and manufacture of war weapons-demilitarization Took away German colonies – allies received them Reduced Germany in size – return German territory Alsace-Lorraine to France. Created new nation of Poland Germany had to pay reparations (war payments) to Allied Powers = $33 billion to repay damage for war
20. League of Nations: They approve League of Nations, but US Senate was against it. The United States does not join!!!
World War I Russian Revolution
2. Four MAIN causes of World War I a. Militarism: The buildup of each nation’s army, navy and air force so that it was bigger and stronger than their neighboring countries. Arms race – great powers competed to expand military. Fear & suspicion as nations more willing to use military force to attain goals. b. Alliances: By the 1890’s, Europe was divided into two alliances. On one side stood Germany and Austria; on the other side Russia, France and Great Britain. Any dispute involving two of these nations threatened to involve all of them. i. Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire ii. Triple Entente (Allied Powers): France, Britain and Russia…later the United States c. Imperialism: The European Powers had competing economic interests. For example, Russian interests in the Balkans threatened Austria-Hungary. Competing colonial claims added to these tensions. d. Nationalism: Led to further rivalries between nations. i. Balkan Region: Minorities in countries wanted independence which led to violence. ii. Pan-Slavism: Russian nationalist movement tried to draw together all Slavic people – looked to Russia for leadership. Austria Hungary opposed Slavic national movements. 3. “Powder Keg of Europe” = Balkans: With many ethnic groups pushing for independence from Ottoman Empire in particular, any small spark was enough to bring about war.
World War I 4. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: a. Black Hand: Radical group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Gavrilo Princip was the assassin. b. Serbians in Bosnia did not want to be under Austria-Hungary’s control. Serb nationalists felt that Bosnia belonged to Serbia. 5. Domino’s of war declarations: Chain Reaction a. b. c. d. e. f.
Austria demands Serbia become a part of Austria Hungary Russia defends Serbia and protects its Slavic ally Germany is allied with Austria Hungary France is allied with Russia Germany goes through neutral Belgium to attack France Britain declares war on Germany for invading Belgium
6. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria 7. Allied Powers: France, Britain, Serbia, Russia, Italy and Greece 8. Neutral countries: Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway 9. Trench Warfare: Started on the Western Front – German / French border By early 1915, both sides dig in and for over 2 years there was very little movement …a stalemate had been created…. trenches stretched from The English Channel to Switzerland – over 500 miles! Going “over the top” jumping out of the trench and crossing “No Man’s Land” to try to overrun the enemy position. 10. Weapons of WWI: Airplane, Poison Gas, Submarine, Long Range Artillery, Machine Gun and the tank
11. Propaganda Communications technique using one-sided information to shape what people think using poster, writings, songs. Governments want the people to support their nation during war. They make other countries seem evil. If the enemy is a monster, then it is easier to pull the trigger.
12. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare US claimed “freedom of the seas” …. Germans declared unrestricted submarine warfare on any cargo bound for nations that were at war. Eventually this will be one of the reasons the US enters WWI---sinking of the LUSITANIA (passenger ship). 13. Sinking of the Lusitania British shipliner, “Lusitania” was sunk by Germans in 1915. - 128 Americans died - Germany believed the ship carried war materials.
World War I
14. Zimmerman Telegram Germans asked Mexico to side with them and in return they would help Mexico regain New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. Britain intercepted the telegram 15. Total War: War fought at home and on the battlefield. All of a nation’s resources go into the war effort.
Draft men to fight Raise taxes and borrow money Rationing of supplies at home Propaganda Women took jobs that men left behind
16. Armistice: Cease-fire on November 11, 1917. 1On1th hour of 11th day of 11th month, 1918-World War I ends 17. The Big Four: Came together at Versailles to discuss the peace process. a. b. c. d.
Woodrow Wilson: President of the United States-did not want to punish Germany for war. Georges Clemenceau: France- Wants Germany to suffer!! reparations, give back land David Lloyd George: England- worried about Communism in Russia spreading Vittorio Orlando: Italy- failed to succeed in getting land that was promised to him for changing sides (joining the allies)
18. Fourteen Points: US President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points – speech Jan. 1918, 10 months before the end of the war. Served as a basis for peace and a plan for the future.
“The right of self-determination for all nations” ---people have the right to chose their gov’t Establish a League of Nations to settle future problems peacefully. Freedom of the seas and of trade Limitations on arms
19. Treaty of Versailles: “A Peace Built on Quicksand”
Punished Germany harshly! War Guilt Clause- Germany takes full blame for war Reduced German army, banned conscription (forcing soldiers to fight) and manufacture of war weapons-demilitarization Took away German colonies – allies received them Reduced Germany in size – return German territory Alsace-Lorraine to France. Created new nation of Poland Germany had to pay reparations (war payments) to Allied Powers = $33 billion to repay damage for war
20. League of Nations: They approve League of Nations, but US Senate was against it. The United States does not join!!!
World War I Russian Revolution
