2017 NAHMS Cow Calf Enumerator Training
NAHMS General Beef Management Study Cow Calf Pair Project Code 930
Welcome • Prior to this school: – Received your Interviewer’s Manual – Read your Interviewer’s Manual – Completed your quiz – Written down any questions
• Place your completed quizzes in the box labeled ‘Quizzes. • Place your questions in the box labeled ‘Questions’.
2
Contents of Your Training Folder • • • • •
Agenda - salmon Pre-survey letter Information sheet (backgrounder) News releases Consent form – Change NAHMSID to EPAID
• • • •
Code list (2 copies) - green UPS tracking sheet – purple Phase II draft questionnaire – yellow Evaluation - pink
• Phase I draft questionnaire – Remove name and phone – Change OMB number to
• 0579-0326 • expiration date is 9/30/2020
• Presentation
3
Contents of the Operation Envelopes • • • •
News release Questionnaire Consent form for signing (blank back) Consent form, operator copy (Phase II information on back)
4
NAHMS General Beef Management Study • The survey is sponsored by US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) • Conducted in two phases • Last conducted in 2007/2008 5
NAHMS • NAHMS gathers and disseminates information about livestock and poultry health in the U.S. NAHMS is within the Veterinary Services division of the APHIS, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. • The NAHMS program is not directed toward detecting, regulating, or eradicating major epidemic diseases.
6
Purpose of the Survey • Purpose of the survey is to: – Describe trends in beef cow-calf health management and practices. – Describe management practices and producer beliefs related to animal welfare, emergency preparedness, environmental stewardship, recordkeeping, and animal identification. – Describe antimicrobial use practices, and determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of potential food safety pathogens. 7
Phase I • Conducted by NASS and NASDA • NASDA staff will field enumerate the survey from October 4 thru November 15, 2017. • Data collection will include: – Questionnaire – Enumerator will ask Operator who completes the Phase I questionnaire to sign a consent form to release contact information to NAHMS for participation in Phase II. – If the operator signs the consent form, then the enumerator will provide the operator with a copy of the consent form (the one with the phase II information on the back). 8
Phase II • Conducted by NAHMS Veterinarians (VMO) • NAHMS will collect Phase II data from January 22 thru Mid-April 2018. • Data collection will include: –Phase II questionnaire (yellow) –Collection of biological and forage samples
• Operator must complete the Phase I questionnaire AND sign consent form to be included in Phase II. 9
Phase II Biological tests available to Phase II respondents: – Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus for the entire spring calf crop – Environmental testing of Salmonella – Analysis of nutrient content of a hay sample • Protein • Fiber • Energy • Dry matter, • Macro-mineral and micro-mineral content of the sample. – Test results will be sent to the operator approximately 4 weeks after testing. 10
Sample Size and Sampling Frame • Colorado • Montana • Wyoming • Sample frame was selected based upon the operator reporting at least one beef cow in the 2017 January Cattle Survey. • Out of scope operations are non-commercial farms, such as university, extension, experimental and institutional farms. 11
Mailout • September 15, 2017 • Included in the mailing: – Presurvey letter – Survey information sheet (backgrounder)
12
Timeline and Logistics • Survey material mailed – September 15 • Phase I Field enumeration – October 4 thru November 15 – Send questionnaires UPS ground from October 4 thru 31 – Send questionnaires UPS overnight from November 1 thru 15 • Phase II Veterinarian visits – January thru mid-April 2018
13
Confidentiality Personally Identifiable Information (PII) should NOT be written anywhere on the questionnaire. Why? All questionnaires will be released to NAHMS. If PII is written on the questionnaire and a consent form was not signed, then providing the questionnaire with PII to NAHMS is violating our Confidentiality Laws.
PII 14
Confidentiality
• Where can PII be recorded?
PII contact information needed for Phase II should be written on the consent form under “For release of information for’. If extra room is necessary continue on back of consent form. PII intended only for NASS staff should be written on the envelope.
• What PII should be recorded on the questionnaire consent form? Any information that will help the Phase II Vet contact the operator and locate the operation, such as name, address, telephone number, directions. 15
Confidentiality • What if I have information about the questionnaire contents? • You can write the information on the questionnaire. But use general words such as Operator, He, She, Operator’s son…. • NASS staff love to read your notes. But for this survey we need to be very careful where we record our PII. 16
Confidentiality DO NOT RECORD PII ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE. • The Interviewer’s manual says to record directions to the operation in the Comments section of the questionnaire. • This is WRONG. • Directions to the operation should be recorded on the signed consent form.
17
How to Sell the Survey • Producers who participate in the Phase II biological sampling of beef will receive results of the Phase II biological testing. • Producers will gain satisfaction in knowing they’ve helped advance knowledge about the beef industry. • Data published may be used by producers to make their operations more efficient. • Data published helps producers and their veterinarians identify health problems.
How to Sell the Survey • Data released will be in the form of a summary. No individual operation data will be released. • If the operator has any concerns related to the Phase II testing, the state Veterinarian will be available to talk to the operator’s veterinarian. • On-farm tests are not for epidemic or regulatory diseases. 19
Initial Preparations • Become familiar with the questionnaire, purpose… • Learn to pronounce terminology. Open up Safari on your Ipad. Type in the URL. – http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ – http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/ www.dictionary.com/browse/
• Be able to quickly reference terminology in the Interviewer’s Manual.
•
places on the questionnaire that will assist you with skip patterns and reading the questionnaire. 20
The Interview • Have the respondent follow along with a blank copy of the questionnaire. • Read the entire question. • Emphasize the time frame and class or group of cattle referenced. • Reference period changes throughout questionnaire, e.g. last 12 months, Jan-Sept 2017, last 3 years. • If no timeframe is listed, assume timeframe is the most recent 12 months. • Class or group of cattle – weaned/unweaned vs 500 lb cutoff 21
The Interview • Be careful to follow appropriate skip patterns. • Record answer in units provided. If you cannot, leave a note. • Enumerator instructions are printed in [italics inside of brackets]. These instructions provide important coding, skip, cell reference, flow, and question completion guidelines. • Respondents answer a mixture of inventory, percentage, and multiple-choice questions, and at times, they’ll select appropriate codes from a listing. 22
The Interview • Some questions ask for either “number of head” OR “percent” as an answer. • If the question is Yes or No and the operator doesn’t know, write DK outside of the box. [This is different from the manual]. DK
• Use a dash (-) for zero. • Make any changes to the name and address on the envelope. 23
The Interview • Participation is voluntary. • A respondent may choose to answer every question, skip questions, or end the interview. • A completed interview is: – Where the respondent answers at least 75% of the questionnaire, – Included as part of the 75%: Section B items 1 through 9 AND Section C items 10 through 18 are required to be answered.
• Average expected time to complete questionnaire is 60 minutes, but the actual time is expected to vary. 24
Why Do We Need a Consent Form? • All Personally Identifiable Information (PII) collected by NASS/NASDA is confidential. • To release these confidential data to NAHMS we must get permission from the operator. • The signed consent form is the written permission slip for NASS to release the operator’s confidential data. 25
Why Do We Need a Consent Form? • The enumerator must witness the operator signing the consent form for the consent form to be valid. • All NAHMS employees that have access to NASS confidential information are under the same confidentially requirements as NASS employees and subject to the same penalties. 26
27
Section A—Operation Description The operation description serves to determine if you should continue with the interview. • Item 1 is the screener question. – If the answer to Item 1 is “Yes,” then go to Item 2 and continue the interview. – If the answer to Item 1 is “No,” then skip to Section I.
28
Section A—Operation Description Item 2 asks if the cow-calf operation is the household’s primary source of income or supplemental source of income. • Primary Source of income should be selected if the cow-calf operation was the largest source of income. • Supplemental Source of income should be selected if the cow-calf operation was NOT the largest source of income. • Other reason should be selected with an explanation if no income is generated from a cow-calf operation. 29
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • This section collects inventory of all cattle on the operation on October 1, 2017, as well as additional information on calf crop, dehorning, castration practices, and some sales practices. • Some questions ask the producer to predict animal numbers, such as calf births, for the rest of 2017. Ask the producer to provide his or her best estimates.
30
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 1 - Cattle and calves on this operation on October 1, 2017 regardless of ownership • Answer for beef cows, dairy cows, and bulls (both beef and dairy). • A beef cow is kept for beef production or to raise calves for beef production. • A dairy cow is kept to produce milk for sale or home use.
31
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 3—Heifers, weaned or older, on the operation on Not 500 lb October 1 • Answer for beef cow replacements, dairy cow replacements, and other weaned heifers. • For beef cow and dairy cow replacements, record the respondent’s best estimates of how many will calve in 2018. 32
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 4—Steers, weaned or older, on the operation on October 1 • Record the number of weaned steers on hand October 1.
33
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 5—Unweaned calves on the operation on October 1 • Record the number of unweaned calves on hand October 1. • Include heifer, steer, and bull calves.
34
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 6—Total cattle and calves on the operation on October 1 • Add Items 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4, and 5. Be sure to exclude sub-Items 3a(i) and 3b(i) from the total for cattle and calves. • Check the calculated total for cattle and calves on the operation on October 1 with the producer.
35
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Note: • The rest of this section refers only to the beef cow-calf operation (excluding stockers and feeders), unless otherwise noted.
36
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 7 - Calves born or expected to be born to Beef Heifers • Item 8 - Calves born or expected to be born to Beef Cows • Items 7 and 8 split into: a. Born dead in 2017 b. Born alive in 2017 c. Not born yet, but expected to be born in 2017
• Item 9 – Total born alive and expected to be born in 2017 Note: Should equal sum of 7b, 7c, 8b, 8c (Do not include 7a or 8a in your total) 37
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • • • • •
Percent or Head count Item 10 – Number born alive in 2017 by month Item 11 – Number expected to be born in 2017 by month Item 12 – Sum of 10a- 10i and 11a – 11c Note: Item 12 should equal Item 9 if using head count or 100 if using percent. • Items 10 and 11 will provide a profile of the calving season and allow the calculation of calving season length. NAHMS will use this information to identify spring-calving operations in Phase II of the study. 38
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 13 – Percentage of calves born alive or expected to be born alive in 2017 that had or are expected to have horns – Item 13 is a percentage of Item 9. – If no calves were horned skip to Item 16.
