Ch.5: Sensory Memory, Short-term & Working Memory
PSY270H1F L3, Sept 26, 2012
Language internalization in men vs. women: Q: Isn’t language more lateralized for men than women? A: Most recent publication (meta-analysis) shows that there is no significant different lateralization btwn men & women Adaptiveness of being left-handed? 50% of the 12 presidents of the USA since WWII were lefthanded when only 10% of their general population is lefthanded. 2nd time Bill Clinton ran, all candidates left-handed Left-handed pl over-represented in positions of leadership Why would left-handers potentially be better leaders? Possibly related o hemisphere specialization possibly more creative Dominant in right hemisphere – spatial + global/holistic info See the big picture more o process whole picture o Possibly could be selected in a small %age of the population because not everyone can be a leader
Ch.5: Sensory Memory, Short-term & Working Memory
A framework for memory Sensory memory Short-term memory Working memory Ch 6: Distinguishing STM & LTM
A Framework for Memory
When his deficits first appeared, experienced a prolonged period of depression o His experience was very jarring o He keeps writing the same things over & over again because his memory only lasts about 30s or less Sometimes as little as 7s, only a sentence Couldn’t finish sentences When answering a , often already forgotten it He says he never has thoughts Repeatedly happy to see his wife o
How this relates to memory: Memory is the key to who we are, w/o it we cannot associate info, events, experiences in time o w/o it there is no coherence to our experience of memory. Clive’s story shows us that memory is incredibly complex o Ex. How come he knows how to write but h can’t rmbr anything else? Why can he recognize his wife but can’t recognize his kids? Why isn’t he surprised to look in the mirror and see an older version f himself? How can he recognize his wife’s older face when his memory only lasts 30s? o These are some Qs that will gradually be discovered as we learn more about the brain
Memory: (as a thing) the record of info about our past experiences o complex Process: Mental operations o Encoding / Storage / Retrieval of info Sensory = briefest form
Prezi ... Modal Model of Memory
Clive Wearing One of most tragic features in cognitive neuropsychology Was in prime of life when herpres simplex virus (causes cold sores) invaded his brain swelling damage to dif brain structures Worst case of amnesia known, lost much of memory, only recognized wife Lost long-term memory Lives entirely in present May have had damage to hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, & frontal lobe His caregivers encouraged him to keep a diary, they thought it might help his memory o “I am now really awake” – he keeps scribbling things out & editing them
Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Computer metaphor – structures & operations o 3 types of memory (sensory, stm, ltm) Structural features of the model = skeleton of framework I provided For each structural: o Format of info – what code used to represent that info in the mind o Capacity (how much?) o Duration (how long?) Control processes: active processes controlled by the person o Ex. Rehearsal to try to facilitate encoding or keep the info present
Sensory Memory Briefest memory systems o Most primitive, based on direct sensory stimulation o Assists in processing sensory info
o Not a signal left over in sensory recs, is in brain Modality-specific o Dif qualities (format of info varies w sensory modality) Ex. Code for audition = auditory o Dif capacities & durations Synaesthesia – crossover, some ppl have pathways in brain crossed; of vision & audition generally in LTM
Iconic Memory Not about activity of retina Studied most since primarily visual animals Visual based tech developed in last 40yrs o Most tech available to us is visual based = Visual stimulation captured from retinas o Sensation lasts longer than stimulation (persistence) Icon –longer-lasing mental presentation Span & duration?
Partial report method (George Sperling, 1960) Recording letters in an array Cue which row he wanted them to report – cue came after letters disappeared Wanted to see if can encode whole view even if can’t record whole thing 2 conditions: o Control: told to record everything in array (dotted line) On avg could report 30% of array So maybe icnic memory represents ~37% of display o Expt’al: acess iconic memory to report appropriate line Could record 82% So a lot of visual display, at least 82%, recorded in iconic memory o Capacity? ~82% o Duration?
Language internalization in men vs. women: Q: Isn’t language more lateralized for men than women? A: Most recent publication (meta-analysis) shows that there is no significant different lateralization btwn men & women Adaptiveness of being left-handed? 50% of the 12 presidents of the USA since WWII were lefthanded when only 10% of their general population is lefthanded. 2nd time Bill Clinton ran, all candidates left-handed Left-handed pl over-represented in positions of leadership Why would left-handers potentially be better leaders? Possibly related o hemisphere specialization possibly more creative Dominant in right hemisphere – spatial + global/holistic info See the big picture more o process whole picture o Possibly could be selected in a small %age of the population because not everyone can be a leader
Ch.5: Sensory Memory, Short-term & Working Memory
A framework for memory Sensory memory Short-term memory Working memory Ch 6: Distinguishing STM & LTM
A Framework for Memory
When his deficits first appeared, experienced a prolonged period of depression o His experience was very jarring o He keeps writing the same things over & over again because his memory only lasts about 30s or less Sometimes as little as 7s, only a sentence Couldn’t finish sentences When answering a , often already forgotten it He says he never has thoughts Repeatedly happy to see his wife o
How this relates to memory: Memory is the key to who we are, w/o it we cannot associate info, events, experiences in time o w/o it there is no coherence to our experience of memory. Clive’s story shows us that memory is incredibly complex o Ex. How come he knows how to write but h can’t rmbr anything else? Why can he recognize his wife but can’t recognize his kids? Why isn’t he surprised to look in the mirror and see an older version f himself? How can he recognize his wife’s older face when his memory only lasts 30s? o These are some Qs that will gradually be discovered as we learn more about the brain
Memory: (as a thing) the record of info about our past experiences o complex Process: Mental operations o Encoding / Storage / Retrieval of info Sensory = briefest form
Prezi ... Modal Model of Memory
Clive Wearing One of most tragic features in cognitive neuropsychology Was in prime of life when herpres simplex virus (causes cold sores) invaded his brain swelling damage to dif brain structures Worst case of amnesia known, lost much of memory, only recognized wife Lost long-term memory Lives entirely in present May have had damage to hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, & frontal lobe His caregivers encouraged him to keep a diary, they thought it might help his memory o “I am now really awake” – he keeps scribbling things out & editing them
Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Computer metaphor – structures & operations o 3 types of memory (sensory, stm, ltm) Structural features of the model = skeleton of framework I provided For each structural: o Format of info – what code used to represent that info in the mind o Capacity (how much?) o Duration (how long?) Control processes: active processes controlled by the person o Ex. Rehearsal to try to facilitate encoding or keep the info present
Sensory Memory Briefest memory systems o Most primitive, based on direct sensory stimulation o Assists in processing sensory info
o Not a signal left over in sensory recs, is in brain Modality-specific o Dif qualities (format of info varies w sensory modality) Ex. Code for audition = auditory o Dif capacities & durations Synaesthesia – crossover, some ppl have pathways in brain crossed; of vision & audition generally in LTM
Iconic Memory Not about activity of retina Studied most since primarily visual animals Visual based tech developed in last 40yrs o Most tech available to us is visual based = Visual stimulation captured from retinas o Sensation lasts longer than stimulation (persistence) Icon –longer-lasing mental presentation Span & duration?
Partial report method (George Sperling, 1960) Recording letters in an array Cue which row he wanted them to report – cue came after letters disappeared Wanted to see if can encode whole view even if can’t record whole thing 2 conditions: o Control: told to record everything in array (dotted line) On avg could report 30% of array So maybe icnic memory represents ~37% of display o Expt’al: acess iconic memory to report appropriate line Could record 82% So a lot of visual display, at least 82%, recorded in iconic memory o Capacity? ~82% o Duration?
