7 10 16 9.30 10.30 Brown 16 06 2016 1466087062
Overview
Counseling and Advocating for Children of Incarcerated Parents
Agenda and Learning Objectives The Problem CIP in Schools Counseling CIP Advocacy and CIP
Emily Brown
Learning Objectives ● Following this presentation, participants will be able to identify common experiences faced by children of incarcerated parents (CIP). ● Following this presentation, participants will be able to describe counseling interventions with CIP. ● Following this presentation, participants will be able to access tools for advocating for CIP.
The Problem ● Prevalence ● Adverse Childhood Experiences ● Impact on Well-being
By the Numbers 5 million (1 in 14 or 6.9%) children in America will live with an incarcerated parent by the time they are 18. Race
Poverty Level
Age of Child
White
6.0%
Poor
12.5%
Birth - 5
5%
Black
11.5%
Low-income
9.1%
6 - 11
8%
Hispanic
6.4%
Not low-income
3.9%
12 - 17
8%
Other
7.0%
Source: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-42ParentsBehindBars.pdf
Source: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-42ParentsBehindBars.pdf
Impact for CIP ● Disruption to parental contact ● Changes in caregivers ● Financial impact
Manifestations of Parental Incarceration ● Health outcomes ● Emotional difficulties ● Increased risks for antisocial and delinquent behavior
CIP in Schools ● ● ● ●
Identifying CIP Secret Keeping School Performance Teacher Stigma
Teacher Stigma ● ● ●
“The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Lowered expectations Grade retention
School Performance ● ● ● ●
More school problems Lower school engagement for children ages 6-11 Behavior problems School absence
Voices of CIP
Client Conceptualization
Counseling CIP
Ambiguous Loss Theory (Boss, 2004)
● Conceptualizations of Loss ● Social & Emotional Needs of CIP ● Interventions
Physical Absence & Psychological Presence __________________ Examples: missing persons, absent parents in divorced families, incarceration
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
CIP Need . . . Supportive relationships Acceptance without stigma or shame Validation of feelings
● ● ●
Delivery Services Interventions
Counseling Approach ●
●
Focus on resilience for coping and strengths rather than closure Counselors consider . . . ○ ○ ○
How is the loss impacting the family? Is there any guilt or self-blame? Validating the psychological presence of the missing person
No possibility of closure Experience of loss plus ambiguity Relational and emotional processes freeze Family roles become confusing Stress is traumatizing and immobilizing
Loss of relationships and attachments Loss of acceptance (social stigma) Loss of control and stability
●
Occurs when people experience a loss that is not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned, or publicly mourned. Correlates with higher levels of anger, guilt, & confusion
Examples: dementia, addiction, autism, brain injury, coma
CIP Experience . . .
Disenfranchised Grief ●
Psychological Absence (Emotionally or Cognitively) & Physical Presence __________________
●
● ●
Individual counseling (address loss, build coping skills for loss) Group counseling (peer support) Core curriculum (social justice curriculum to build empathy and acceptance)
Resources
Resources Books: What Do I Say About That? (Cook, 2015) The Invisible String (Karst, 2000) My Daddy is in Jail (Bender, 2003) * Empowering Children of Incarcerated Parents (Burgess, Caselman & Carsey, 2009) *
Sesame Street Toolkit: http://www. sesamestreet. org/parents/ topicsandactivities/toolk its/incarceration
Full list of books: https://www.nh. gov/nhdoc/fcc/documents/fccbooklist01.pdf * small group resource
Advocacy and CIP ● Advocacy Competencies ● Advocating with and for CIP ● Bill of Rights
Advocacy Competencies The ASCA National Model (2012) uses the ACA Advocacy Competencies to conceptualize advocacy for school counselors.
