12855
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It arises in three dis,nct sets of fibers Anterior fibers ¡
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Middle fibers ¡
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from the lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion
Posterior fibers ¡
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from the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle.
from the lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula, as far back as the triangular surface at its medial end.
Inserted into the V-‐shaped deltoid tuberosity on the middle of the lateral aspect of the shaB of the humerus
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All fibers: Abduct the shoulder Anterior Fibers: ¡ ¡ ¡
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Flex the shoulder Medially rotate the shoulder Horizontally adduct the shoulder
Posterior Fibers: ¡ ¡ ¡
Extend the shoulder Laterally rotate the shoulder Horizontally abduct the shoulder
Upper Division of Trapezius
• Origin:
• external occipital protuberance • medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line • ligamentum nuchae • spinous process of 7th cervical vert
• Inser5on:
• lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion process or superior border of scapulae
• Ac5on:
• rota,on of scapula so glenoid cavity faces superior • other sec,ons of trapezius it adducts scapula • reversed origin inser,on ac,on
• Movement:
• Eleva,on of the Scapula • Extension of the Spine (Cervical) • Extension, Lateral Flexion & Rota,on of the Neck (Atlantoccipital & Antlantoaxial)
Middle Division of Trapezius: • Origin:
• Spinous process of 1st -‐ 5th thoracic vertebrae
• Inser5on:
• superior border of spine of scapula
• Movement:
• Adduc,on, Eleva,on, Upward Rota,on of the Scapula.
Lower Division of Trapezius:
• Origin
• spinous process of 6th to 12th thoracic vertebrae
• Inser5on
• medial 1/3 of spine of the scapula
• Movement:
• Adduc,on, Depression & Upper Rota,on of the Scapula • Extension of the Spine (Thoracic)
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Upper Fibers Bilaterally ¡
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Upper Fibers Unilaterally: ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
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Laterally Flex the head and neck to same side Rotate head and neck to opposite side Elevate the scapula Upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle Fibers ¡
¨
Extend the head and neck
Adduct and Stabilize the scapula
Lower Fibers ¡
Depress and Upwardly Rotate the scapula
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Origin: Spinous processes of thoracic T-‐7-‐T-‐12, Lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs, and inferior angle of scapula Inser,on: Intertubercular groove of the humerus. To do this it spirals around teres major Ac,on – Adducts, medially rotates, extends arm
Is a thick, flat muscle on the dorsal surface of the inferior scapular Originates on the boDom lateral edge of the scapula ADaches to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus ADDUCTION: The Teres Major acts to adduct, pulling inward and medially rota5ng the humerus, extending the shoulder joint.
10/12/14
8
¨ ¨ ¨
Extend the shoulder Adduct the shoulder Medially rotate the shoulder
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Four muscles ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
¨
Supraspinatus Origin ¡
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Supraspinous fossa of scapula
¡
Inser,on ¡
¨
¨
Greater tubercle of humerus
¡ ¨
¡
Abduc,on Stabilizes shoulder against downward force
¡ ¨
Posterior surface of scapula Inferior angle
Inser,on ¡
Func,on ¡
Teres Minor Origin
Intertubercular groove Same tendon as la,ssimus dorsi
Func,on ¡
Adduc,on
¨
Infraspinatus Origin ¡
¨
Greater tubercle of humerus
Func,on ¡
¡ ¨
Inser,on ¡
¨
Infraspinious fossa of scapula
¨
Lateral rota,on
Subscapularis Origin Inser,on ¡
¨
Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle of humerus
Func,on ¡
Medial rota,on
Rhomboids (Major and Minor)
• Origin: • ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 and T1 • Inser,on: • medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of scapula; • Ac,on: • adducts and aids eleva,on of scapula
• Origin -‐ the transverse processes
of the atlas and axis, and from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae. • Inser,on -‐ into the vertebral border of the scapula, between the medial angle and the triangular smooth surface at the root of the spine.
