Company Presentation - EU-Japan Centre
Workshop on EU-Iceland-Japan Cooperation in Geothermal issues
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Thursday, 08 March 2012
Exploitation of geothermal sources with the ORC technology for power and heat generation
Case Study from the EU: the Sauerlach plant
Carlo Minini – Sales Manager Geothermal Dept Doc.12-COM.P-4-rev.0
Low temperature Geothermal Power Plants
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Water-dominated reservoirs are the most prevalent in the world, where water is kept liquid due to pressure ORC’s can produce electricity from geothermal resources with medium to low temperature, normally ranging between 90 C and 180 C
Distribution of Geothermal Energy in the world with respect to geothermal fluid temperature (source: Stefansson V., “World geothermal assessment”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005)
2
Binary Systems and Low Enthalpy Geothermal energy exploitation for electricity is heading towards more demanding applications: • Low temperature resources
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
• Scaling fluids • High gas content (to be reinjected)
Binary systems answer to these challenging issues Separated loops imply: • Clean working fluid in contact with turbine components • The geothermal fluid is confined and is fully reinjected
• Gases can be reinjected
Negligible environmental impact
• This keeps the well-head pressure
3
The Thermodynamic Principle: the ORC Cycle
TEMPERATURE
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Turbine
Generator
4
3
Evaporator 5
2 1
GEOFLUID CIRCUIT
Condenser
COOLING CIRCUIT
Preheater
Pump
HEAT The turbogenerator uses geothermal water to pre-heat and vaporize a suitable organic working fluid in the evaporator (2→3→4). The organic fluid vapor powers the turbine (4→5), which is directly coupled to the electric generator through an elastic coupling. The vapor is then condensed in the condenser, cooled by water or air (5→1). The organic fluid liquid is finally pumped (1→2) to pre-heater and evaporator, thus completing the sequence of operations in the closed-loop circuit.
4
Facts & Figures • 1912 in Larderello, Italy, a 250 kW “indirect cycle” plant was put into operation
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
• First geothermal binary plant in Kamchatka peninsula in 1967 • Today binary plants are the most widely used type of geothermal power plant: more than 230 units and 1200 MW of power, with average power rating per unit around 5 MW
(Source: Bertani R., “Geothermal Power Generation in the World”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010)
5
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Binary Plant Schematic
No standard heat/cooling sources → highly customized solutions
6
How an ORC unit looks like Electric generator
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
CondenserRecuperator
Preheater ORC turbine
Evaporator
Electric cubicles Feed Pump
1 MWel modular ORC unit
ORC heat input (geothermal brine) ORC heat output (thermal energy available) 7
Geothermal ORC Design: important issues
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
• Working fluid flammability: critical in urban areas & for insurance cost
• Cascade use / cogeneration: schemes, feasibility
• Cooling devices: vapor plume, makeup water, footprint, noise, cost
• Holistic optimization: resource utilization, thermodynamic cycle and plant $/kW optimum
8
ORC Design Considerations Working fluid selection is influenced by many factors
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Cost Enthalpy drop & flow rate
Pressure levels
Environmental friendliness Cooling system Heat input curve
OPTIMAL FLUID
Flammability changes from case to case
9
Combined Heat and Power
TEMPERATURE
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
The uses of geothermal energy cover a wide spectrum from lowtemperature, such as green houses heating and aquaculture, to hightemperature applications, including power generation 3
4
Electricity is regarded as the highest grade and most useful form of energy
5
Nonetheless selling the heat is remunerative, environmental friendly and is being incentivized (Heating Fund in France, incentives in UK, but no more Heat Bonus in the new EEWärmeG in Germany)
2 1
HEAT
Various schemes are possible: • in parallel (Altheim) • in series (cascade uses, New Mexico) • from the condensation heat
(classic cogeneration concept, LowBin)
The green area represents the available energy for electric power production 10
Case Study: Sauerlach 1/4 Plant type: Geothermal Combined Heat and Power Customer: SW//M - StadtWerke München
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
General Contractor Karl Lausser GmbH
Location: Sauerlach (München) 1 production well and 2 reinjection wells Depth in the 4000m range Existing district heating system
11
Case Study: Sauerlach 2/4 Scope Of Supply: Complete ORC incl. Cooling Device Commissioning: Q1 2012
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Cooling device: Air Cooled Condensers Working fluid: HFC (refrigerant, non flammable)
12
Case Study: Sauerlach 3/4 Cycle type: double pressure level Heat source: geothermal fluid at 140 C
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Flow rate: 110 l/s
13
Case Study: Sauerlach 4/4 Total electric power: 5100 kW (nominal ambient temp) Thermal power: 4 MW to the district heating
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
40.000 MWh/yr 36.000 t/yr CO2 equivalent
Data ‘Expected’
14
Enel Ipercritico Supercritical Cycle Under construction
Plant type: geothermal prototype with supercritical cycle Customer: Enel Green Power Location: Livorno, Italy
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Commissioning expected: Q1 2012 Heat source: hot water at 150 C nominal Cooling device: ‘dry & spray’ condenser Total electric power: 500 kWel
Working fluid: refrigerant (non flammable)
15
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Thank you for your kind attention!