• Item 14 – Percentage of horned calves that will be dehorned on this operation – If no calves have been or will be dehorned skip to Item 16.
• Item 15 – Average age of calves when dehorned on this operation – Enter one response. 39
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 16 – Percentage of bull calves born on this operation in 2017 that have been or will be castrated before sale – If no bull calves have been or will be castrated skip to Item 18.
• Item 17 – Average age of bull calves when they are castrated on this operation – Enter one response.
40
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 18 – Calves weaned or expected to be weaned during 2017 split by: a. replacement heifers on this operation b. other heifer calves c. bull and steer calves – Use the status at weaning
• Include calves born in 2016 and weaned on this operation in 2017. • Item 19 – Average age of calves at weaning – Enter one response. 41
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 19
What if…
…steers are weaned at 25 weeks and heifers are weaned at 33 weeks? --If the calf crop is one half steers and one half heifers then the average of the two numbers is ((25+33)/2 equals 27 weeks.
42
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 20 – Average weaning weight split by: a. replacement heifers on this operation b. other heifer calves c. bull and steer calves
• Include calves born in 2016 and weaned on this operation in 2017. • Item 21 – Factor most important when determining when to wean calves on this operation – Select only one response. 43
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 22 – Do you provide buyers with information about the calf health program? – If yes, which describes the best way you convey information. – Choose only one response: written, oral or other – If information is conveyed in both written and oral form, select written.
• Item 23 – Do the same people buy your weaned calves each year? • Item 24 – Target marketing channels for beef calves produced – If answer is not a, b, d, e, or f, then answer must be c – conventional. 44
45
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Section C asks about reproductive technologies used, management of heifers and cows, breeding season, calving practices, and bull management. • This section refers only to the beef cow-calf operation (excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle), unless otherwise noted. • All questions reference Calendar Year 2017. 46
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 1 – Description of breeding herd – Seedstock – Commercial cattle – Both
• Item 2 – Reproduction technologies for beef cattle – Yes/No
• If item 2i = Yes, then answer 2i(i) – If the operation uses any Holstein cows or heifers as the embryo transfer recipient, select Yes. 47
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 3 and 4 - Replacement heifers and cows bred and intended to be bred for calving in 2017, bred regardless of pregnancy status – Item 3 – Replacement heifers – Item 4 – Beef cows – Include heifers and beef cows that died or were moved off the operation before calving. – Items 3f and 4f are the sum of a. through d. minus e. – Items 3f(i) and 4f(i) – Of the total heifers (item 3) and total beef cows (item 4) how many have or will calve in 2017? – The purpose of Items 3 and 4 is to determine the total number of female breeding stock that were bred or intended to be bred for calving on this operation in 2017. 48
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 5 and 7—Calving assistance for replacement heifers/cows born alive or dead – Item 5 – beef heifers – Item 7 – beef cows
• For all calves born (alive or dead) from January to September 2017, enter the percentage or number born that required the listed types of calving assistance (or no assistance).
49
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 5 and 7
What if…
…a calf needed to have one foreleg repositioned and then was born without assistance? --This is an abnormal presentation requiring repositioning and should be counted as a hard pull (Item 5b and 7b).
50
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 6 and 8 – During calving are heifers/beef cows observed on a regular basis? – Number or percent – Item 6 – heifers – Item 8 – beef cows – Items 6a and 8a – Number of hours observed in a 24-hour period – Items 6b and 8b – How many hours in labor before assistance is given? 51
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 6 and 8
What if…
… cow-calf pairs are removed every afternoon? -- Assume that all cow-calf pairs spend approximately half of the day with the pregnant cows, enter 0.5 days.
52
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 9 – Separate cow-calf pairs from pregnant cows • Item 9a – How soon after calving are cow-calf pairs separated from pregnant cows?
53
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 10—Number of breeding seasons • Enter code 1, 2, or 3 to indicate whether the operation has one defined breeding season, two or more defined seasons, or no set breeding season. • A breeding season is the period of time during which cows and/or heifers are exposed to bulls or artificially inseminated. 54
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 11—Main factor for timing of calving season • Enter the code for the one factor most used to determine the timing of the last calving season for the operation. • Refer to the ‘Timing Factor Code List for Item 11.’ • Descriptions of the factors are provided in the manual on page 46.
55
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 11 What if… …the operator says it is both tradition (code 1) and weather (code 2)? --Work with the operator to determine which one is really more important.
56
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • NOTE: Items 12 through 17 ask about bull management during the most recent (or last) breeding season. For most operations, the last breeding season should have occurred in 2017.
57
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 12—Number of bulls of different ages used during last breeding season (yearling, mature bulls) Item 12 What if…
…the operation has no set breeding season and the operator turned out two bulls less than 2 years of age last spring, but now they are both 2 years old? --Count them as yearling bulls, because they were used for breeding when they were less than 2 years old. 58
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 14 – Yes/No, Did the operation purchase, lease or borrow bulls for breeding during the most recent breeding season? • NOTE: Items 14 through 17 ask about bulls new to the operation for the last breeding season (newly purchased, leased, or borrowed).
59
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 15—Tests used to evaluate bulls newly purchased, leased, or borrowed • Items 15a, 15b, and 15c ask about testing bulls newly purchased, leased, or borrowed for the last breeding season to evaluate their fertility or disease status. • Answer “Yes” or “No” for each question. If any of the breeding bulls underwent the specified test, answer “Yes.” 60
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 17—Culture for Trich of all non-virgin newly purchased, leased, or borrowed non-virgin bulls • Determine whether ALL purchased, leased, or borrowed bulls older than 18 months or no longer considered virgin were cultured for Trich (Tritrichomonas fetus). • Answer “Yes” only if ALL of the purchased, leased, or borrowed bulls older than 18 months or no longer considered virgin were cultured for Trich.
61
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 17 What if…
…the operator had Trich-tested all new non-virgin bulls before the breeding season, but one of the bulls died in the middle of the breeding season, and the operator borrowed a bull from a neighbor that the neighbor said had been tested for Trich? --The answer should be “No, not all bulls were tested for Trich.” The testing needs to have been done specifically for the operator before the bull was used on his/her operation. 62
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Note: Item 18 asks about bulls that have been on the operation for at least two breeding seasons. Item 18 is just like Item 15, except it asks about bulls that were already on the operation (NOT those newly purchased, leased, or borrowed for the last breeding season).
63
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 19 – Yes/No – Use of commercially available DNA testing for sire identification – Applicable for herds with multiple bulls in the same pen to breed cows – If the operation has 1 bull select NA. – If the operation has multiple bulls, but they are not in the same pen, select No.
64
65
Section D – Health Management • Section D asks questions about use of growth promotants, injection practices, and the operator’s familiarity with certain diseases and use of information resources for diseases. • This section asks about this operation’s entire beef cattle herd, including stockers and feeders, but excluding dairy cattle. 66
Section D – Health Management • Item 1 – Consulting a Veterinarian – Yes/No – If you don’t know which category to choose, write a note.
• Item 3 and 4 – Average number of injections for cow and calf – For cows and then for calves, record the number of injections of any kind (e.g., antibiotic, reproductive, vaccination) that each beef cow and calf received, on average, during the last 12 months. – Item 3 – beef cow – Item 4 – unweaned calf 67
Section D – Health Management Item 4 What if… …each calf typically receives 5 vaccination injections, but a few late calves also received antibiotics for a respiratory illness? --Record “5” in the “calf” cell. We want to know what each calf received, on average, during the 12 months. If more than half of the calves received antibiotics, include those injections. 68
Section D – Health Management • Items 5 through 11 – Use of pneumatic darts for injections – A pneumatic dart for injection projects syringes and needles, using force and pressure, to administer medication from a distance. Darts are commonly projected using dart guns and cross bows The advantage to using these darts is that the animal does not have to be caught and handled by hand. – Although darts can be administered by gun and cross bow, report for GUN only. – Exclude pole syringes. – Exclude blow darts.
69
Section D – Health Management • Item 5 –Cattle treated with pneumatic darts? – If no, skip to Item 12.
• Item 6 – Percent delivered by pneumatic dart vs conventional • Item 7 – Where pneumatic darts were injected by percent • Item 8 – Length of needle – Report in Inches to one decimal place or millimeters.
• Item 9 – Gauge of needle (size) 70
Section D – Health Management • Item 10 – In the last 12 months what percent of injections delivered by pneumatic darts contained: – Antibiotics, Dewormer, Anti-inflammatory
• Item 11 – In the last 12 months what percent of the antibiotic injections delivered by pneumatic darts were to administer: – List of antibiotics – It is best to use the brand name when talking to operators.
• The sum of the percentages in these two items may exceed 100% if one injection contained more than one ingredient. 71
72
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Section E obtains information about factors related to the cattle’s environment, such as exposure to other species, water sources, where cattle graze, and pest control • Note: This section asks about this operation’s beef cow-calf, excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle. 73
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 1a – Determine if listed animals had fence-line (nose to nose) contact with beef cattle in the last 12 months. – Fence-line contact includes nose-to-nose contact sniffing, touching, or licking each other, including through a fence.
