Cliff Goudey
Innovations in Near-Shore Wave Energy Conversion
Cliff Goudey Senior Engineer Resolute Marine Energy
Innovations in Near-Shore Wave Energy Conversion Resolute Marine Energy, Inc. 3 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109 and 10 Mulliken Way, Newburyport, MA 01950
Clifford A. Goudey, Senior Engineer [email protected]
EBC Renewable Energy Program Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England February 27, 2013 Waltham, MA
Presentation outline • • • • • • • • •
Background on wave resources The principles of Oscillating Wave Surge Converters (OWSC) RME’s R&D on OWSC designs June 2010 tank tests of 0.21 m2 models at Alden Labs in Holden, MA June 2011 tank tests of a 2.4 to 4.9 m2 prototype at Ohmsett, NJ Dec. 2011 ocean tests of a 3.8 m2 prototype at Nags Head, NC Dec. 2012 ocean tests of a 17.5 m2 prototype at Duck, NC This SurgeWEC™ design The Yakutat Wave Power Project Much of this R&D was supported by the Department of Energy Water Power program through SBIR Phase 1 and Phase 2 awards.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
3
Wave energy expressed as kW/m
George Hagerman
Due to weather and Coriolis effect, and the resulting winds, wave energy is strongest on west coasts and towards the poles. EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
4
US Wave Energy Resources
Paasch. R. 2010. Wave Energy Opportunities and Developments
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
5
Seasonal variation of waves present challenges 70
Wave Power, kW/m
60
An eight-fold seasonal difference! What is your design condition?
50 40 30 20 10 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Months
8
9
10
11
12
Paasch. R. 2010. Wave Energy Opportunities and Developments
Wave data From National Data Buoy Center, Power estimated from five buoys off the Oregon coast over past 10 years)
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
6
The difference between deep and shallow-water waves
The energy of a wave becomes concentrated in shallow water and therefore more available to a wave energy converter. EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
7
Shallow-water wave energy converters Oscillating Wave Surge Converters (OWSC) have advantages compared to other WEC types • • • • • •
Shallow water (close to shore) Concentrated energy flux Sea surface can be avoided No aesthetic impact Benign to marine life (no entanglement, low velocity) Avoids extreme (and useless) waves AW-energy Wave Roller
Aquamarine Oyster
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
8
June 2010 tank tests at Alden Labs in Holden, MA
This SBIR Phase 1 laboratory-scale project examined of the role of paddle size and section shape on power generation. Tests of 17 shapes revealed the importance of optimum damping and paddle righting moments on power extraction.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
9
June 2011 prototype tests at MMS Ohmsett in Leonardo, NJ A 203 m long by 20 m wide by 3.4 m deep outdoor tank with 2.6 million gallons seawater able to generate regular waves and sea spectra up to 1 m. These experiments focused on the effects of paddle height vs. depth and the role of paddle buoyancy on performance at a water depth 2 m above the paddle hinge.
Paddle heights from 1.1 to 2.2 m were tested. An important goal was correlating these findings with a parallel numerical analysis focus. EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
10
Dec. 2011 ocean tests of a 3.8 m2 prototype at Nags Head, NC Hosted by the UNC Coastal Studies Institute, 305 m long Jennette’s Pier provided a convenient venue for the initial sea trials of a 2.3 m wide by 1.7 m tall paddle. Deployment depth was 7.5 m at the end of the pier. (h/d = 0.23)
Jennette's Pier 100 sec. data sample 1,200
Mechanical power (W)
1,000
800
600
400
200
0 300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
Time (sec.)
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
11
Dec. 2011 ocean tests of a 3.8 m2 prototype at Nags Head, NC Hosted by the UNC Coastal Studies Institute, 305 m long Jennette’s Pier provided a convenient venue for the initial sea trials of a 2.3 m wide by 1.7 m tall paddle. Deployment depth was 7.5 m at the end of the pier. (h/d = 0.23)
Jennette's Pier 100 sec. data sample 1,200
The PTO was the same as used at Ohmsett; rectified flow from a hydraulic vane pump metered through P a needle valve to determine PxV power. This was verified by torque x angular velocity calculations. Power levels to 2.3 kW were achieved.
Mechanical power (W)
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
Time (sec.)
