Ch. 2 Tools and Measuring Instruments
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Ch. 2 Tools and Measuring Instruments
1
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Shop Tools 1.Tools are organized in sizes. To find them easily, they need to stay in that organized order. If you use a tool on the wall, then return it to that exact locaon. 2. If you find tools that are in the wrong locaon, put them where they are supposed to go. 3.If a tool breaks or is unusable, tell your instructor instead of hiding it for him to find later. 4.When using telescoping gauges, dial calipers, and micrometers, do not loosen them to the point where they come apart. Telescoping gauges only need ¼ turn to loosen, any more will cause it fly apart, making it unusable and unfixable. 5. If tools have oil or grease on them, they need to be wiped off before being put back into storage.
2
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Wrenches Box End Openend Adjustable Allen Socket Torque
Type of wrench used may depend on kind of fastener to be installed or removed
3
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Wrenches Boxend, openend, adjustable, and socket wrenches are used on hexagon head bolts and nuts.
4
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
OpenEnd Wrench
only be used when it is not possible to encompass the nut or bolt head with a box end wrench ro a socket
5
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Boxend wrench
can be used where partial or fullturn clearance is available, less likely to slip around the bolt head corners than open end or adjustable wrenches
6
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Combination Wrench
has a boxend wrench on one end and an openend wrench on the other.
7
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Tubing Wrench
used on metal tubing connection fittings. Always pull tool instead of pushing it.
8
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Adjustable Wrench
should only be used as a last resort when other wrenches are not available. Prone to loosening and slipping around corners of bolts and nuts
9
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Socket Sets
For small engine work, sets with standard and deep length sockets, one ratchet wrench, one spark plug socket, and several extensions will meet needs
10
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Sockets useful when bolts or nuts are recessed in counterbored holes, save time compared to other wrenches
11
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Allen Wrench
Used to remove or install hex socket head screws, metric sizes and US sizes. Don't interchange.
12
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Wrench
is used to tighten threaded fasteners to a specific torque setting. Torque is the turning force applied to a fastener.
13
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Wrench
When using this wrench, the mechanic pulls the wrench until the pointer reaches the correct reading
14
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Charts
Most small engine torque charts specify both inchpounds(inlb) and footpounds (ftlb), clearly marked on scale
15
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Reading Product of length of wrench handle by the applied force. 1 lb of force through a 1 ft handle would produce 1 ftlb or 12 inchlb. To convert ftlb to inch lb, multiply the ftlb reading by 12
16
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Pliers extremely useful for gripping, bending, pullling and in some cases cutting wire. They should not be used to replace wrenches.Damage surfaces when used.
17
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
ViseGrip Pliers
designed for applying great clamping pressure and have large gripping teeth. They use mechanical advantage to increase grip.
18
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
NeedleNose Pliers
very useful for bending small wires and for gripping items that have fallen into small areas
19
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Diagonal Sidecutting Pliers
ideal for cutting various types of electrical wire
20
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Combination SlipJoint Pliers
general purpose, less expensive used for cutting soft, solid wire. Should not get hot since they will become distorted and lose hardness of their cutting jaws
21
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Retaining Ring Pliers
Inside and outside retaining rings are used to keep a part from moving on a shaft. Retaining rings are made from spring steel and must be installed and removed with retaining ring pliers
22
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Standard Screwdrivers
size of blade should match the length and thickness of screw head slot
23
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Phillips screwdrivers
used for Phillips head screws and bolts, which have crossshaped recess, match sizes of screws and bolts
24
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Ball Peen Hammers
used for tapping things into place, used with punches and chisels, care must be taken so that parts are not dented or deformed by hammer
25
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Center Punch
used to make depressions in metal surfaces before drilling. The depression helps start the drill
26
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Pin Punch
used for driving straight pins, tapered pins and roll pins in and out of holes
27
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Cold Chisel
a cutting tool that can shear bolts, pins, rivets, sheet metal, rods and other materials
28
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Gear Pullers
used for pulling gears and bearings from shafts, lots of force to remove, can be used to remove flywheels, use bearing splitter to avoid damange to bearings and outer race
29
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Cleaning Tank
used to safely clean small engine parts. A nontoxic non flammable solvent should be used to scrub engine parts after old gaskets
30
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Measuring Instruments Dimensions are critical to proper engine operation. Extremely important to be able to measure engine parts and clearances accurately. Determine if parts are within specified limits or need to be replaced. Keep instruments clean and in proper working condition.