Info: [email protected] [email protected]
16
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Back-up Slides
17
What we do
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Biomass
Geothermal
electricity heat
Solar
Waste-heat
Turboden designs and develops turbogenerators based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a technology for the combined generation of heat and electrical power from various renewable sources, particularly suitable for distributed generation.
standard units from 270 kW to 3 MW customized solutions up to 15 MW 18
19
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Advantages of Turboden ORC Turbogenerators
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Technical advantages
Operational advantages / results
• High cycle and turbine efficiency
Simplicity
• Low mechanical stress of the turbine due to the low peripheral speed
• simple start-stop procedures
• Low RPM of the turbine allowing the direct drive of the electric generator without reduction gear • No erosion of blades, thanks to the absence of moisture in the vapor nozzles
• automatic and continuous operation
Flexibility • partial load operation down to 10% of nominal power Reliability • low O&M requirements • very high availability
20
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Thursday, 08 March 2012
Exploitation of geothermal sources with the ORC technology for power and heat generation
Case Study from the EU: the Sauerlach plant
Carlo Minini – Sales Manager Geothermal Dept Doc.12-COM.P-4-rev.0
Low temperature Geothermal Power Plants
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Water-dominated reservoirs are the most prevalent in the world, where water is kept liquid due to pressure ORC’s can produce electricity from geothermal resources with medium to low temperature, normally ranging between 90 C and 180 C
Distribution of Geothermal Energy in the world with respect to geothermal fluid temperature (source: Stefansson V., “World geothermal assessment”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005)
2
Binary Systems and Low Enthalpy Geothermal energy exploitation for electricity is heading towards more demanding applications: • Low temperature resources
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
• Scaling fluids • High gas content (to be reinjected)
Binary systems answer to these challenging issues Separated loops imply: • Clean working fluid in contact with turbine components • The geothermal fluid is confined and is fully reinjected
• Gases can be reinjected
Negligible environmental impact
• This keeps the well-head pressure
3
The Thermodynamic Principle: the ORC Cycle
TEMPERATURE
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Turbine
Generator
4
3
Evaporator 5
2 1
GEOFLUID CIRCUIT
Condenser
COOLING CIRCUIT
Preheater
Pump
HEAT The turbogenerator uses geothermal water to pre-heat and vaporize a suitable organic working fluid in the evaporator (2→3→4). The organic fluid vapor powers the turbine (4→5), which is directly coupled to the electric generator through an elastic coupling. The vapor is then condensed in the condenser, cooled by water or air (5→1). The organic fluid liquid is finally pumped (1→2) to pre-heater and evaporator, thus completing the sequence of operations in the closed-loop circuit.