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Elevate the scapula Downwardly rotate the scapula Laterally Flex the head and neck Rotate the head and neck
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Origin: upper eight or nine ribs Inser,on: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
Acts to hold the scapula to the body
Orgins: Front surface of clavical on sternal half Sternum, ribs 2-‐6 Inser5ons: crest of intertuberculur groove of Lateral humerus, under front edge of the deltoid muscles
¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
Adduct the shoulder Medially rotate the shoulder Elevate thorax during forced inhala,on Upper Fibers ¡ ¡
¨
Flex the shoulder Horizontally adduct the shoulder
Lower Fibers ¡
Extend the shoulder
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Originates on the outer surfaces of the third, fourth, and fiBh ribs The fibers pass superior and lateral and insert to form a flat tendon Inserted into the medial border of the coracoid process of the scapula. Ac,ons: depress scapula, abduct scapula, downwardly rotate scapula
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Made up of two heads. Short head originates on the coracoid process of scapula. Long head originates on the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Both insert on the radial tuberosity
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Flex the elbow Supinate the forearm Flex the shoulder
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Lateral head ¡
Origin ú ShaB of humerus
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Medial head ¡
Origin ú Posterior shaB of humerus
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Long head ¡
Origin ú Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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Collec,vely inserts ¡
Common tendon into olecranon process of ulna
¨
All heads: ¡
¨
Extend the elbow
Long Head ¡ ¡
Extend the shoulder Adduct the shoulder
POINT OF ORIGIN Middle anterior por,on of the Humerus INSERTION POINT Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the Ulna MAIN FUNCTION Flexes elbow in the Sagifal and Frontal plane. Lies deep to the biceps brachii on the anterior arm.
Orgin-‐ lateral supra condyle ridge of the humerus Inser,on: styloid process of the radius Acts to flex the forearm at the elbow also capable of both prona,on and supina,on depending on the posi,on of the forearm
Extensor carpi muscles – the group acts to extend the wrist ¡ Longus -‐ Originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. Inserts into the dorsal surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone on its radial side ¡ Brevis -‐ Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus Inserts at the base of the 3rd metacarpal ¡ Ulnaris – O – lateral epicondyle of humerus I-‐ Base of fiBh metacarpal ¡ Digitorum – O-‐ lateral epicondyle of humerus. I – Base of middle and distal phalanges of second – fiBh fingers
Flexor carpi radialus -‐ acts to flex and abduct the hand. • Originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus • Inserts on the anterior aspect of the base of the 3rd metacarpal Flexor carpi ulnaris -‐ acts to flex and adduct the hand. ¡ ¡ ¡
humeral head arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus ulnar head arises from the medial margin of the olecranon of the ulna Its inser,on is into the pisiform bone and then via ligaments into the hamate bone and 5th metacarpal bone
Origin -‐ medial epicondyle of humerus Inser,on -‐ flexor re,naculum and palmar aponeuros Muscle por,on is oBen missing in many people or the muscle is small while the tendon is s,ll present.
Found along the posterior torso, deep muscles Consists of three heads: ¨
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Iliocastalis: Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis Longissimus: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capi,s Spinalis: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capi,s
Origins: ¨ Iliocastalis: Lower por,on of the sacrum, iliac crest, posterior ribs ¨ Longissimus: Transverse processes of sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, and thoracic vertebrae ¨ Spinalis: transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and posterior neck ligaments (ligamentum nuchae)
Inser,on: ¨ Iliocastalis: posterior ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae ¨ Longissimus: transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae, mastoid process ¨ Spinalis: spinous processes of cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae and occipital bone of skull
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Deepest muscle of the abdomen. O – Posterior Iliac Crest I-‐ Last rib and transverse process of 1-‐4 lumbar vertebrae
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Long and flat muscle that crosses three tendinous intersec,ons called the linae transversae Originates at the pubic bone, runs up the abdomen on either side of the linea alba Insert into the car,lages of the fiBh, sixth, and seventh ribs.