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
12
These three test sequences provided the insight needed to design a commercial-scale SurgeWEC™ prototype • 5 m wide by 3.5 m high GRP paddle. • Hydraulic/electric PTO with a 5.6 kW (7.5 hp) nameplate capacity. • Six 38 liter (10 gal) hydraulic accumulators for both viscous and coulomb damping. • 5 m deployment depth. • Pier-side location to minimize umbilical cost and hydraulic losses. • Beach launch to enable cost effective launch and recovery. • Modularity for highway transport and on-site assembly. • Steel-frame base and precast concrete ballast.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
13
These three test sequences provided the insight needed to design a commercial-scale SurgeWEC™ prototype • 5 m wide by 3.5 m high GRP paddle • Hydraulic/electric PTO with a 5.6 kW (7.5 hp) nameplate capacity • Six 38 liter (10 gal) hydraulic accumulators for both viscous and coulomb damping. • 5 m deployment depth • Pier-side location to minimize umbilical cost and hydraulic losses • Beach launch to enable cost effective launch and recovery • Modularity for highway transport and on-site assembly • Steel-frame base and precast concrete ballast
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
14
SurgewWEC™, RME’s 17.5 m2 OWSC prototype 30” dia. buoyancy tube
12” dia. vertical tube 6” dia. hinge tube Hydraulic rectifier 16 HD trailer wheels/tires
Hydraulic vane pump
3 ton concrete ballast block
Total weight = 30,500 lbs
5.5m x 7m modular steel frame
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
15
5m x 3.5m Paddle • 3” thick GRP foam-core panel (Kenway) • 30”, 12” and 6” GRP tubes (Bittner Ind.) • Assembly and paint (Merrimac Marine) Final weight ~ 1,100 lbs Buoyancy from +600 lbs to +5,200 lbs
5.5 m x 7 m Frame • Main structure of 6” x 10” x 0.375” rectangular tubing • Total weight ~ 4,200 lbs
Fabrication by Wilson Welding of Salisbury, MA EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
16
US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) Duck, North Carolina NOAA tide gauge RME instrumentation hut
560 m (1840 ft) Pier
Deployment location AWAC location
LARC-5 amphibious vehicle
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
CRAB February 27, 2013
17
Accumulator Pack Six 10 gallon 3000 psi accumulators Inlet and outlet flow meters Motorized needle valve shunt
Motor/Generator SauerDanfoss variable displacement Marathon 1200 rpm 220V-3P generator
National Instruments DAQ/Labview • • • • • •
8 hydraulic pressure sensors 2 hydraulic flow meters Wave sensor array (4 UW pressure) Acoustic wave probe Paddle angle RPM & electrical output EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
18
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
19
Results of our SurgeWEC™ ocean trials at Duck, NC • • • • • • •
Successful demonstration of our deployment methods. Effectiveness of fully submerged paddle proven. The role of hydraulic accumulation determined. Instantaneous power absorption in excess of 25 kW. 30% power extraction efficiencies achieved. Clarified role of damping on extraction efficiency. Provided calibration for our numerical simulations.
With these results we can now predict device performance in any setting where dominant wave period and wave height are known.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
20
Jan. 20, 1023 Yakutat Wave Power FERC application approved
Yakutat
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
21
RME’s 25 sq. mi. study area request to FERC
Soundings in fathoms EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
22
The 10 mile stretch of Cannon Beach
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
23
Yakutat Power’s new generator building
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
24
Yakutat Wave Energy Project • • • • • • •
Individual devices with 50 kW nameplate rating. 10 to 15 devices arranged in a near-linear array. SurgeWEC pumps seawater to on-shore turbine/generator. Some power smoothing to match diesel ramp rate. Total 500 kW to 750 kW. System to operate as a diesel fuel saver. Excess power would be stored as heat for local school.
To be determined: • • • •
Device dimensions and anchoring methods. Deployment depth and distance from shore. Impact on sediment transport. Project cost.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
25
Yakutat Project Timeline July 2012 Jan 2013 June 2013 May 2014 Mar 2015 Dec 2015 May 2016 Oct 2016
Preliminary application to FERC Preliminary application approved – site priority Begin site evaluation and environmental studies Begin system design Submit FERV license application Begin fabrication Begin on-site construction System commissioning
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
26
Thank you for your attention. Any questions?