4
Facts & Figures • 1912 in Larderello, Italy, a 250 kW “indirect cycle” plant was put into operation
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
• First geothermal binary plant in Kamchatka peninsula in 1967 • Today binary plants are the most widely used type of geothermal power plant: more than 230 units and 1200 MW of power, with average power rating per unit around 5 MW
(Source: Bertani R., “Geothermal Power Generation in the World”, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010)
5
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Binary Plant Schematic
No standard heat/cooling sources → highly customized solutions
6
How an ORC unit looks like Electric generator
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
CondenserRecuperator
Preheater ORC turbine
Evaporator
Electric cubicles Feed Pump
1 MWel modular ORC unit
ORC heat input (geothermal brine) ORC heat output (thermal energy available) 7
Geothermal ORC Design: important issues
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
• Working fluid flammability: critical in urban areas & for insurance cost
• Cascade use / cogeneration: schemes, feasibility
• Cooling devices: vapor plume, makeup water, footprint, noise, cost
• Holistic optimization: resource utilization, thermodynamic cycle and plant $/kW optimum
8
ORC Design Considerations Working fluid selection is influenced by many factors
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Cost Enthalpy drop & flow rate
Pressure levels
Environmental friendliness Cooling system Heat input curve
OPTIMAL FLUID
Flammability changes from case to case
9
Combined Heat and Power
TEMPERATURE
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
The uses of geothermal energy cover a wide spectrum from lowtemperature, such as green houses heating and aquaculture, to hightemperature applications, including power generation 3
4
Electricity is regarded as the highest grade and most useful form of energy
5
Nonetheless selling the heat is remunerative, environmental friendly and is being incentivized (Heating Fund in France, incentives in UK, but no more Heat Bonus in the new EEWärmeG in Germany)
2 1
HEAT
Various schemes are possible: • in parallel (Altheim) • in series (cascade uses, New Mexico) • from the condensation heat
(classic cogeneration concept, LowBin)
The green area represents the available energy for electric power production 10
Case Study: Sauerlach 1/4 Plant type: Geothermal Combined Heat and Power Customer: SW//M - StadtWerke München
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
General Contractor Karl Lausser GmbH
Location: Sauerlach (München) 1 production well and 2 reinjection wells Depth in the 4000m range Existing district heating system
11
Case Study: Sauerlach 2/4 Scope Of Supply: Complete ORC incl. Cooling Device Commissioning: Q1 2012
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Cooling device: Air Cooled Condensers Working fluid: HFC (refrigerant, non flammable)
12
Case Study: Sauerlach 3/4 Cycle type: double pressure level Heat source: geothermal fluid at 140 C
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Flow rate: 110 l/s
13
Case Study: Sauerlach 4/4 Total electric power: 5100 kW (nominal ambient temp) Thermal power: 4 MW to the district heating
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
40.000 MWh/yr 36.000 t/yr CO2 equivalent
Data ‘Expected’
14
Enel Ipercritico Supercritical Cycle Under construction
Plant type: geothermal prototype with supercritical cycle Customer: Enel Green Power Location: Livorno, Italy
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Commissioning expected: Q1 2012 Heat source: hot water at 150 C nominal Cooling device: ‘dry & spray’ condenser Total electric power: 500 kWel
Working fluid: refrigerant (non flammable)
15
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Thank you for your kind attention!
Info: [email protected] [email protected]
16
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Back-up Slides
17
What we do
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Biomass
Geothermal
electricity heat
Solar
Waste-heat
Turboden designs and develops turbogenerators based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a technology for the combined generation of heat and electrical power from various renewable sources, particularly suitable for distributed generation.
standard units from 270 kW to 3 MW customized solutions up to 15 MW 18
19
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Advantages of Turboden ORC Turbogenerators
Copyright © – Turboden S.r.l. All rights reserved
Technical advantages
Operational advantages / results
• High cycle and turbine efficiency
Simplicity
• Low mechanical stress of the turbine due to the low peripheral speed
• simple start-stop procedures
• Low RPM of the turbine allowing the direct drive of the electric generator without reduction gear • No erosion of blades, thanks to the absence of moisture in the vapor nozzles
• automatic and continuous operation
Flexibility • partial load operation down to 10% of nominal power Reliability • low O&M requirements • very high availability
20