31
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Shop Tools 1.Tools are organized in sizes. To find them easily, they need to stay in that organized order. If you use a tool on the wall, then return it to that exact locaon. 2. If you find tools that are in the wrong locaon, put them where they are supposed to go. 3.If a tool breaks or is unusable, tell your instructor instead of hiding it for him to find later. 4.When using telescoping gauges, dial calipers, and micrometers, do not loosen them to the point where they come apart. Telescoping gauges only need ¼ turn to loosen, any more will cause it fly apart, making it unusable and unfixable. 5. If tools have oil or grease on them, they need to be wiped off before being put back into storage.
32
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Micrometer
Precision instrument designed to accurately measure pistons, crankshafts, valve stems, and other small engine components. Outside micrometer measure thicknesses and outside diameters. Inside for internal measurements.
33
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Using A Micrometer
Turn the thimble until the spindle touches the object. Overtightening can permantely damage the micrometer. Use lock nut to secure the spindle so that it does not turn during removal
34
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Google: Wisconline micrometer http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=MTL1902
35
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Micrometer Activity and Lab Measure Crankshaft 1. Connecting Rod 2. Flywheel 3. ? WS Exercises
36
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Vernier Caliper
used to measure both external and internal measurements
37
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Telescoping Gauges
transfer type measuring instruments, do not provide direct measurement
38
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Telescoping Gauges used to measure inside diameter of cylinder 1. Depress the spindle 2. Place gauge in cylinder and release lock screw. Spindle will spring out to touch walls of cylinder. 3. Tighten lock screw. 4. Tilt gauge handle and remove the gauge. 5. Measure across spindle faces with outside micrometer
39
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Thickness Gauges(Feeler Gauges)
rely on user's sense of feel for accuracy, used to measure small gaps and spaces between surfaces, measure; end play, spark plug gap, breaker point gap, and piston ring gap
40
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Combination Square
used to measure the length of valve springs and cehck them for straightness
41
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Dial Indicator
Used to measure crankshaft endplay
42
February 09, 2014
Ch. 2 Tools and Measuring Instruments
1
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Shop Tools 1.Tools are organized in sizes. To find them easily, they need to stay in that organized order. If you use a tool on the wall, then return it to that exact locaon. 2. If you find tools that are in the wrong locaon, put them where they are supposed to go. 3.If a tool breaks or is unusable, tell your instructor instead of hiding it for him to find later. 4.When using telescoping gauges, dial calipers, and micrometers, do not loosen them to the point where they come apart. Telescoping gauges only need ¼ turn to loosen, any more will cause it fly apart, making it unusable and unfixable. 5. If tools have oil or grease on them, they need to be wiped off before being put back into storage.
2
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Wrenches Box End Openend Adjustable Allen Socket Torque
Type of wrench used may depend on kind of fastener to be installed or removed
3
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Wrenches Boxend, openend, adjustable, and socket wrenches are used on hexagon head bolts and nuts.
4
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
OpenEnd Wrench
only be used when it is not possible to encompass the nut or bolt head with a box end wrench ro a socket
5
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Boxend wrench
can be used where partial or fullturn clearance is available, less likely to slip around the bolt head corners than open end or adjustable wrenches
6
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Combination Wrench
has a boxend wrench on one end and an openend wrench on the other.
7
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Tubing Wrench
used on metal tubing connection fittings. Always pull tool instead of pushing it.
8
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Adjustable Wrench
should only be used as a last resort when other wrenches are not available. Prone to loosening and slipping around corners of bolts and nuts
9
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Socket Sets
For small engine work, sets with standard and deep length sockets, one ratchet wrench, one spark plug socket, and several extensions will meet needs
10
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Sockets useful when bolts or nuts are recessed in counterbored holes, save time compared to other wrenches
11
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Allen Wrench
Used to remove or install hex socket head screws, metric sizes and US sizes. Don't interchange.
12
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Wrench
is used to tighten threaded fasteners to a specific torque setting. Torque is the turning force applied to a fastener.