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
Cliff Goudey Senior Engineer Resolute Marine Energy
Innovations in Near-Shore Wave Energy Conversion Resolute Marine Energy, Inc. 3 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109 and 10 Mulliken Way, Newburyport, MA 01950
Clifford A. Goudey, Senior Engineer [email protected]
EBC Renewable Energy Program Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England February 27, 2013 Waltham, MA
Presentation outline • • • • • • • • •
Background on wave resources The principles of Oscillating Wave Surge Converters (OWSC) RME’s R&D on OWSC designs June 2010 tank tests of 0.21 m2 models at Alden Labs in Holden, MA June 2011 tank tests of a 2.4 to 4.9 m2 prototype at Ohmsett, NJ Dec. 2011 ocean tests of a 3.8 m2 prototype at Nags Head, NC Dec. 2012 ocean tests of a 17.5 m2 prototype at Duck, NC This SurgeWEC™ design The Yakutat Wave Power Project Much of this R&D was supported by the Department of Energy Water Power program through SBIR Phase 1 and Phase 2 awards.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
3
Wave energy expressed as kW/m
George Hagerman
Due to weather and Coriolis effect, and the resulting winds, wave energy is strongest on west coasts and towards the poles. EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
4
US Wave Energy Resources
Paasch. R. 2010. Wave Energy Opportunities and Developments
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
5
Seasonal variation of waves present challenges 70
Wave Power, kW/m
60
An eight-fold seasonal difference! What is your design condition?
50 40 30 20 10 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Months
8
9
10
11
12
Paasch. R. 2010. Wave Energy Opportunities and Developments
Wave data From National Data Buoy Center, Power estimated from five buoys off the Oregon coast over past 10 years)
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
6
The difference between deep and shallow-water waves
The energy of a wave becomes concentrated in shallow water and therefore more available to a wave energy converter. EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
7
Shallow-water wave energy converters Oscillating Wave Surge Converters (OWSC) have advantages compared to other WEC types • • • • • •
Shallow water (close to shore) Concentrated energy flux Sea surface can be avoided No aesthetic impact Benign to marine life (no entanglement, low velocity) Avoids extreme (and useless) waves AW-energy Wave Roller
Aquamarine Oyster
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
8
June 2010 tank tests at Alden Labs in Holden, MA
This SBIR Phase 1 laboratory-scale project examined of the role of paddle size and section shape on power generation. Tests of 17 shapes revealed the importance of optimum damping and paddle righting moments on power extraction.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
9
June 2011 prototype tests at MMS Ohmsett in Leonardo, NJ A 203 m long by 20 m wide by 3.4 m deep outdoor tank with 2.6 million gallons seawater able to generate regular waves and sea spectra up to 1 m. These experiments focused on the effects of paddle height vs. depth and the role of paddle buoyancy on performance at a water depth 2 m above the paddle hinge.
Paddle heights from 1.1 to 2.2 m were tested. An important goal was correlating these findings with a parallel numerical analysis focus. EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
10
Dec. 2011 ocean tests of a 3.8 m2 prototype at Nags Head, NC Hosted by the UNC Coastal Studies Institute, 305 m long Jennette’s Pier provided a convenient venue for the initial sea trials of a 2.3 m wide by 1.7 m tall paddle. Deployment depth was 7.5 m at the end of the pier. (h/d = 0.23)
Jennette's Pier 100 sec. data sample 1,200
Mechanical power (W)
1,000
800
600
400
200
0 300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
Time (sec.)
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
11
Dec. 2011 ocean tests of a 3.8 m2 prototype at Nags Head, NC Hosted by the UNC Coastal Studies Institute, 305 m long Jennette’s Pier provided a convenient venue for the initial sea trials of a 2.3 m wide by 1.7 m tall paddle. Deployment depth was 7.5 m at the end of the pier. (h/d = 0.23)
Jennette's Pier 100 sec. data sample 1,200
The PTO was the same as used at Ohmsett; rectified flow from a hydraulic vane pump metered through P a needle valve to determine PxV power. This was verified by torque x angular velocity calculations. Power levels to 2.3 kW were achieved.
Mechanical power (W)
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
Time (sec.)