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Origin: ¡ ¡
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Arranged in an oblique line which runs inferiorly and posteriorly Inser,on: ¡ ¡
External – from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the fiBh to twelBh ribs. Internal – Anterior 3rd of the middle line of the illiac crest
External – Linea alba, inguinal ligament and anterior half of the iliac crest Internal – Inferior border of the 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs crest of the pubis and linea alba
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Is a flat triangular muscle with its fibers running horizontally It originates from Poupart's ligament, the inner lip of the ilium, the lumbar fascia and the inner surface of the car,lages of the six lower ribs. It inserts into the linea alba behind the rectus abdominis.
Sternal and clavicular heads of the muscle
Found on either side of the neck, has two heads of origin ¨ Origin: Two heads at orgin: one is sternal head at the manubrium and second clavicular head of medial third of clavicle ¨ Inser,on lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border and the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone ¨
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Part of the deep cervical muscles Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fiBh and sixth cervical vertebrae Inser,on: Base part of the occipital bone
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The superior originates from the transverse processes of C1-‐C5, ascending obliquely with a medial inclina,on It inserts by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas The inferior originates at T2 ascending obliquely in a lateral direc,on Inserted into the transverse processes of C5 and C6 The ver/cal por/on originates below from the front of the bodies of the T1-‐T3 and C5-‐C7 Inserted into the front of the bodies of the C2-‐C4
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Origin -‐ subcutaneous ,ssue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions Inser,on -‐ base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
Scalenus anterior • Scalenus medius • Scalenus posterior • Scalenus minimus which is absent in many people. • Located deep to the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. • Origins-‐ cervical vertebrae (CII-‐CVII) • Inser,ons-‐ anteriolaterally on the first two ribs. • Ac,ons: eleva,on of 1st and 2nd ribs • Neck flexion and rota,on • Movement is in frontal and transverse planes •
It arises in three dis,nct sets of fibers Anterior fibers ¡
¨
Middle fibers ¡
¨
from the lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion
Posterior fibers ¡
¨
from the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle.
from the lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula, as far back as the triangular surface at its medial end.
Inserted into the V-‐shaped deltoid tuberosity on the middle of the lateral aspect of the shaB of the humerus
¨ ¨
All fibers: Abduct the shoulder Anterior Fibers: ¡ ¡ ¡
¨
Flex the shoulder Medially rotate the shoulder Horizontally adduct the shoulder
Posterior Fibers: ¡ ¡ ¡
Extend the shoulder Laterally rotate the shoulder Horizontally abduct the shoulder
Upper Division of Trapezius
• Origin:
• external occipital protuberance • medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line • ligamentum nuchae • spinous process of 7th cervical vert
• Inser5on:
• lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion process or superior border of scapulae
• Ac5on:
• rota,on of scapula so glenoid cavity faces superior • other sec,ons of trapezius it adducts scapula • reversed origin inser,on ac,on
• Movement:
• Eleva,on of the Scapula • Extension of the Spine (Cervical) • Extension, Lateral Flexion & Rota,on of the Neck (Atlantoccipital & Antlantoaxial)
Middle Division of Trapezius: • Origin:
• Spinous process of 1st -‐ 5th thoracic vertebrae
• Inser5on:
• superior border of spine of scapula
• Movement:
• Adduc,on, Eleva,on, Upward Rota,on of the Scapula.