https://www.counseling.org/Resources/Competencies/Advocacy_Competencies.pdf
Student Empowerment
Student Advocacy
Efforts that facilitate the identification of barriers and development of self-advocacy skills and resources
Assessing and responding to the need for direct intervention within the system on behalf of the student
Examples:
Examples:
● Using direct student services to help students identify strengths ● Using direct student services to teach self-advocacy skills ● Help students carry out self-advocacy action plans
● Consultation and collaboration with teachers, administrators, and support staff working with CIP ● Identifying potential allies for confronting barriers related to parental incarceration
School/Community Collaboration
Systems Advocacy
School counselor and community collaborate to address a problem and devise an advocacy plan
Identifying systemic problem and gaining insight from those most affected to implement advocacy at systems level
Examples:
Examples:
● Consider the unique needs of CIP and address in curriculum action plan ● Connect parents and caregivers to other resources from organizations and groups responding to parental incarceration
● Needs assessment to identify needs of CIP in your school ● Using data to develop a vision for serving the needs of CIP ● Develop step-by-step action plans to address needs of CIP
Public Information and Social/Political Advocacy Collaboration between school counselor and community to alert public to issues regarding human dignity & advocating at policy or legislative level when necessary Examples: ● Sharing information about CIP with community ● Serving on community organizations serving CIP ● Involvement with professional associations lobbying for rights of CIP
Bill of Rights The San Francisco Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership (SFCIPP) developed a bill of rights for CIP in 2003. I HAVE THE RIGHT… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Source: http://www.sfcipp.org/
School Counselors & The Bill of Rights 6. To support as I face my parent’s incarceration. ● Train adults who work with young people to recognize the needs and concerns of children whose parents are incarcerated ● Provide access to specially-trained therapists, counselors and/or mentors.
Next Steps ●
●
7. Not to be judged, blamed, or labeled. ● Create opportunities for children of incarcerated parents to communicate with and support each other Source: http://media.wix.com/ugd/73a5ec_83e372f34c154ffb99d9725a95ec1918.pdf
To be kept safe and informed at the time of my parent’s arrest. To be heard when decisions are made about me. To be considered when decisions are made about my parent. To be well cared for in my parent’s absence. To speak with, see, and touch my parent. To support as I face my parent’s incarceration. Not to be judged, blamed, or labeled. To a lifelong relationship with my parent.
●
What are your reactions to the information presented today? How are you currently serving CIP in your school? How will you use this information in your work with CIP?
Questions? Emily Brown [email protected] Twitter: schoolcslrideas
Counseling and Advocating for Children of Incarcerated Parents: Resources for School Counselors List Compiled by Emily Brown [email protected] Picture Books: ● What Do I Say About That? (Julia Cook) ● My Daddy is in Jail (Janet Bender) ● The Night Dad Went to Jail: What to Expect When Someone You Love Goes to Jail (Melissa Higgins) ● Visiting Day (Jacqueline Woodson) ● The Invisible String (Patrice Karst) ● Full List of Books: https://www.nh.gov/nhdoc/fcc/documents/fccbooklist01.pdf Resources for Counseling: ● Empowering Children of Incarcerated Parents (Burgess, Caselman & Carsey) ● Sesame Street’s Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration http://www.sesamestreet.org/toolkits/incarceration ● Journal Articles: ○ Lopez, A., & Burt, B. (2013). Counseling groups: A creative strategy increasing children of incarcerated parents’ sociorelational interactions. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 8 (4), 395415. doi:10.1080/15401383.2013.844660 ○ Lopez, C., & Bhat, C. S. (2007). Supporting students with incarcerated parents in schools: A group intervention. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 32 (2), 139–153. doi:10.1080/01933920701227125 Additional Information about Parental Incarceration ● Parents Behind Bars: What Happens to their Children? (Murphey & Cooper, 2015) www.childtrends.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/201542ParentsBehindBars.pdf ● Children of the Incarcerated Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6I6vL_OyNmA Additional Resources for those Supporting CIP: ● Top 10 Things You Should Know http://www.projectavary.org/topten/ ● Handbooks for Caregivers from The Osborne Association http://www.osborneny.org/programSubPage.cfm?subPageID=54 ● List of 36 Resources from the Annie E. Casey Foundation http://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecfchildrenwithincarceratedparentsresourcelist200 8.pdf ● Tip Sheet for Teachers Supporting CIP http://youth.gov/sites/default/files/COIP_TipSheetTeachers_508.pdf ● The Children of Incarcerated Parents Bill of Rights . The San Francisco Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership. 2005. www.sfcipp.org Support Programs for CIP: ● Amachi Mentoring www.amachimentoring.org ● Angel Tree Prison Fellowship (mentoring & Christmas gifts) www.angeltree.org
Counseling and Advocating for Children of Incarcerated Parents
Agenda and Learning Objectives The Problem CIP in Schools Counseling CIP Advocacy and CIP
Emily Brown
Learning Objectives ● Following this presentation, participants will be able to identify common experiences faced by children of incarcerated parents (CIP). ● Following this presentation, participants will be able to describe counseling interventions with CIP. ● Following this presentation, participants will be able to access tools for advocating for CIP.