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
12
These three test sequences provided the insight needed to design a commercial-scale SurgeWEC™ prototype • 5 m wide by 3.5 m high GRP paddle. • Hydraulic/electric PTO with a 5.6 kW (7.5 hp) nameplate capacity. • Six 38 liter (10 gal) hydraulic accumulators for both viscous and coulomb damping. • 5 m deployment depth. • Pier-side location to minimize umbilical cost and hydraulic losses. • Beach launch to enable cost effective launch and recovery. • Modularity for highway transport and on-site assembly. • Steel-frame base and precast concrete ballast.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
13
These three test sequences provided the insight needed to design a commercial-scale SurgeWEC™ prototype • 5 m wide by 3.5 m high GRP paddle • Hydraulic/electric PTO with a 5.6 kW (7.5 hp) nameplate capacity • Six 38 liter (10 gal) hydraulic accumulators for both viscous and coulomb damping. • 5 m deployment depth • Pier-side location to minimize umbilical cost and hydraulic losses • Beach launch to enable cost effective launch and recovery • Modularity for highway transport and on-site assembly • Steel-frame base and precast concrete ballast
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
14
SurgewWEC™, RME’s 17.5 m2 OWSC prototype 30” dia. buoyancy tube
12” dia. vertical tube 6” dia. hinge tube Hydraulic rectifier 16 HD trailer wheels/tires
Hydraulic vane pump
3 ton concrete ballast block
Total weight = 30,500 lbs
5.5m x 7m modular steel frame
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
15
5m x 3.5m Paddle • 3” thick GRP foam-core panel (Kenway) • 30”, 12” and 6” GRP tubes (Bittner Ind.) • Assembly and paint (Merrimac Marine) Final weight ~ 1,100 lbs Buoyancy from +600 lbs to +5,200 lbs
5.5 m x 7 m Frame • Main structure of 6” x 10” x 0.375” rectangular tubing • Total weight ~ 4,200 lbs
Fabrication by Wilson Welding of Salisbury, MA EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
16
US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) Duck, North Carolina NOAA tide gauge RME instrumentation hut
560 m (1840 ft) Pier
Deployment location AWAC location
LARC-5 amphibious vehicle
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
CRAB February 27, 2013
17
Accumulator Pack Six 10 gallon 3000 psi accumulators Inlet and outlet flow meters Motorized needle valve shunt
Motor/Generator SauerDanfoss variable displacement Marathon 1200 rpm 220V-3P generator
National Instruments DAQ/Labview • • • • • •
8 hydraulic pressure sensors 2 hydraulic flow meters Wave sensor array (4 UW pressure) Acoustic wave probe Paddle angle RPM & electrical output EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
18
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
19
Results of our SurgeWEC™ ocean trials at Duck, NC • • • • • • •
Successful demonstration of our deployment methods. Effectiveness of fully submerged paddle proven. The role of hydraulic accumulation determined. Instantaneous power absorption in excess of 25 kW. 30% power extraction efficiencies achieved. Clarified role of damping on extraction efficiency. Provided calibration for our numerical simulations.
With these results we can now predict device performance in any setting where dominant wave period and wave height are known.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
20
Jan. 20, 1023 Yakutat Wave Power FERC application approved
Yakutat
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
21
RME’s 25 sq. mi. study area request to FERC
Soundings in fathoms EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
22
The 10 mile stretch of Cannon Beach
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
23
Yakutat Power’s new generator building
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
24
Yakutat Wave Energy Project • • • • • • •
Individual devices with 50 kW nameplate rating. 10 to 15 devices arranged in a near-linear array. SurgeWEC pumps seawater to on-shore turbine/generator. Some power smoothing to match diesel ramp rate. Total 500 kW to 750 kW. System to operate as a diesel fuel saver. Excess power would be stored as heat for local school.
To be determined: • • • •
Device dimensions and anchoring methods. Deployment depth and distance from shore. Impact on sediment transport. Project cost.
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
25
Yakutat Project Timeline July 2012 Jan 2013 June 2013 May 2014 Mar 2015 Dec 2015 May 2016 Oct 2016
Preliminary application to FERC Preliminary application approved – site priority Begin site evaluation and environmental studies Begin system design Submit FERV license application Begin fabrication Begin on-site construction System commissioning
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
26
Thank you for your attention. Any questions?
EBC Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Development in New England Waltham, MA
February 27, 2013