• Item 1b – Determine if listed animals had access to the cattle’s feed or minerals in the last 12 months. • Items 1a and 1b – yes, no or don’t know. 74
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment Item 1a What if… …one of the neighbor’s goats escaped from its own pen and then got through the fence onto the cowcalf operation, where it was hanging out with the calves? --Answer “Yes” for Item 1a.viii. We want to know about instances of contact or commingling, even if it happened only once. 75
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 2 – During winter and spring in the last 3 years how often were wildlife seen within 1 mile of this operation’s cattle – Use listed codes • Item 2 What if… …wild elk were seen frequently during the summer, but never during the winter and spring? --Enter “4” for never for Item 2b. We want to know about the wildlife species seen during winter and spring.
76
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 3 – The operation’s water sources • If 3e or 3f = Yes then ask 3f(i) • 3f(i) Stream– Do cattle drink directly from pond or stream? • Item 4 – Is a trough used for drinking water? • 4a – Cleaned on a routine basis
Skip Pattern Issue
– Routine means at least once a year 77
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 6 – Does the operation have a WRITTEN grazing plan? • Item 7 – During the last 12 months did cattle: – Graze on public land (state or federal) BLM, US Forest Service, WY Office of State Lands, CO State Land Board, MT Agriculture and Grazing Management – Graze on grazing association land – Graze on leased, private lands – Graze on your own land
• Item 7 X (i) – Were your animals commingle with other cattle from other operations? 78
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 7
What if…
… The operator grazes his cattle on public land with cattle from another operation, but the operator never sees his cattle mix with these other cattle?
--- Answer “Yes” . Since there are no barriers preventing the two sets of cattle to commingle, then mark “Yes”.. 79
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 9a – Restrict access of cattle to flowing water sources • Item 9b – Restrict access of cattle to timber • Items 9a and 9b – If cattle are restricted once then answer Yes. – If there is no water or timber select NA.
• Item 10 – Fly control methods
80
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 11—Rodent-control methods used on the operation • Check “Yes” or “No” and enter the appropriate code to indicate whether the listed rodent-control methods were used routinely on the operation during the last 12 months.
81
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment Item 11 What if… …the operator used bait during one unusually rodent-filled spell in the fall, but normally does not because he does not want it to harm other animals?
--Mark “No.” We want to know what the operator routinely uses for rodent control. 82
83
Section F - Biosecurity This section asks about movement of cattle on and off the operation, practices regarding use of equipment, and visitors to the operation.
Note: This section refers to the operation’s entire cattle herd, including beef stockers and feeders and all dairy cattle.
84
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 2—During the last 12 months did cattle leave the operation, attend the following events, and return to the operation? – Check “Yes” or “No” and enter the appropriate event code to indicate whether any cattle left the operation to attend the events listed in Items 2a through 2c and then returned to the operation. – Exclude trips where cattle left to graze.
85
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 4—Number of trips to different destinations in last 12 months – Record the number of round trips (to the destination and back) made by any of the operation’s cattle to the listed general destinations during the previous 12 months. – If the operator reports cattle traveling to other countries, such as Canada, report in 4d Other and specify which country. – Count trips as a round trip for the cattle, not the operator. – Multiple vehicles and cattle traveling to the same place, for the same purpose, and returning would equal one trip. 86
Section F - Biosecurity Item 4 What if… …30 heifer calves went to a custom heifer raiser 10 miles away for 8 months? --If they all left and returned together within the last 12 months, count this as one trip for Item 4a.
87
Section F - Biosecurity Item 6 – How often is equipment used for manure handling also used to handle feed? • We are primarily interested in knowing if manure can contact surfaces that contain feed. • You may need to ask the producer if there is potential for manure from tractor tires to come into contact with hay bales being picked up.
88
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 10 – Permanent removal of cattle during the last 12 months – Beef OR Dairy, Cattle OR Calves – Permanent removal includes cattle sent to other operations, auction markets, slaughter plants. – Exclude deaths on the operation.
Goodbye!
89
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 11 – Shipments of cattle that permanently left your operation during the last 12 months • A shipment is one group of animals moved all at once, regardless of the number of vehicles used to move them. • Open up your questionnaire to Page 24.
90
Section F - Biosecurity • Column 1 – Destination code
• Column 2 – Cattle code
• Columns 5, 6, and 7 Distance Code
91
Section F - Biosecurity • For each unique Destination/Cattle type trip: – Destination code – Column 1 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Cattle type code – Column 2 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Number of head that were sent - Column 3 – Number of shipments - Column 4 – Minimum distance from destination – Column 5 – Maximum distance from destination – Column 6 – Average distance from destination - Column 7
• If the number of unique combinations exceeds 8 lines, record additional lines in the bottom margin or on page 35 (blank). 92
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 11 example • Shipments: 1. 50 weaned beef heifers and 100 weaned beef steers were sent to a feedlot 105 miles away from the operation 2. 100 weaned beef heifers and 200 weaned beef steers were sent to a feedlot 30 miles away from the operation 3. 2 weaned beef heifers were sent to another operation for breeding 15 miles away
93
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types? Destination
Cattle Type
Feedlot (3) Feedlot (3) Another operation (5)
Weaned beef steers, heifers…intended for…feeding (5) Weaned beef steers, heifers…intended for…feeding (5) Weaned heifer… intended for breeding (2)
Feedlot (3) Another operation (5)
Weaned beef steers, heifers…intended for…feeding (5) Weaned heifer… intended for breeding (2) 94
Section F - Biosecurity
3 5
5 2
450 2
2 1
2 2
4 2
3 2
How do we compute Average Distance (column 7)?
95
Section F - Biosecurity How do we compute Average Distance (column 7)? 1. Sum the distances. 105 + 30 = 135 2. Take the sum and divide by the 135 / 2 = 67.5 number of shipments (column 4). 3. Code the average distance 67.5 = code 3 (50-99 miles) computed from step 2.
96
Section F - Biosecurity What if the operator chooses a range and doesn’t tell you the exact mileage? • Choose the midpoint of the range. Code 1 2 3 4 5 6
Description 9 miles or less 10 - 49 miles 50-99 miles 100-249 miles 250-499 miles 500 miles or more
Midpoint 5 30 72 175 375 500 97
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 11 - example 2 • Shipments: 1. 50 weaned beef heifers were sold/sent to another operation 250 miles away from the operation for breeding 2. 150 weaned beef heifers were sold/sent to another operation 12 miles away from the operation for breeding 3. 2 weaned beef breeding bulls were sent to an auction house 6 miles away
98
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types?
Destination
Cattle Type
Another operation (5) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Another operation (5) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Sale barn/Auction (2) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4)
Another operation (5) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Sale barn/Auction (2) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4) 99
Section F - Biosecurity
5 2
2 4
200 2
2 1
2 1
5 1
4 1
How do we compute the average distance? (250 + 12) / 262 = 131 131 = Code 4 100
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 12 – Beef or dairy cattle brought onto operation during the last 12 months – Beef OR Dairy, Cattle OR Calves
• Similar to Item 10, except we are asking for cattle be brought onto the operation. Hello!
101
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 13 – Shipments of cattle that were brought onto your operation during the last 12 months. • A shipment is one group of animals moved all at once, regardless of the number of vehicles used to move them. • Open up your questionnaire to Page 25.
102
Section F - Biosecurity • Column 1 – Source code
• Column 2 -Cattle type code
Columns 6, 7 and 8 Distance code
103
Section F - Biosecurity • For each unique Destination/Cattle type trip: – Source code (where the cattle are coming from) – Column 1 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Cattle type code – Column 2 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Number of head that were brought from - Column 3 – Number of shipments - Column 4 – Number of shipments that crossed state lines – Column 5 – Minimum distance from source – Column 6 – Maximum distance from source – Column 7 – Average distance from source - Column 8
• If the number of unique combinations exceeds 8 lines, record additional lines in the bottom margin or on page 35 (blank). 104
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 13 example • Shipments: 1. 1 weaned beef bull for breeding was received from an auction house 60 miles away from the operation in a bordering state. 2. 10 weaned beef heifers for breeding were received from a livestock dealer 495 miles away from the operation in a bordering state. 3. 15 weaned beef heifers for breeding were received from a livestock dealer 9 miles away from the operation in the same state.
105
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types? Source Auction (3) Livestock dealer (4) Livestock dealer (4)
Cattle Type Weaned beef bull …intended for breeding (4) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2)
Auction (3) Livestock dealer (4)
Weaned beef bull …intended for breeding (4) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) 106
Section F - Biosecurity
3 4
4 2
1 25
1 2
1 1
3 1
3 5
3 5
b. Average distance = (9 + 495) /2 = 252 252 = Code 5 107
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 13 - example 2 • Shipments: 1. 55 weaned beef heifers for breeding were received from another beef cattle operation 35 miles away from the operation in a bordering state 2. 10 beef cows were received from a livestock dealer 40 miles away from the operation 3. 5 beef cows were received from a livestock dealer 14 miles away from the operation 108
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types? Source Cattle Type A beef cattle operation (1) Weaned beef heifers intended for breeding (2) Livestock dealer (2) Beef cows (3) Livestock dealer (2) Beef cows (3)
A beef cattle operation (1) Weaned beef heifers intended for breeding (2) Livestock dealer (2) Beef cows (3) 109
Section F - Biosecurity
1 4
2 3
55 15
1 2
1 0
2 2
2 2
2 2
b. Average distance = (14 + 40) /2 = 27 27 = Code 2 110
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 15 – Number of visitors by type • Count each person visit separately. If a NASS enumerator visited the operation 3 times in the last 12 months, enter 3 for Recreational visitors. • Do visitors have contact with cattle on your operation? – Contact is touching the animal OR walking through the pens.