The Problem ● Prevalence ● Adverse Childhood Experiences ● Impact on Well-being
By the Numbers 5 million (1 in 14 or 6.9%) children in America will live with an incarcerated parent by the time they are 18. Race
Poverty Level
Age of Child
White
6.0%
Poor
12.5%
Birth - 5
5%
Black
11.5%
Low-income
9.1%
6 - 11
8%
Hispanic
6.4%
Not low-income
3.9%
12 - 17
8%
Other
7.0%
Source: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-42ParentsBehindBars.pdf
Source: http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-42ParentsBehindBars.pdf
Impact for CIP ● Disruption to parental contact ● Changes in caregivers ● Financial impact
Manifestations of Parental Incarceration ● Health outcomes ● Emotional difficulties ● Increased risks for antisocial and delinquent behavior
CIP in Schools ● ● ● ●
Identifying CIP Secret Keeping School Performance Teacher Stigma
Teacher Stigma ● ● ●
“The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Lowered expectations Grade retention
School Performance ● ● ● ●
More school problems Lower school engagement for children ages 6-11 Behavior problems School absence
Voices of CIP
Client Conceptualization
Counseling CIP
Ambiguous Loss Theory (Boss, 2004)
● Conceptualizations of Loss ● Social & Emotional Needs of CIP ● Interventions
Physical Absence & Psychological Presence __________________ Examples: missing persons, absent parents in divorced families, incarceration
● ● ● ● ●
●
● ●
CIP Need . . . Supportive relationships Acceptance without stigma or shame Validation of feelings
● ● ●
Delivery Services Interventions
Counseling Approach ●
●
Focus on resilience for coping and strengths rather than closure Counselors consider . . . ○ ○ ○
How is the loss impacting the family? Is there any guilt or self-blame? Validating the psychological presence of the missing person
No possibility of closure Experience of loss plus ambiguity Relational and emotional processes freeze Family roles become confusing Stress is traumatizing and immobilizing
Loss of relationships and attachments Loss of acceptance (social stigma) Loss of control and stability
●
Occurs when people experience a loss that is not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned, or publicly mourned. Correlates with higher levels of anger, guilt, & confusion
Examples: dementia, addiction, autism, brain injury, coma
CIP Experience . . .
Disenfranchised Grief ●
Psychological Absence (Emotionally or Cognitively) & Physical Presence __________________
●
● ●
Individual counseling (address loss, build coping skills for loss) Group counseling (peer support) Core curriculum (social justice curriculum to build empathy and acceptance)
Resources
Resources Books: What Do I Say About That? (Cook, 2015) The Invisible String (Karst, 2000) My Daddy is in Jail (Bender, 2003) * Empowering Children of Incarcerated Parents (Burgess, Caselman & Carsey, 2009) *
Sesame Street Toolkit: http://www. sesamestreet. org/parents/ topicsandactivities/toolk its/incarceration
Full list of books: https://www.nh. gov/nhdoc/fcc/documents/fccbooklist01.pdf * small group resource
Advocacy and CIP ● Advocacy Competencies ● Advocating with and for CIP ● Bill of Rights
Advocacy Competencies The ASCA National Model (2012) uses the ACA Advocacy Competencies to conceptualize advocacy for school counselors.