Lower Division of Trapezius:
• Origin
• spinous process of 6th to 12th thoracic vertebrae
• Inser5on
• medial 1/3 of spine of the scapula
• Movement:
• Adduc,on, Depression & Upper Rota,on of the Scapula • Extension of the Spine (Thoracic)
¨
Upper Fibers Bilaterally ¡
¨
Upper Fibers Unilaterally: ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
¨
Laterally Flex the head and neck to same side Rotate head and neck to opposite side Elevate the scapula Upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle Fibers ¡
¨
Extend the head and neck
Adduct and Stabilize the scapula
Lower Fibers ¡
Depress and Upwardly Rotate the scapula
¨
¨
¨
Origin: Spinous processes of thoracic T-‐7-‐T-‐12, Lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs, and inferior angle of scapula Inser,on: Intertubercular groove of the humerus. To do this it spirals around teres major Ac,on – Adducts, medially rotates, extends arm
Is a thick, flat muscle on the dorsal surface of the inferior scapular Originates on the boDom lateral edge of the scapula ADaches to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus ADDUCTION: The Teres Major acts to adduct, pulling inward and medially rota5ng the humerus, extending the shoulder joint.
10/12/14
8
¨ ¨ ¨
Extend the shoulder Adduct the shoulder Medially rotate the shoulder
¨
Four muscles ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
¨
Supraspinatus Origin ¡
¨
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
¡
Inser,on ¡
¨
¨
Greater tubercle of humerus
¡ ¨
¡
Abduc,on Stabilizes shoulder against downward force
¡ ¨
Posterior surface of scapula Inferior angle
Inser,on ¡
Func,on ¡
Teres Minor Origin
Intertubercular groove Same tendon as la,ssimus dorsi
Func,on ¡
Adduc,on
¨
Infraspinatus Origin ¡
¨
Greater tubercle of humerus
Func,on ¡
¡ ¨
Inser,on ¡
¨
Infraspinious fossa of scapula
¨
Lateral rota,on
Subscapularis Origin Inser,on ¡
¨
Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle of humerus
Func,on ¡
Medial rota,on
Rhomboids (Major and Minor)
• Origin: • ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 and T1 • Inser,on: • medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of scapula; • Ac,on: • adducts and aids eleva,on of scapula
• Origin -‐ the transverse processes
of the atlas and axis, and from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae. • Inser,on -‐ into the vertebral border of the scapula, between the medial angle and the triangular smooth surface at the root of the spine.
¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
Elevate the scapula Downwardly rotate the scapula Laterally Flex the head and neck Rotate the head and neck
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¨
Origin: upper eight or nine ribs Inser,on: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
Acts to hold the scapula to the body
Orgins: Front surface of clavical on sternal half Sternum, ribs 2-‐6 Inser5ons: crest of intertuberculur groove of Lateral humerus, under front edge of the deltoid muscles
¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
Adduct the shoulder Medially rotate the shoulder Elevate thorax during forced inhala,on Upper Fibers ¡ ¡
¨
Flex the shoulder Horizontally adduct the shoulder
Lower Fibers ¡
Extend the shoulder
¨
¨
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¨
Originates on the outer surfaces of the third, fourth, and fiBh ribs The fibers pass superior and lateral and insert to form a flat tendon Inserted into the medial border of the coracoid process of the scapula. Ac,ons: depress scapula, abduct scapula, downwardly rotate scapula
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Made up of two heads. Short head originates on the coracoid process of scapula. Long head originates on the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Both insert on the radial tuberosity
¨ ¨ ¨
Flex the elbow Supinate the forearm Flex the shoulder
¨
Lateral head ¡
Origin ú ShaB of humerus
¨
Medial head ¡
Origin ú Posterior shaB of humerus
¨
Long head ¡
Origin ú Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
¨
Collec,vely inserts ¡
Common tendon into olecranon process of ulna
¨
All heads: ¡
¨
Extend the elbow
Long Head ¡ ¡
Extend the shoulder Adduct the shoulder
POINT OF ORIGIN Middle anterior por,on of the Humerus INSERTION POINT Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the Ulna MAIN FUNCTION Flexes elbow in the Sagifal and Frontal plane. Lies deep to the biceps brachii on the anterior arm.