111
112
Section F - Biosecurity • Class Exercises 1 and 2
113
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 1 – Answers Using the shipment data below: Determine the unique destination/cattle types, and Fill out section F items 10 and 11. • Shipments: – 121 fed market weight beef cattle were sent to an order buyer/dealer 76 miles away from the operation – 50 fed market weight beef cattle were sent to an order buyer/dealer 20 miles away from the operation – 1 weaned beef bull was sent to an auction to be sold for breeding 150 miles away – 10 cow-calf pairs (unweaned beef calves with dam) were sent to another operation 48 miles away 114
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 1 - What are the unique destination/cattle types? Destination
Cattle Type
Order buyer dealer (6) Order buyer dealer (6) Auction (2) Another operation (5)
Fed market weight beef cattle (6) Fed market weight beef cattle (6) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4) Unweaned beef calves with dam (1)
Order buyer dealer (6) Auction (2) Another operation (5)
Fed market weight beef cattle (6) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4) Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) 115
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 1
6 6 171 2 2 2 4 1 1 4 5 1 20 1 2 a. Average distance = (76 + 20) /2 = 48 48 = Code 2
3 4 2
2 4 2 116
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 2 – Answers Using the shipment data below: Determine the unique destination/cattle types, and Fill out Section F items 12 and 13.
• Shipments: – 75 cow-calf pairs (unweaned beef calves with dam) were received from another beef cattle operation 102 miles away from the operation in a bordering state – 50 cow-calf pairs (unweaned beef calves with dam) were received from another beef cattle operation 86 miles away from the operation in a bordering state – 2 beef bulls were received from an auction 25 miles away from the operation in the same state – 1 beef bull was received from an auction 25 miles away from the 117 operation in the same state
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 2 - What are the unique source/cattle types? Source
Cattle Type
Beef cattle operation (1) Beef cattle operation (1) Auction (3) Auction (3)
Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) Beef bulls weaned or older…for breeding (4) Beef bulls weaned or older…for breeding (4)
Beef cattle operation (1) Auction (3)
Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) Beef bulls weaned or older…for breeding (4) 118
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 2
1 3
1 3
250 3
2 2
2 0
3 2
4 2
3 2
a. Average distance = (102+86)/2 = 94 b. Average distance = (25+25)/2 = 25 94 = Code 3 25 = Code 2 119
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance • Section G asks about familiarity and use of the Beef Quality Assurance program. • This section refers only to the beef cow-calf operation (excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle), unless otherwise noted.
120
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance • What is the Beef Quality Assurance program (BQA)? – BQA is a voluntary program providing guidelines for beef cattle production. – BQA is coordinated nationally but implemented by each state. – BQA programs focuses on educating and training cattle producers, farm advisors, and veterinarians on the issues in cattle food safety and quality. – BQA demonstrates a promise to consumers that the industry is taking a proactive role in providing a high quality product that was produced in a way to foster animal welfare. 121
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance – BQA develops auditing materials for producers to evaluate their own operations. – BQA provides certification programs, such as cow-calf, stocker, feedyard, dairy, and transportation certifications. – Members include veterinarians, livestock market employees, truck drivers, pharmaceutical reps, feedyard employee and cattle ranchers. – BQA is funded primarily from checkoff fees. – More information can be found at www.bqa.org
122
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance • Item 1 – Has the operator heard of the Beef Quality Assurance program – Mark yes if operator knows little about the program but recognizes the name.
• Item 2 – Has operator attend BQA session in person? • Item 3 – Has operator utilized BQA online training modules? – If operator did not get all of the way thru the training, mark Yes.
123
124
Section H – Information and Identification • Section H examines the operator’s use of information sources, consultation with veterinarians, and identification practices. • Note: This section asks about this operation’s beef cow-calf operation, excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle.
125
Section H – Information and Identification • Items 1 and 2 – Sources of information on breeding and genetics (item 1) and other information (item 2) for cow-calf operations – Item 1 – Asks specifically about breeding and genetic information – Item 2 – Asks about all other information
• For each of the information sources listed in Items a through j, indicate how useful the source is to the operator for making decisions for the cow-calf operation. 126
Section H – Information and Identification • Enter: – 1 if the source is “Not at all useful,” – 2 if the source is “Slightly useful,” – 3 if the source is “Moderately useful,” – 4 if the source is “Very useful,” or – 5 if the source is “Extremely useful” to the operator for the cow-calf operation.
127
Section H – Information and Identification • Items 4 and 5 - Beef cattle identification methods – Item 4 asks about identification methods for beef cows. – Item 5 asks about identification methods for beef calves. – For each type of identification in Items a through l, determine which methods are used for identifying this operation’s beef cows and calves. – For each method used, enter the percent of the operation’s beef cows and calves that have that type of identification. – The sum of the a through l may exceed 100, if cows have more than one type of identification. – See pages 70-72 of Interviewer’s manual for more information on each ID method. 128
Section H – Information and Identification Items 4 and 5—Beef cattle identification methods • For items g(i), h(i), i(i) and j(i) choose the appropriate code for whether the identification is unique to the cow or calf, unique to the ranch or unique to both the cow and ranch. • See the interviewer’s manual for descriptions of the types of identification.
129
130
Section I—Conclusion • Section I has three purposes: – Obtain the operator’s signature on the Consent Form; – Record the operator’s location for the Veterinarian follow-up interview; and – Enter the correct interview response code.
131
Section I—Conclusion • Item 1—Enter interview response code – Code 1—a completed interview in which the operation is qualified for the follow-up study and the operator signed the consent form. – Code 2—a completed interview in which the operation is qualified for the follow-up study but the operator did not sign the consent form. – Code 3—for operators who refuse to do any of the questionnaire, as well as for those who provide partial information and then refuse to finish the questionnaire. – Code 4—an operation that temporarily had and will have no beef cows between January 1 and December 31, 2017, but is still in business. 132
Section I—Conclusion • Code 5—Out of business • Code 7—an operation that will be excluded from the study because it is “out of scope” for the survey (e.g., university, extension, experimental, and institutional farms whose production is not for commercial purposes). • Code 8—an operation that, for various reasons, will probably be left uncontacted. • Code 9—an operation where the enumerator was unable to complete the interview during the survey time frame. Also, any operator the enumerator simply couldn’t contact despite repeated attempts.
133
Section I—Conclusion 9901 field • If question 1 answer equals 1, Complete, VMO consent signed then set 9901 = 1.
134
Section I—Conclusion Item 2—Reasons for refusals • Finally, for interview response codes “2” or “3” in Item 1, enter the code (from codes 110) for the reason that best describes why the respondent refused. --(Reminder: Code “2” is for a complete interview but refusal of the Consent Form by a qualified operator. Code “3” from Item 1 is for a refusal of the questionnaire.)
NO!
135
Section I—Conclusion • What is a completed interview? – Section B items 1 through 9 must be answered AND – Section C items 10 through 18 must be answered AND – At least 75% of the questionnaire is answered. – The section B and C required items are included in the 75%.
• How do you determine if a respondent completed 75% of the questionnaire? – Use your best judgement. – If it is a close call, then call it a complete interview. 136
Section I—Conclusion Item 3—Use of written or computerized records in answering the survey • Enter “Yes” or “No” to indicate whether the operator consulted written or computerized records when answering the survey questions.
137
Section I—Conclusion • Request signature on Consent Form – If the operator had or will have one or more beef cows between January 1 and December 31, 2017 (see Section A, Item 1 or 2 of the questionnaire), AND the operator completed the questionnaire, ask the operator to sign a Consent Form. – Explain that cow-calf operations for this survey were selected from a confidential list, and to meet confidentiality requirements, we must obtain the operator’s written permission to release the operator’s information to another agency. 138
Section I—Conclusion – Emphasize that signing the Consent Form does not obligate the operator to participate in the follow-up study. All it does is give NASS permission to share the operator’s name, address, and questionnaire so that he or she can be offered the opportunity to participate in the next phase of the study. – Use the backgrounder and news releases to help explain the follow-up study and demonstrate its importance.
139
Section I—Conclusion • If the operator agrees to sign the Consent form: – Legibly print the operator’s name (the person signing the consent form) on the topline, just above ‘Hereafter referred to as the Cooperator’. – After the operator reads the consent form instruct him or her to sign and date the form on the line designated ‘Cooperator’. – You (the enumerator) should sign and date the consent form where its says ‘NASDA Field Enumerator’. – Provide the operator with a blank copy of the consent form. – Write the name, address, phone number and directions on the consent form. 140
Section I—Conclusion • Respondent location and other comments – Record the operator’s location, along with other special tips, on the consent form. – The Veterinarian will be very grateful for detailed directions to the operation and information about special circumstances (e.g., the operator’s preferred contact times, etc.). – Be sure to provide explicit information about the specific site for which the questionnaire was completed so that the Veterinarian can return to the same site for Phase II. 141
Section I—Conclusion • Deliver the signed Consent Form and the completed questionnaire to the RFO per your NASDA Coordinator’s instructions. Leave a copy of the Consent Form with the respondent.
142
Completing the Interview • Provide the educational materials to the operator at the end of the interview, regardless of the outcome.
• Let operators know that results of the study will be posted to the NAHMS Web site and summary reports will be mailed to participants who said yes to Item 4 in section I.
143
Checklist Before Returning Questionnaire • All mandatory fields are completed for ALL questionnaires: Section I question 1, 9901, 9903 = 3, and 9998. • If the consent form is signed: – Contact information is recorded on the consent form. – Both the operator and enumerator signed the consent form.
• No PII is recorded on the questionnaire. If PII was accidently recorded, PII must be marked out so that it cannot be read. • Questionnaires and all confidential information are double wrapped for mailing. 144
145
Thank You • Your role as the enumerator in this survey is crucial to achieving the Beef Management 2017-18 study objectives. • Without you, we would not be able to gather the necessary data in an accurate and effective manner. • We greatly appreciate your hard work and dedication to the project. • Please turn in your evaluation form before you leave. 146
The End Donna Hambric – Survey lead Andy Cochran – Survey backup 720 787 3150 Project Code 930
147
Welcome • Prior to this school: – Received your Interviewer’s Manual – Read your Interviewer’s Manual – Completed your quiz – Written down any questions
• Place your completed quizzes in the box labeled ‘Quizzes. • Place your questions in the box labeled ‘Questions’.