https://www.counseling.org/Resources/Competencies/Advocacy_Competencies.pdf
Student Empowerment
Student Advocacy
Efforts that facilitate the identification of barriers and development of self-advocacy skills and resources
Assessing and responding to the need for direct intervention within the system on behalf of the student
Examples:
Examples:
● Using direct student services to help students identify strengths ● Using direct student services to teach self-advocacy skills ● Help students carry out self-advocacy action plans
● Consultation and collaboration with teachers, administrators, and support staff working with CIP ● Identifying potential allies for confronting barriers related to parental incarceration
School/Community Collaboration
Systems Advocacy
School counselor and community collaborate to address a problem and devise an advocacy plan
Identifying systemic problem and gaining insight from those most affected to implement advocacy at systems level
Examples:
Examples:
● Consider the unique needs of CIP and address in curriculum action plan ● Connect parents and caregivers to other resources from organizations and groups responding to parental incarceration
● Needs assessment to identify needs of CIP in your school ● Using data to develop a vision for serving the needs of CIP ● Develop step-by-step action plans to address needs of CIP
Public Information and Social/Political Advocacy Collaboration between school counselor and community to alert public to issues regarding human dignity & advocating at policy or legislative level when necessary Examples: ● Sharing information about CIP with community ● Serving on community organizations serving CIP ● Involvement with professional associations lobbying for rights of CIP
Bill of Rights The San Francisco Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership (SFCIPP) developed a bill of rights for CIP in 2003. I HAVE THE RIGHT… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Source: http://www.sfcipp.org/
School Counselors & The Bill of Rights 6. To support as I face my parent’s incarceration. ● Train adults who work with young people to recognize the needs and concerns of children whose parents are incarcerated ● Provide access to specially-trained therapists, counselors and/or mentors.
Next Steps ●
●
7. Not to be judged, blamed, or labeled. ● Create opportunities for children of incarcerated parents to communicate with and support each other Source: http://media.wix.com/ugd/73a5ec_83e372f34c154ffb99d9725a95ec1918.pdf
To be kept safe and informed at the time of my parent’s arrest. To be heard when decisions are made about me. To be considered when decisions are made about my parent. To be well cared for in my parent’s absence. To speak with, see, and touch my parent. To support as I face my parent’s incarceration. Not to be judged, blamed, or labeled. To a lifelong relationship with my parent.
●
What are your reactions to the information presented today? How are you currently serving CIP in your school? How will you use this information in your work with CIP?
Questions? Emily Brown [email protected] Twitter: schoolcslrideas
Counseling and Advocating for Children of Incarcerated Parents: Resources for School Counselors List Compiled by Emily Brown [email protected] Picture Books: ● What Do I Say About That? (Julia Cook) ● My Daddy is in Jail (Janet Bender) ● The Night Dad Went to Jail: What to Expect When Someone You Love Goes to Jail (Melissa Higgins) ● Visiting Day (Jacqueline Woodson) ● The Invisible String (Patrice Karst) ● Full List of Books: https://www.nh.gov/nhdoc/fcc/documents/fccbooklist01.pdf Resources for Counseling: ● Empowering Children of Incarcerated Parents (Burgess, Caselman & Carsey) ● Sesame Street’s Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration http://www.sesamestreet.org/toolkits/incarceration ● Journal Articles: ○ Lopez, A., & Burt, B. (2013). Counseling groups: A creative strategy increasing children of incarcerated parents’ sociorelational interactions. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 8 (4), 395415. doi:10.1080/15401383.2013.844660 ○ Lopez, C., & Bhat, C. S. (2007). Supporting students with incarcerated parents in schools: A group intervention. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 32 (2), 139–153. doi:10.1080/01933920701227125 Additional Information about Parental Incarceration ● Parents Behind Bars: What Happens to their Children? (Murphey & Cooper, 2015) www.childtrends.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/201542ParentsBehindBars.pdf ● Children of the Incarcerated Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6I6vL_OyNmA Additional Resources for those Supporting CIP: ● Top 10 Things You Should Know http://www.projectavary.org/topten/ ● Handbooks for Caregivers from The Osborne Association http://www.osborneny.org/programSubPage.cfm?subPageID=54 ● List of 36 Resources from the Annie E. Casey Foundation http://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecfchildrenwithincarceratedparentsresourcelist200 8.pdf ● Tip Sheet for Teachers Supporting CIP http://youth.gov/sites/default/files/COIP_TipSheetTeachers_508.pdf ● The Children of Incarcerated Parents Bill of Rights . The San Francisco Children of Incarcerated Parents Partnership. 2005. www.sfcipp.org Support Programs for CIP: ● Amachi Mentoring www.amachimentoring.org ● Angel Tree Prison Fellowship (mentoring & Christmas gifts) www.angeltree.org