Orgin-‐ lateral supra condyle ridge of the humerus Inser,on: styloid process of the radius Acts to flex the forearm at the elbow also capable of both prona,on and supina,on depending on the posi,on of the forearm
Extensor carpi muscles – the group acts to extend the wrist ¡ Longus -‐ Originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. Inserts into the dorsal surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone on its radial side ¡ Brevis -‐ Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus Inserts at the base of the 3rd metacarpal ¡ Ulnaris – O – lateral epicondyle of humerus I-‐ Base of fiBh metacarpal ¡ Digitorum – O-‐ lateral epicondyle of humerus. I – Base of middle and distal phalanges of second – fiBh fingers
Flexor carpi radialus -‐ acts to flex and abduct the hand. • Originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus • Inserts on the anterior aspect of the base of the 3rd metacarpal Flexor carpi ulnaris -‐ acts to flex and adduct the hand. ¡ ¡ ¡
humeral head arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus ulnar head arises from the medial margin of the olecranon of the ulna Its inser,on is into the pisiform bone and then via ligaments into the hamate bone and 5th metacarpal bone
Origin -‐ medial epicondyle of humerus Inser,on -‐ flexor re,naculum and palmar aponeuros Muscle por,on is oBen missing in many people or the muscle is small while the tendon is s,ll present.
Found along the posterior torso, deep muscles Consists of three heads: ¨
¨
¨
Iliocastalis: Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis Longissimus: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capi,s Spinalis: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capi,s
Origins: ¨ Iliocastalis: Lower por,on of the sacrum, iliac crest, posterior ribs ¨ Longissimus: Transverse processes of sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, and thoracic vertebrae ¨ Spinalis: transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and posterior neck ligaments (ligamentum nuchae)
Inser,on: ¨ Iliocastalis: posterior ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae ¨ Longissimus: transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae, mastoid process ¨ Spinalis: spinous processes of cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae and occipital bone of skull
¨ ¨ ¨
Deepest muscle of the abdomen. O – Posterior Iliac Crest I-‐ Last rib and transverse process of 1-‐4 lumbar vertebrae
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Long and flat muscle that crosses three tendinous intersec,ons called the linae transversae Originates at the pubic bone, runs up the abdomen on either side of the linea alba Insert into the car,lages of the fiBh, sixth, and seventh ribs.
¨
Origin: ¡ ¡
¨
¨
Arranged in an oblique line which runs inferiorly and posteriorly Inser,on: ¡ ¡
External – from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the fiBh to twelBh ribs. Internal – Anterior 3rd of the middle line of the illiac crest
External – Linea alba, inguinal ligament and anterior half of the iliac crest Internal – Inferior border of the 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs crest of the pubis and linea alba
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Is a flat triangular muscle with its fibers running horizontally It originates from Poupart's ligament, the inner lip of the ilium, the lumbar fascia and the inner surface of the car,lages of the six lower ribs. It inserts into the linea alba behind the rectus abdominis.
Sternal and clavicular heads of the muscle
Found on either side of the neck, has two heads of origin ¨ Origin: Two heads at orgin: one is sternal head at the manubrium and second clavicular head of medial third of clavicle ¨ Inser,on lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border and the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone ¨
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Part of the deep cervical muscles Origin: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fiBh and sixth cervical vertebrae Inser,on: Base part of the occipital bone
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¨
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The superior originates from the transverse processes of C1-‐C5, ascending obliquely with a medial inclina,on It inserts by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas The inferior originates at T2 ascending obliquely in a lateral direc,on Inserted into the transverse processes of C5 and C6 The ver/cal por/on originates below from the front of the bodies of the T1-‐T3 and C5-‐C7 Inserted into the front of the bodies of the C2-‐C4
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Origin -‐ subcutaneous ,ssue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions Inser,on -‐ base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
Scalenus anterior • Scalenus medius • Scalenus posterior • Scalenus minimus which is absent in many people. • Located deep to the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. • Origins-‐ cervical vertebrae (CII-‐CVII) • Inser,ons-‐ anteriolaterally on the first two ribs. • Ac,ons: eleva,on of 1st and 2nd ribs • Neck flexion and rota,on • Movement is in frontal and transverse planes •