2
Contents of Your Training Folder • • • • •
Agenda - salmon Pre-survey letter Information sheet (backgrounder) News releases Consent form – Change NAHMSID to EPAID
• • • •
Code list (2 copies) - green UPS tracking sheet – purple Phase II draft questionnaire – yellow Evaluation - pink
• Phase I draft questionnaire – Remove name and phone – Change OMB number to
• 0579-0326 • expiration date is 9/30/2020
• Presentation
3
Contents of the Operation Envelopes • • • •
News release Questionnaire Consent form for signing (blank back) Consent form, operator copy (Phase II information on back)
4
NAHMS General Beef Management Study • The survey is sponsored by US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) • Conducted in two phases • Last conducted in 2007/2008 5
NAHMS • NAHMS gathers and disseminates information about livestock and poultry health in the U.S. NAHMS is within the Veterinary Services division of the APHIS, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. • The NAHMS program is not directed toward detecting, regulating, or eradicating major epidemic diseases.
6
Purpose of the Survey • Purpose of the survey is to: – Describe trends in beef cow-calf health management and practices. – Describe management practices and producer beliefs related to animal welfare, emergency preparedness, environmental stewardship, recordkeeping, and animal identification. – Describe antimicrobial use practices, and determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of potential food safety pathogens. 7
Phase I • Conducted by NASS and NASDA • NASDA staff will field enumerate the survey from October 4 thru November 15, 2017. • Data collection will include: – Questionnaire – Enumerator will ask Operator who completes the Phase I questionnaire to sign a consent form to release contact information to NAHMS for participation in Phase II. – If the operator signs the consent form, then the enumerator will provide the operator with a copy of the consent form (the one with the phase II information on the back). 8
Phase II • Conducted by NAHMS Veterinarians (VMO) • NAHMS will collect Phase II data from January 22 thru Mid-April 2018. • Data collection will include: –Phase II questionnaire (yellow) –Collection of biological and forage samples
• Operator must complete the Phase I questionnaire AND sign consent form to be included in Phase II. 9
Phase II Biological tests available to Phase II respondents: – Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) virus for the entire spring calf crop – Environmental testing of Salmonella – Analysis of nutrient content of a hay sample • Protein • Fiber • Energy • Dry matter, • Macro-mineral and micro-mineral content of the sample. – Test results will be sent to the operator approximately 4 weeks after testing. 10
Sample Size and Sampling Frame • Colorado • Montana • Wyoming • Sample frame was selected based upon the operator reporting at least one beef cow in the 2017 January Cattle Survey. • Out of scope operations are non-commercial farms, such as university, extension, experimental and institutional farms. 11
Mailout • September 15, 2017 • Included in the mailing: – Presurvey letter – Survey information sheet (backgrounder)
12
Timeline and Logistics • Survey material mailed – September 15 • Phase I Field enumeration – October 4 thru November 15 – Send questionnaires UPS ground from October 4 thru 31 – Send questionnaires UPS overnight from November 1 thru 15 • Phase II Veterinarian visits – January thru mid-April 2018
13
Confidentiality Personally Identifiable Information (PII) should NOT be written anywhere on the questionnaire. Why? All questionnaires will be released to NAHMS. If PII is written on the questionnaire and a consent form was not signed, then providing the questionnaire with PII to NAHMS is violating our Confidentiality Laws.
PII 14
Confidentiality
• Where can PII be recorded?
PII contact information needed for Phase II should be written on the consent form under “For release of information for’. If extra room is necessary continue on back of consent form. PII intended only for NASS staff should be written on the envelope.
• What PII should be recorded on the questionnaire consent form? Any information that will help the Phase II Vet contact the operator and locate the operation, such as name, address, telephone number, directions. 15
Confidentiality • What if I have information about the questionnaire contents? • You can write the information on the questionnaire. But use general words such as Operator, He, She, Operator’s son…. • NASS staff love to read your notes. But for this survey we need to be very careful where we record our PII. 16
Confidentiality DO NOT RECORD PII ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE. • The Interviewer’s manual says to record directions to the operation in the Comments section of the questionnaire. • This is WRONG. • Directions to the operation should be recorded on the signed consent form.
17
How to Sell the Survey • Producers who participate in the Phase II biological sampling of beef will receive results of the Phase II biological testing. • Producers will gain satisfaction in knowing they’ve helped advance knowledge about the beef industry. • Data published may be used by producers to make their operations more efficient. • Data published helps producers and their veterinarians identify health problems.
How to Sell the Survey • Data released will be in the form of a summary. No individual operation data will be released. • If the operator has any concerns related to the Phase II testing, the state Veterinarian will be available to talk to the operator’s veterinarian. • On-farm tests are not for epidemic or regulatory diseases. 19
Initial Preparations • Become familiar with the questionnaire, purpose… • Learn to pronounce terminology. Open up Safari on your Ipad. Type in the URL. – http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ – http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/ www.dictionary.com/browse/
• Be able to quickly reference terminology in the Interviewer’s Manual.
•
places on the questionnaire that will assist you with skip patterns and reading the questionnaire. 20
The Interview • Have the respondent follow along with a blank copy of the questionnaire. • Read the entire question. • Emphasize the time frame and class or group of cattle referenced. • Reference period changes throughout questionnaire, e.g. last 12 months, Jan-Sept 2017, last 3 years. • If no timeframe is listed, assume timeframe is the most recent 12 months. • Class or group of cattle – weaned/unweaned vs 500 lb cutoff 21
The Interview • Be careful to follow appropriate skip patterns. • Record answer in units provided. If you cannot, leave a note. • Enumerator instructions are printed in [italics inside of brackets]. These instructions provide important coding, skip, cell reference, flow, and question completion guidelines. • Respondents answer a mixture of inventory, percentage, and multiple-choice questions, and at times, they’ll select appropriate codes from a listing. 22
The Interview • Some questions ask for either “number of head” OR “percent” as an answer. • If the question is Yes or No and the operator doesn’t know, write DK outside of the box. [This is different from the manual]. DK
• Use a dash (-) for zero. • Make any changes to the name and address on the envelope. 23
The Interview • Participation is voluntary. • A respondent may choose to answer every question, skip questions, or end the interview. • A completed interview is: – Where the respondent answers at least 75% of the questionnaire, – Included as part of the 75%: Section B items 1 through 9 AND Section C items 10 through 18 are required to be answered.
• Average expected time to complete questionnaire is 60 minutes, but the actual time is expected to vary. 24
Why Do We Need a Consent Form? • All Personally Identifiable Information (PII) collected by NASS/NASDA is confidential. • To release these confidential data to NAHMS we must get permission from the operator. • The signed consent form is the written permission slip for NASS to release the operator’s confidential data. 25
Why Do We Need a Consent Form? • The enumerator must witness the operator signing the consent form for the consent form to be valid. • All NAHMS employees that have access to NASS confidential information are under the same confidentially requirements as NASS employees and subject to the same penalties. 26
27
Section A—Operation Description The operation description serves to determine if you should continue with the interview. • Item 1 is the screener question. – If the answer to Item 1 is “Yes,” then go to Item 2 and continue the interview. – If the answer to Item 1 is “No,” then skip to Section I.
28
Section A—Operation Description Item 2 asks if the cow-calf operation is the household’s primary source of income or supplemental source of income. • Primary Source of income should be selected if the cow-calf operation was the largest source of income. • Supplemental Source of income should be selected if the cow-calf operation was NOT the largest source of income. • Other reason should be selected with an explanation if no income is generated from a cow-calf operation. 29
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • This section collects inventory of all cattle on the operation on October 1, 2017, as well as additional information on calf crop, dehorning, castration practices, and some sales practices. • Some questions ask the producer to predict animal numbers, such as calf births, for the rest of 2017. Ask the producer to provide his or her best estimates.
30
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 1 - Cattle and calves on this operation on October 1, 2017 regardless of ownership • Answer for beef cows, dairy cows, and bulls (both beef and dairy). • A beef cow is kept for beef production or to raise calves for beef production. • A dairy cow is kept to produce milk for sale or home use.
31
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 3—Heifers, weaned or older, on the operation on Not 500 lb October 1 • Answer for beef cow replacements, dairy cow replacements, and other weaned heifers. • For beef cow and dairy cow replacements, record the respondent’s best estimates of how many will calve in 2018. 32
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 4—Steers, weaned or older, on the operation on October 1 • Record the number of weaned steers on hand October 1.
33
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 5—Unweaned calves on the operation on October 1 • Record the number of unweaned calves on hand October 1. • Include heifer, steer, and bull calves.
34
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Item 6—Total cattle and calves on the operation on October 1 • Add Items 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4, and 5. Be sure to exclude sub-Items 3a(i) and 3b(i) from the total for cattle and calves. • Check the calculated total for cattle and calves on the operation on October 1 with the producer.
35
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop Note: • The rest of this section refers only to the beef cow-calf operation (excluding stockers and feeders), unless otherwise noted.
36
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 7 - Calves born or expected to be born to Beef Heifers • Item 8 - Calves born or expected to be born to Beef Cows • Items 7 and 8 split into: a. Born dead in 2017 b. Born alive in 2017 c. Not born yet, but expected to be born in 2017
• Item 9 – Total born alive and expected to be born in 2017 Note: Should equal sum of 7b, 7c, 8b, 8c (Do not include 7a or 8a in your total) 37
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • • • • •
Percent or Head count Item 10 – Number born alive in 2017 by month Item 11 – Number expected to be born in 2017 by month Item 12 – Sum of 10a- 10i and 11a – 11c Note: Item 12 should equal Item 9 if using head count or 100 if using percent. • Items 10 and 11 will provide a profile of the calving season and allow the calculation of calving season length. NAHMS will use this information to identify spring-calving operations in Phase II of the study. 38
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 13 – Percentage of calves born alive or expected to be born alive in 2017 that had or are expected to have horns – Item 13 is a percentage of Item 9. – If no calves were horned skip to Item 16.
