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General Principles: These are the baseline, normative rules for interpretation evangelicals will agree on.
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Evangelicals believe: Scripture is Inspired by God 2 Tim 3:16 2 Sam 23:2 Mark 12:24 Scripture will interpret itself Is. 7:14 (cf. Matt. 1:23) Jonah 1:17 (cf. Matt. 12:39-42) Experiences will be understood in light of Scripture Luke 24:13-32 God’s word will accomplish what He sets out to do Is. 55:11 This means the Bible is the final authority. Matt 7:29 John 7:17
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Secondary sources help us in areas we don’t understand. Tradition: Roman Catholicism elevates tradition to the level of Scripture in determining validity. Peter is the stone on which the church is built, therefore, since his confession was inspired, so is his succession. Also, Mary’s status as intercessor, and semper virgo are ideas coming from ecclesiastical tradition. Rationalism came out of the liberal and modernist thought. It argues that the mind is capable of determining what is reasonable. If it isn’t reasonable, the concept is false (eg. Virgin birth, eternal damnation). Scripture: Evangelicals believe that the Bible IS the sole authority, and tradition and logic have a place in our understanding. While each of the three camps agree that the others are important, it’s the prominence/emphasis placed on one over the other two.
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11/24/16 7:30 AM
Grammatical Principles: - Read literally according to the genre; poetry in light of poetic art/themes; narratives as story telling, etc. - In the same way words have specific meaning to us, so they did in the times of the Biblical authors. Stay true to the original meaning of words. Some authors use specific word themes; study what it means to the author (John, love=71). Understand terms in the narrow context of the passage/book, but also in the broader context of Scripture - Discerning figurative language may be tough, but it’s usually hard in prophetic language. (Song 6:4-7, description of the Shulamite; John 10:7-9, I Am the door; 15:12, I Am the vine; Luke 22:14-22, Last Supper; 9:18-20, Peter’s confession) - Prophets are tough…understand the prophecy in it’s literal/historical context unless there is clear evidence to see another meaning, or to read as figurative.
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11/24/16 7:30 AM
Historical Principles: - Author’s had events that shaped their worldview. God used those events to communicate a clear message (Dan 2:21; Ps 75:6-8; 1 Sam 13:16-17, Philistine raiders; 2 Chron 32, Assyrian invasion). Why the captivity (2 Chron. 36:14, 20-21) - Change your thinking on the OT/NT. It’s one Bible, same story; one predicts, one fulfills - Historical event, spiritualized: Moses and the bronze snake/staff, Num 21:9, cf. John 3:14; Jesus and Jonah, Jonah 12:38-45, cf. Jonah 1:17; Sarah and Hagar, Gal 4:21-31, cf. Gen. 21:10
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11/24/16 7:30 AM
Theological Principles: - If the student does not understand the language or the historical context, theological errors will develop. Eg. The “Son of God” does not mean created, it means equal part, closely related as if by ties of sonship, and sent from (begotten). “Son of Man” is a title from Dan 7:13. This is an issue with cults like Mormons, Jehovah’s Witness, and Islam - Theological Contradictions: God knows the hearts of men (Acts 1:24; Ps 139:2-3); God does not know the hearts of men (Deut 8:2; Gen 22:12); Jesus is fully man (John 1:14) and is fully God (John 1:1-2)
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11/24/16 7:30 AM
Theological Principles: Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormon’s will approach this conflict by saying Jesus must be created since He can’t be both. This is an argument that began in the mid 3rd century with Arius, a presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt. In 325 at the Council of Nicaea, Arianism was condemned as heresy and the Nicene Creed was developed in response.
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11/24/16 7:30 AM
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11/24/16 8:03 AM
3
11/24/16 7:30 AM
General Principles: These are the baseline, normative rules for interpretation evangelicals will agree on.
4
11/24/16 7:30 AM
Evangelicals believe: Scripture is Inspired by God 2 Tim 3:16 2 Sam 23:2 Mark 12:24 Scripture will interpret itself Is. 7:14 (cf. Matt. 1:23) Jonah 1:17 (cf. Matt. 12:39-42) Experiences will be understood in light of Scripture Luke 24:13-32 God’s word will accomplish what He sets out to do Is. 55:11 This means the Bible is the final authority. Matt 7:29 John 7:17
5
11/24/16 7:30 AM
Secondary sources help us in areas we don’t understand. Tradition: Roman Catholicism elevates tradition to the level of Scripture in determining validity. Peter is the stone on which the church is built, therefore, since his confession was inspired, so is his succession. Also, Mary’s status as intercessor, and semper virgo are ideas coming from ecclesiastical tradition. Rationalism came out of the liberal and modernist thought. It argues that the mind is capable of determining what is reasonable. If it isn’t reasonable, the concept is false (eg. Virgin birth, eternal damnation). Scripture: Evangelicals believe that the Bible IS the sole authority, and tradition and logic have a place in our understanding. While each of the three camps agree that the others are important, it’s the prominence/emphasis placed on one over the other two.
6
11/24/16 7:30 AM
Grammatical Principles: - Read literally according to the genre; poetry in light of poetic art/themes; narratives as story telling, etc. - In the same way words have specific meaning to us, so they did in the times of the Biblical authors. Stay true to the original meaning of words. Some authors use specific word themes; study what it means to the author (John, love=71). Understand terms in the narrow context of the passage/book, but also in the broader context of Scripture - Discerning figurative language may be tough, but it’s usually hard in prophetic language. (Song 6:4-7, description of the Shulamite; John 10:7-9, I Am the door; 15:12, I Am the vine; Luke 22:14-22, Last Supper; 9:18-20, Peter’s confession) - Prophets are tough…understand the prophecy in it’s literal/historical context unless there is clear evidence to see another meaning, or to read as figurative.
7
11/24/16 7:30 AM
Historical Principles: - Author’s had events that shaped their worldview. God used those events to communicate a clear message (Dan 2:21; Ps 75:6-8; 1 Sam 13:16-17, Philistine raiders; 2 Chron 32, Assyrian invasion). Why the captivity (2 Chron. 36:14, 20-21) - Change your thinking on the OT/NT. It’s one Bible, same story; one predicts, one fulfills - Historical event, spiritualized: Moses and the bronze snake/staff, Num 21:9, cf. John 3:14; Jesus and Jonah, Jonah 12:38-45, cf. Jonah 1:17; Sarah and Hagar, Gal 4:21-31, cf. Gen. 21:10
8
11/24/16 7:30 AM
Theological Principles: - If the student does not understand the language or the historical context, theological errors will develop. Eg. The “Son of God” does not mean created, it means equal part, closely related as if by ties of sonship, and sent from (begotten). “Son of Man” is a title from Dan 7:13. This is an issue with cults like Mormons, Jehovah’s Witness, and Islam - Theological Contradictions: God knows the hearts of men (Acts 1:24; Ps 139:2-3); God does not know the hearts of men (Deut 8:2; Gen 22:12); Jesus is fully man (John 1:14) and is fully God (John 1:1-2)
9
11/24/16 7:30 AM
Theological Principles: Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormon’s will approach this conflict by saying Jesus must be created since He can’t be both. This is an argument that began in the mid 3rd century with Arius, a presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt. In 325 at the Council of Nicaea, Arianism was condemned as heresy and the Nicene Creed was developed in response.
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