13
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Wrench
When using this wrench, the mechanic pulls the wrench until the pointer reaches the correct reading
14
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Charts
Most small engine torque charts specify both inchpounds(inlb) and footpounds (ftlb), clearly marked on scale
15
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Torque Reading Product of length of wrench handle by the applied force. 1 lb of force through a 1 ft handle would produce 1 ftlb or 12 inchlb. To convert ftlb to inch lb, multiply the ftlb reading by 12
16
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Pliers extremely useful for gripping, bending, pullling and in some cases cutting wire. They should not be used to replace wrenches.Damage surfaces when used.
17
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
ViseGrip Pliers
designed for applying great clamping pressure and have large gripping teeth. They use mechanical advantage to increase grip.
18
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
NeedleNose Pliers
very useful for bending small wires and for gripping items that have fallen into small areas
19
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Diagonal Sidecutting Pliers
ideal for cutting various types of electrical wire
20
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Combination SlipJoint Pliers
general purpose, less expensive used for cutting soft, solid wire. Should not get hot since they will become distorted and lose hardness of their cutting jaws
21
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Retaining Ring Pliers
Inside and outside retaining rings are used to keep a part from moving on a shaft. Retaining rings are made from spring steel and must be installed and removed with retaining ring pliers
22
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Standard Screwdrivers
size of blade should match the length and thickness of screw head slot
23
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Phillips screwdrivers
used for Phillips head screws and bolts, which have crossshaped recess, match sizes of screws and bolts
24
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Ball Peen Hammers
used for tapping things into place, used with punches and chisels, care must be taken so that parts are not dented or deformed by hammer
25
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Center Punch
used to make depressions in metal surfaces before drilling. The depression helps start the drill
26
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Pin Punch
used for driving straight pins, tapered pins and roll pins in and out of holes
27
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Cold Chisel
a cutting tool that can shear bolts, pins, rivets, sheet metal, rods and other materials
28
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Gear Pullers
used for pulling gears and bearings from shafts, lots of force to remove, can be used to remove flywheels, use bearing splitter to avoid damange to bearings and outer race
29
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Cleaning Tank
used to safely clean small engine parts. A nontoxic non flammable solvent should be used to scrub engine parts after old gaskets
30
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Measuring Instruments Dimensions are critical to proper engine operation. Extremely important to be able to measure engine parts and clearances accurately. Determine if parts are within specified limits or need to be replaced. Keep instruments clean and in proper working condition.
31
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Shop Tools 1.Tools are organized in sizes. To find them easily, they need to stay in that organized order. If you use a tool on the wall, then return it to that exact locaon. 2. If you find tools that are in the wrong locaon, put them where they are supposed to go. 3.If a tool breaks or is unusable, tell your instructor instead of hiding it for him to find later. 4.When using telescoping gauges, dial calipers, and micrometers, do not loosen them to the point where they come apart. Telescoping gauges only need ¼ turn to loosen, any more will cause it fly apart, making it unusable and unfixable. 5. If tools have oil or grease on them, they need to be wiped off before being put back into storage.
32
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Micrometer
Precision instrument designed to accurately measure pistons, crankshafts, valve stems, and other small engine components. Outside micrometer measure thicknesses and outside diameters. Inside for internal measurements.
33
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Using A Micrometer
Turn the thimble until the spindle touches the object. Overtightening can permantely damage the micrometer. Use lock nut to secure the spindle so that it does not turn during removal
34
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Google: Wisconline micrometer http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=MTL1902
35
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Micrometer Activity and Lab Measure Crankshaft 1. Connecting Rod 2. Flywheel 3. ? WS Exercises
36
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Vernier Caliper
used to measure both external and internal measurements
37
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Telescoping Gauges
transfer type measuring instruments, do not provide direct measurement
38
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Telescoping Gauges used to measure inside diameter of cylinder 1. Depress the spindle 2. Place gauge in cylinder and release lock screw. Spindle will spring out to touch walls of cylinder. 3. Tighten lock screw. 4. Tilt gauge handle and remove the gauge. 5. Measure across spindle faces with outside micrometer
39
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Thickness Gauges(Feeler Gauges)
rely on user's sense of feel for accuracy, used to measure small gaps and spaces between surfaces, measure; end play, spark plug gap, breaker point gap, and piston ring gap
40
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Combination Square
used to measure the length of valve springs and cehck them for straightness
41
ch.2tools.notebook
February 09, 2014
Dial Indicator
Used to measure crankshaft endplay
42