• Item 14 – Percentage of horned calves that will be dehorned on this operation – If no calves have been or will be dehorned skip to Item 16.
• Item 15 – Average age of calves when dehorned on this operation – Enter one response. 39
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 16 – Percentage of bull calves born on this operation in 2017 that have been or will be castrated before sale – If no bull calves have been or will be castrated skip to Item 18.
• Item 17 – Average age of bull calves when they are castrated on this operation – Enter one response.
40
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 18 – Calves weaned or expected to be weaned during 2017 split by: a. replacement heifers on this operation b. other heifer calves c. bull and steer calves – Use the status at weaning
• Include calves born in 2016 and weaned on this operation in 2017. • Item 19 – Average age of calves at weaning – Enter one response. 41
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 19
What if…
…steers are weaned at 25 weeks and heifers are weaned at 33 weeks? --If the calf crop is one half steers and one half heifers then the average of the two numbers is ((25+33)/2 equals 27 weeks.
42
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 20 – Average weaning weight split by: a. replacement heifers on this operation b. other heifer calves c. bull and steer calves
• Include calves born in 2016 and weaned on this operation in 2017. • Item 21 – Factor most important when determining when to wean calves on this operation – Select only one response. 43
Section B—Cattle Inventory and Calf Crop • Item 22 – Do you provide buyers with information about the calf health program? – If yes, which describes the best way you convey information. – Choose only one response: written, oral or other – If information is conveyed in both written and oral form, select written.
• Item 23 – Do the same people buy your weaned calves each year? • Item 24 – Target marketing channels for beef calves produced – If answer is not a, b, d, e, or f, then answer must be c – conventional. 44
45
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Section C asks about reproductive technologies used, management of heifers and cows, breeding season, calving practices, and bull management. • This section refers only to the beef cow-calf operation (excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle), unless otherwise noted. • All questions reference Calendar Year 2017. 46
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 1 – Description of breeding herd – Seedstock – Commercial cattle – Both
• Item 2 – Reproduction technologies for beef cattle – Yes/No
• If item 2i = Yes, then answer 2i(i) – If the operation uses any Holstein cows or heifers as the embryo transfer recipient, select Yes. 47
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 3 and 4 - Replacement heifers and cows bred and intended to be bred for calving in 2017, bred regardless of pregnancy status – Item 3 – Replacement heifers – Item 4 – Beef cows – Include heifers and beef cows that died or were moved off the operation before calving. – Items 3f and 4f are the sum of a. through d. minus e. – Items 3f(i) and 4f(i) – Of the total heifers (item 3) and total beef cows (item 4) how many have or will calve in 2017? – The purpose of Items 3 and 4 is to determine the total number of female breeding stock that were bred or intended to be bred for calving on this operation in 2017. 48
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 5 and 7—Calving assistance for replacement heifers/cows born alive or dead – Item 5 – beef heifers – Item 7 – beef cows
• For all calves born (alive or dead) from January to September 2017, enter the percentage or number born that required the listed types of calving assistance (or no assistance).
49
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 5 and 7
What if…
…a calf needed to have one foreleg repositioned and then was born without assistance? --This is an abnormal presentation requiring repositioning and should be counted as a hard pull (Item 5b and 7b).
50
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 6 and 8 – During calving are heifers/beef cows observed on a regular basis? – Number or percent – Item 6 – heifers – Item 8 – beef cows – Items 6a and 8a – Number of hours observed in a 24-hour period – Items 6b and 8b – How many hours in labor before assistance is given? 51
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Items 6 and 8
What if…
… cow-calf pairs are removed every afternoon? -- Assume that all cow-calf pairs spend approximately half of the day with the pregnant cows, enter 0.5 days.
52
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 9 – Separate cow-calf pairs from pregnant cows • Item 9a – How soon after calving are cow-calf pairs separated from pregnant cows?
53
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 10—Number of breeding seasons • Enter code 1, 2, or 3 to indicate whether the operation has one defined breeding season, two or more defined seasons, or no set breeding season. • A breeding season is the period of time during which cows and/or heifers are exposed to bulls or artificially inseminated. 54
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 11—Main factor for timing of calving season • Enter the code for the one factor most used to determine the timing of the last calving season for the operation. • Refer to the ‘Timing Factor Code List for Item 11.’ • Descriptions of the factors are provided in the manual on page 46.
55
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 11 What if… …the operator says it is both tradition (code 1) and weather (code 2)? --Work with the operator to determine which one is really more important.
56
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • NOTE: Items 12 through 17 ask about bull management during the most recent (or last) breeding season. For most operations, the last breeding season should have occurred in 2017.
57
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 12—Number of bulls of different ages used during last breeding season (yearling, mature bulls) Item 12 What if…
…the operation has no set breeding season and the operator turned out two bulls less than 2 years of age last spring, but now they are both 2 years old? --Count them as yearling bulls, because they were used for breeding when they were less than 2 years old. 58
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 14 – Yes/No, Did the operation purchase, lease or borrow bulls for breeding during the most recent breeding season? • NOTE: Items 14 through 17 ask about bulls new to the operation for the last breeding season (newly purchased, leased, or borrowed).
59
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 15—Tests used to evaluate bulls newly purchased, leased, or borrowed • Items 15a, 15b, and 15c ask about testing bulls newly purchased, leased, or borrowed for the last breeding season to evaluate their fertility or disease status. • Answer “Yes” or “No” for each question. If any of the breeding bulls underwent the specified test, answer “Yes.” 60
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 17—Culture for Trich of all non-virgin newly purchased, leased, or borrowed non-virgin bulls • Determine whether ALL purchased, leased, or borrowed bulls older than 18 months or no longer considered virgin were cultured for Trich (Tritrichomonas fetus). • Answer “Yes” only if ALL of the purchased, leased, or borrowed bulls older than 18 months or no longer considered virgin were cultured for Trich.
61
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Item 17 What if…
…the operator had Trich-tested all new non-virgin bulls before the breeding season, but one of the bulls died in the middle of the breeding season, and the operator borrowed a bull from a neighbor that the neighbor said had been tested for Trich? --The answer should be “No, not all bulls were tested for Trich.” The testing needs to have been done specifically for the operator before the bull was used on his/her operation. 62
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving Note: Item 18 asks about bulls that have been on the operation for at least two breeding seasons. Item 18 is just like Item 15, except it asks about bulls that were already on the operation (NOT those newly purchased, leased, or borrowed for the last breeding season).
63
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 19 – Yes/No – Use of commercially available DNA testing for sire identification – Applicable for herds with multiple bulls in the same pen to breed cows – If the operation has 1 bull select NA. – If the operation has multiple bulls, but they are not in the same pen, select No.
64
65
Section D – Health Management • Section D asks questions about use of growth promotants, injection practices, and the operator’s familiarity with certain diseases and use of information resources for diseases. • This section asks about this operation’s entire beef cattle herd, including stockers and feeders, but excluding dairy cattle. 66
Section D – Health Management • Item 1 – Consulting a Veterinarian – Yes/No – If you don’t know which category to choose, write a note.
• Item 3 and 4 – Average number of injections for cow and calf – For cows and then for calves, record the number of injections of any kind (e.g., antibiotic, reproductive, vaccination) that each beef cow and calf received, on average, during the last 12 months. – Item 3 – beef cow – Item 4 – unweaned calf 67
Section D – Health Management Item 4 What if… …each calf typically receives 5 vaccination injections, but a few late calves also received antibiotics for a respiratory illness? --Record “5” in the “calf” cell. We want to know what each calf received, on average, during the 12 months. If more than half of the calves received antibiotics, include those injections. 68
Section D – Health Management • Items 5 through 11 – Use of pneumatic darts for injections – A pneumatic dart for injection projects syringes and needles, using force and pressure, to administer medication from a distance. Darts are commonly projected using dart guns and cross bows The advantage to using these darts is that the animal does not have to be caught and handled by hand. – Although darts can be administered by gun and cross bow, report for GUN only. – Exclude pole syringes. – Exclude blow darts.
69
Section D – Health Management • Item 5 –Cattle treated with pneumatic darts? – If no, skip to Item 12.
• Item 6 – Percent delivered by pneumatic dart vs conventional • Item 7 – Where pneumatic darts were injected by percent • Item 8 – Length of needle – Report in Inches to one decimal place or millimeters.
• Item 9 – Gauge of needle (size) 70
Section D – Health Management • Item 10 – In the last 12 months what percent of injections delivered by pneumatic darts contained: – Antibiotics, Dewormer, Anti-inflammatory
• Item 11 – In the last 12 months what percent of the antibiotic injections delivered by pneumatic darts were to administer: – List of antibiotics – It is best to use the brand name when talking to operators.
• The sum of the percentages in these two items may exceed 100% if one injection contained more than one ingredient. 71
72
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Section E obtains information about factors related to the cattle’s environment, such as exposure to other species, water sources, where cattle graze, and pest control • Note: This section asks about this operation’s beef cow-calf, excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle. 73
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 1a – Determine if listed animals had fence-line (nose to nose) contact with beef cattle in the last 12 months. – Fence-line contact includes nose-to-nose contact sniffing, touching, or licking each other, including through a fence.
• Item 1b – Determine if listed animals had access to the cattle’s feed or minerals in the last 12 months. • Items 1a and 1b – yes, no or don’t know. 74
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment Item 1a What if… …one of the neighbor’s goats escaped from its own pen and then got through the fence onto the cowcalf operation, where it was hanging out with the calves? --Answer “Yes” for Item 1a.viii. We want to know about instances of contact or commingling, even if it happened only once. 75
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 2 – During winter and spring in the last 3 years how often were wildlife seen within 1 mile of this operation’s cattle – Use listed codes • Item 2 What if… …wild elk were seen frequently during the summer, but never during the winter and spring? --Enter “4” for never for Item 2b. We want to know about the wildlife species seen during winter and spring.
76
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 3 – The operation’s water sources • If 3e or 3f = Yes then ask 3f(i) • 3f(i) Stream– Do cattle drink directly from pond or stream? • Item 4 – Is a trough used for drinking water? • 4a – Cleaned on a routine basis
Skip Pattern Issue
– Routine means at least once a year 77
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 6 – Does the operation have a WRITTEN grazing plan? • Item 7 – During the last 12 months did cattle: – Graze on public land (state or federal) BLM, US Forest Service, WY Office of State Lands, CO State Land Board, MT Agriculture and Grazing Management – Graze on grazing association land – Graze on leased, private lands – Graze on your own land
• Item 7 X (i) – Were your animals commingle with other cattle from other operations? 78
Section C—Breeding Practices and Calving • Item 7
What if…
… The operator grazes his cattle on public land with cattle from another operation, but the operator never sees his cattle mix with these other cattle?
--- Answer “Yes” . Since there are no barriers preventing the two sets of cattle to commingle, then mark “Yes”.. 79
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 9a – Restrict access of cattle to flowing water sources • Item 9b – Restrict access of cattle to timber • Items 9a and 9b – If cattle are restricted once then answer Yes. – If there is no water or timber select NA.
• Item 10 – Fly control methods
80
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment • Item 11—Rodent-control methods used on the operation • Check “Yes” or “No” and enter the appropriate code to indicate whether the listed rodent-control methods were used routinely on the operation during the last 12 months.
81
Section E - Other Animals and the Environment Item 11 What if… …the operator used bait during one unusually rodent-filled spell in the fall, but normally does not because he does not want it to harm other animals?
--Mark “No.” We want to know what the operator routinely uses for rodent control. 82
83
Section F - Biosecurity This section asks about movement of cattle on and off the operation, practices regarding use of equipment, and visitors to the operation.
Note: This section refers to the operation’s entire cattle herd, including beef stockers and feeders and all dairy cattle.
84
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 2—During the last 12 months did cattle leave the operation, attend the following events, and return to the operation? – Check “Yes” or “No” and enter the appropriate event code to indicate whether any cattle left the operation to attend the events listed in Items 2a through 2c and then returned to the operation. – Exclude trips where cattle left to graze.
85
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 4—Number of trips to different destinations in last 12 months – Record the number of round trips (to the destination and back) made by any of the operation’s cattle to the listed general destinations during the previous 12 months. – If the operator reports cattle traveling to other countries, such as Canada, report in 4d Other and specify which country. – Count trips as a round trip for the cattle, not the operator. – Multiple vehicles and cattle traveling to the same place, for the same purpose, and returning would equal one trip. 86
Section F - Biosecurity Item 4 What if… …30 heifer calves went to a custom heifer raiser 10 miles away for 8 months? --If they all left and returned together within the last 12 months, count this as one trip for Item 4a.
87
Section F - Biosecurity Item 6 – How often is equipment used for manure handling also used to handle feed? • We are primarily interested in knowing if manure can contact surfaces that contain feed. • You may need to ask the producer if there is potential for manure from tractor tires to come into contact with hay bales being picked up.
88
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 10 – Permanent removal of cattle during the last 12 months – Beef OR Dairy, Cattle OR Calves – Permanent removal includes cattle sent to other operations, auction markets, slaughter plants. – Exclude deaths on the operation.
Goodbye!
89
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 11 – Shipments of cattle that permanently left your operation during the last 12 months • A shipment is one group of animals moved all at once, regardless of the number of vehicles used to move them. • Open up your questionnaire to Page 24.
90
Section F - Biosecurity • Column 1 – Destination code
• Column 2 – Cattle code
• Columns 5, 6, and 7 Distance Code
91
Section F - Biosecurity • For each unique Destination/Cattle type trip: – Destination code – Column 1 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Cattle type code – Column 2 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Number of head that were sent - Column 3 – Number of shipments - Column 4 – Minimum distance from destination – Column 5 – Maximum distance from destination – Column 6 – Average distance from destination - Column 7
• If the number of unique combinations exceeds 8 lines, record additional lines in the bottom margin or on page 35 (blank). 92
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 11 example • Shipments: 1. 50 weaned beef heifers and 100 weaned beef steers were sent to a feedlot 105 miles away from the operation 2. 100 weaned beef heifers and 200 weaned beef steers were sent to a feedlot 30 miles away from the operation 3. 2 weaned beef heifers were sent to another operation for breeding 15 miles away
93
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types? Destination
Cattle Type
Feedlot (3) Feedlot (3) Another operation (5)
Weaned beef steers, heifers…intended for…feeding (5) Weaned beef steers, heifers…intended for…feeding (5) Weaned heifer… intended for breeding (2)
Feedlot (3) Another operation (5)
Weaned beef steers, heifers…intended for…feeding (5) Weaned heifer… intended for breeding (2) 94
Section F - Biosecurity
3 5
5 2
450 2
2 1
2 2
4 2
3 2
How do we compute Average Distance (column 7)?
95
Section F - Biosecurity How do we compute Average Distance (column 7)? 1. Sum the distances. 105 + 30 = 135 2. Take the sum and divide by the 135 / 2 = 67.5 number of shipments (column 4). 3. Code the average distance 67.5 = code 3 (50-99 miles) computed from step 2.
96
Section F - Biosecurity What if the operator chooses a range and doesn’t tell you the exact mileage? • Choose the midpoint of the range. Code 1 2 3 4 5 6
Description 9 miles or less 10 - 49 miles 50-99 miles 100-249 miles 250-499 miles 500 miles or more
Midpoint 5 30 72 175 375 500 97
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 11 - example 2 • Shipments: 1. 50 weaned beef heifers were sold/sent to another operation 250 miles away from the operation for breeding 2. 150 weaned beef heifers were sold/sent to another operation 12 miles away from the operation for breeding 3. 2 weaned beef breeding bulls were sent to an auction house 6 miles away
98
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types?
Destination
Cattle Type
Another operation (5) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Another operation (5) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Sale barn/Auction (2) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4)
Another operation (5) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Sale barn/Auction (2) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4) 99
Section F - Biosecurity
5 2
2 4
200 2
2 1
2 1
5 1
4 1
How do we compute the average distance? (250 + 12) / 262 = 131 131 = Code 4 100
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 12 – Beef or dairy cattle brought onto operation during the last 12 months – Beef OR Dairy, Cattle OR Calves
• Similar to Item 10, except we are asking for cattle be brought onto the operation. Hello!
101
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 13 – Shipments of cattle that were brought onto your operation during the last 12 months. • A shipment is one group of animals moved all at once, regardless of the number of vehicles used to move them. • Open up your questionnaire to Page 25.
102
Section F - Biosecurity • Column 1 – Source code
• Column 2 -Cattle type code
Columns 6, 7 and 8 Distance code
103
Section F - Biosecurity • For each unique Destination/Cattle type trip: – Source code (where the cattle are coming from) – Column 1 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Cattle type code – Column 2 (must have this code to be at all useful) – Number of head that were brought from - Column 3 – Number of shipments - Column 4 – Number of shipments that crossed state lines – Column 5 – Minimum distance from source – Column 6 – Maximum distance from source – Column 7 – Average distance from source - Column 8
• If the number of unique combinations exceeds 8 lines, record additional lines in the bottom margin or on page 35 (blank). 104
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 13 example • Shipments: 1. 1 weaned beef bull for breeding was received from an auction house 60 miles away from the operation in a bordering state. 2. 10 weaned beef heifers for breeding were received from a livestock dealer 495 miles away from the operation in a bordering state. 3. 15 weaned beef heifers for breeding were received from a livestock dealer 9 miles away from the operation in the same state.
105
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types? Source Auction (3) Livestock dealer (4) Livestock dealer (4)
Cattle Type Weaned beef bull …intended for breeding (4) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2)
Auction (3) Livestock dealer (4)
Weaned beef bull …intended for breeding (4) Weaned beef heifers…intended for breeding (2) 106
Section F - Biosecurity
3 4
4 2
1 25
1 2
1 1
3 1
3 5
3 5
b. Average distance = (9 + 495) /2 = 252 252 = Code 5 107
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 13 - example 2 • Shipments: 1. 55 weaned beef heifers for breeding were received from another beef cattle operation 35 miles away from the operation in a bordering state 2. 10 beef cows were received from a livestock dealer 40 miles away from the operation 3. 5 beef cows were received from a livestock dealer 14 miles away from the operation 108
Section F - Biosecurity What are the unique destination/cattle types? Source Cattle Type A beef cattle operation (1) Weaned beef heifers intended for breeding (2) Livestock dealer (2) Beef cows (3) Livestock dealer (2) Beef cows (3)
A beef cattle operation (1) Weaned beef heifers intended for breeding (2) Livestock dealer (2) Beef cows (3) 109
Section F - Biosecurity
1 4
2 3
55 15
1 2
1 0
2 2
2 2
2 2
b. Average distance = (14 + 40) /2 = 27 27 = Code 2 110
Section F - Biosecurity • Item 15 – Number of visitors by type • Count each person visit separately. If a NASS enumerator visited the operation 3 times in the last 12 months, enter 3 for Recreational visitors. • Do visitors have contact with cattle on your operation? – Contact is touching the animal OR walking through the pens.
111
112
Section F - Biosecurity • Class Exercises 1 and 2
113
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 1 – Answers Using the shipment data below: Determine the unique destination/cattle types, and Fill out section F items 10 and 11. • Shipments: – 121 fed market weight beef cattle were sent to an order buyer/dealer 76 miles away from the operation – 50 fed market weight beef cattle were sent to an order buyer/dealer 20 miles away from the operation – 1 weaned beef bull was sent to an auction to be sold for breeding 150 miles away – 10 cow-calf pairs (unweaned beef calves with dam) were sent to another operation 48 miles away 114
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 1 - What are the unique destination/cattle types? Destination
Cattle Type
Order buyer dealer (6) Order buyer dealer (6) Auction (2) Another operation (5)
Fed market weight beef cattle (6) Fed market weight beef cattle (6) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4) Unweaned beef calves with dam (1)
Order buyer dealer (6) Auction (2) Another operation (5)
Fed market weight beef cattle (6) Beef bulls weaned or older … for breeding (4) Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) 115
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 1
6 6 171 2 2 2 4 1 1 4 5 1 20 1 2 a. Average distance = (76 + 20) /2 = 48 48 = Code 2
3 4 2
2 4 2 116
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 2 – Answers Using the shipment data below: Determine the unique destination/cattle types, and Fill out Section F items 12 and 13.
• Shipments: – 75 cow-calf pairs (unweaned beef calves with dam) were received from another beef cattle operation 102 miles away from the operation in a bordering state – 50 cow-calf pairs (unweaned beef calves with dam) were received from another beef cattle operation 86 miles away from the operation in a bordering state – 2 beef bulls were received from an auction 25 miles away from the operation in the same state – 1 beef bull was received from an auction 25 miles away from the 117 operation in the same state
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 2 - What are the unique source/cattle types? Source
Cattle Type
Beef cattle operation (1) Beef cattle operation (1) Auction (3) Auction (3)
Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) Beef bulls weaned or older…for breeding (4) Beef bulls weaned or older…for breeding (4)
Beef cattle operation (1) Auction (3)
Unweaned beef calves with dam (1) Beef bulls weaned or older…for breeding (4) 118
Section F - Biosecurity Exercise 2
1 3
1 3
250 3
2 2
2 0
3 2
4 2
3 2
a. Average distance = (102+86)/2 = 94 b. Average distance = (25+25)/2 = 25 94 = Code 3 25 = Code 2 119
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance • Section G asks about familiarity and use of the Beef Quality Assurance program. • This section refers only to the beef cow-calf operation (excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle), unless otherwise noted.
120
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance • What is the Beef Quality Assurance program (BQA)? – BQA is a voluntary program providing guidelines for beef cattle production. – BQA is coordinated nationally but implemented by each state. – BQA programs focuses on educating and training cattle producers, farm advisors, and veterinarians on the issues in cattle food safety and quality. – BQA demonstrates a promise to consumers that the industry is taking a proactive role in providing a high quality product that was produced in a way to foster animal welfare. 121
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance – BQA develops auditing materials for producers to evaluate their own operations. – BQA provides certification programs, such as cow-calf, stocker, feedyard, dairy, and transportation certifications. – Members include veterinarians, livestock market employees, truck drivers, pharmaceutical reps, feedyard employee and cattle ranchers. – BQA is funded primarily from checkoff fees. – More information can be found at www.bqa.org
122
Section G – Beef Quality Assurance • Item 1 – Has the operator heard of the Beef Quality Assurance program – Mark yes if operator knows little about the program but recognizes the name.
• Item 2 – Has operator attend BQA session in person? • Item 3 – Has operator utilized BQA online training modules? – If operator did not get all of the way thru the training, mark Yes.
123
124
Section H – Information and Identification • Section H examines the operator’s use of information sources, consultation with veterinarians, and identification practices. • Note: This section asks about this operation’s beef cow-calf operation, excluding stockers and feeders, and dairy cattle.
125
Section H – Information and Identification • Items 1 and 2 – Sources of information on breeding and genetics (item 1) and other information (item 2) for cow-calf operations – Item 1 – Asks specifically about breeding and genetic information – Item 2 – Asks about all other information
• For each of the information sources listed in Items a through j, indicate how useful the source is to the operator for making decisions for the cow-calf operation. 126
Section H – Information and Identification • Enter: – 1 if the source is “Not at all useful,” – 2 if the source is “Slightly useful,” – 3 if the source is “Moderately useful,” – 4 if the source is “Very useful,” or – 5 if the source is “Extremely useful” to the operator for the cow-calf operation.
127
Section H – Information and Identification • Items 4 and 5 - Beef cattle identification methods – Item 4 asks about identification methods for beef cows. – Item 5 asks about identification methods for beef calves. – For each type of identification in Items a through l, determine which methods are used for identifying this operation’s beef cows and calves. – For each method used, enter the percent of the operation’s beef cows and calves that have that type of identification. – The sum of the a through l may exceed 100, if cows have more than one type of identification. – See pages 70-72 of Interviewer’s manual for more information on each ID method. 128
Section H – Information and Identification Items 4 and 5—Beef cattle identification methods • For items g(i), h(i), i(i) and j(i) choose the appropriate code for whether the identification is unique to the cow or calf, unique to the ranch or unique to both the cow and ranch. • See the interviewer’s manual for descriptions of the types of identification.
129
130
Section I—Conclusion • Section I has three purposes: – Obtain the operator’s signature on the Consent Form; – Record the operator’s location for the Veterinarian follow-up interview; and – Enter the correct interview response code.
131
Section I—Conclusion • Item 1—Enter interview response code – Code 1—a completed interview in which the operation is qualified for the follow-up study and the operator signed the consent form. – Code 2—a completed interview in which the operation is qualified for the follow-up study but the operator did not sign the consent form. – Code 3—for operators who refuse to do any of the questionnaire, as well as for those who provide partial information and then refuse to finish the questionnaire. – Code 4—an operation that temporarily had and will have no beef cows between January 1 and December 31, 2017, but is still in business. 132
Section I—Conclusion • Code 5—Out of business • Code 7—an operation that will be excluded from the study because it is “out of scope” for the survey (e.g., university, extension, experimental, and institutional farms whose production is not for commercial purposes). • Code 8—an operation that, for various reasons, will probably be left uncontacted. • Code 9—an operation where the enumerator was unable to complete the interview during the survey time frame. Also, any operator the enumerator simply couldn’t contact despite repeated attempts.
133
Section I—Conclusion 9901 field • If question 1 answer equals 1, Complete, VMO consent signed then set 9901 = 1.
134
Section I—Conclusion Item 2—Reasons for refusals • Finally, for interview response codes “2” or “3” in Item 1, enter the code (from codes 110) for the reason that best describes why the respondent refused. --(Reminder: Code “2” is for a complete interview but refusal of the Consent Form by a qualified operator. Code “3” from Item 1 is for a refusal of the questionnaire.)
NO!
135
Section I—Conclusion • What is a completed interview? – Section B items 1 through 9 must be answered AND – Section C items 10 through 18 must be answered AND – At least 75% of the questionnaire is answered. – The section B and C required items are included in the 75%.
• How do you determine if a respondent completed 75% of the questionnaire? – Use your best judgement. – If it is a close call, then call it a complete interview. 136
Section I—Conclusion Item 3—Use of written or computerized records in answering the survey • Enter “Yes” or “No” to indicate whether the operator consulted written or computerized records when answering the survey questions.
137
Section I—Conclusion • Request signature on Consent Form – If the operator had or will have one or more beef cows between January 1 and December 31, 2017 (see Section A, Item 1 or 2 of the questionnaire), AND the operator completed the questionnaire, ask the operator to sign a Consent Form. – Explain that cow-calf operations for this survey were selected from a confidential list, and to meet confidentiality requirements, we must obtain the operator’s written permission to release the operator’s information to another agency. 138
Section I—Conclusion – Emphasize that signing the Consent Form does not obligate the operator to participate in the follow-up study. All it does is give NASS permission to share the operator’s name, address, and questionnaire so that he or she can be offered the opportunity to participate in the next phase of the study. – Use the backgrounder and news releases to help explain the follow-up study and demonstrate its importance.
139
Section I—Conclusion • If the operator agrees to sign the Consent form: – Legibly print the operator’s name (the person signing the consent form) on the topline, just above ‘Hereafter referred to as the Cooperator’. – After the operator reads the consent form instruct him or her to sign and date the form on the line designated ‘Cooperator’. – You (the enumerator) should sign and date the consent form where its says ‘NASDA Field Enumerator’. – Provide the operator with a blank copy of the consent form. – Write the name, address, phone number and directions on the consent form. 140
Section I—Conclusion • Respondent location and other comments – Record the operator’s location, along with other special tips, on the consent form. – The Veterinarian will be very grateful for detailed directions to the operation and information about special circumstances (e.g., the operator’s preferred contact times, etc.). – Be sure to provide explicit information about the specific site for which the questionnaire was completed so that the Veterinarian can return to the same site for Phase II. 141
Section I—Conclusion • Deliver the signed Consent Form and the completed questionnaire to the RFO per your NASDA Coordinator’s instructions. Leave a copy of the Consent Form with the respondent.
142
Completing the Interview • Provide the educational materials to the operator at the end of the interview, regardless of the outcome.
• Let operators know that results of the study will be posted to the NAHMS Web site and summary reports will be mailed to participants who said yes to Item 4 in section I.
143
Checklist Before Returning Questionnaire • All mandatory fields are completed for ALL questionnaires: Section I question 1, 9901, 9903 = 3, and 9998. • If the consent form is signed: – Contact information is recorded on the consent form. – Both the operator and enumerator signed the consent form.
• No PII is recorded on the questionnaire. If PII was accidently recorded, PII must be marked out so that it cannot be read. • Questionnaires and all confidential information are double wrapped for mailing. 144
145
Thank You • Your role as the enumerator in this survey is crucial to achieving the Beef Management 2017-18 study objectives. • Without you, we would not be able to gather the necessary data in an accurate and effective manner. • We greatly appreciate your hard work and dedication to the project. • Please turn in your evaluation form before you leave. 146
The End Donna Hambric – Survey lead Andy Cochran – Survey backup 720 787 3150 Project Code 930
147
