ANSWER KEY
6th Grade Science Semester 1 Exam Review
ANSWER KEY Lab Safety Goggles are required during experiments using what three things? HEAT, CHEMICALS, GLASSWARE What should be done when an accident occurs during an experiment? TELL THE TEACHER IMMEDIATELY What items should be brought to the lab table during an investigation? ONLY A PENCIL, LABSHEET, AND ISN Lab Tools/Measurement Define MATTER- ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE (VOLUME) MASS- THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT VOLUME- THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT TAKES UP DENSITY- THE MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF MASS CONTAINED IN AN A GIVEN VOLUME What is another name for the metric system? SI SYSTEM (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL) Name what the following tools measure: REMEMBER THE PNEUMONIC DEVICE FOR THE METRIC SYSTEM: KHDUDCM (U IS THE UNIT) METRIC RULER- USED TO MEASURE LENGTH. THE UNIT IS A METER (IN LAB WE COMMONLY USE METERS, CENTIMETERS, OR MILLIMETERS). IT’S ALSO USED TO MEASURE THE SIDES OF RECTANGULAR PRISMS (REMEMBER A CUBE IS A RECTANGULAR PRISM) TO CALCULATE THEIR VOLUME (LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT). TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE- USED TO MEASURE THE MASS OF AN OBJECT. THE UNIT IS A GRAM. GRADUATED CYLINDER- USED TO MEASURE THE VOLUME OF A LIQUID. THE UNIT IS A LITER (WE COMMONLY USE MILLILITERS IN LAB). IT’S ALSO USED TO FIND THE VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID, LIKE A PEBBLE (WATER DISPLACEMENT: ENDING VOLUME MINUS BEGINNING VOLUME) SPRING SCALE- USED TO MEASURE THE WEIGHT (OR FORCE) OF AN OBJECT. THE UNIT CAN BE NEWTONS (FORCE) OR GRAMS (MASS). THERMOMETER- USED TO MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE OF A SUBSTANCE. OC
What is the mass displayed on the triple beam balance below?
187.1 GRAMS
What is the volume displayed on the graduated cylinder below?
18 MILLILITERS
mL
What is the volume of the rectangular prism below? Remember the formula for volume: V = L x W x H 12 cm 144 cm 3
4 cm 3cm What is the density of water?
1 g/ml (Remember the formula for density: D = M/V)
What happens to objects with a density greater than 1? THEY SINK IN WATER What happens to objects with a density less than 1?
THEY FLOAT IN WATER
What happens when an object has a greater mass than volume?
THEY SINK IN WATER
What happens when an object has a greater volume than mass?
THEY FLOAT IN WATER
Experimental Design List the 6 steps of the scientific method in order: 1.
PROBLEM/QUESTION
4.
EXPERIMENT
2.
RESEARCH
5.
ANALYZE DATA
3.
HYPOTHESIS
6.
CONCLUSION
Define MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- THE VARIABLE THAT IS CHANGED ON PURPOSE DURING THE EXPERIMENT (THE VARIABLE YOU ARE TESTING). THERE IS ONLY ONE MANIPULATED VARIABLE IN EACH EXPERIMENT. HINT: MANIPULATED MEANS… CHANGED BY MAN. RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- THE VARIABLE THAT RESPONDS OR CHANGES BECAUSE OF THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE. HINT: IT IS WHAT YOU MEASURE DURING THE EXPERIMENT. CONTROLLED VARIABLE- THE VARIABLES THAT NEED TO BE THE SAME FOR EACH TEST GROUP DURING AN EXPERIMENT TO KEEP THE EXPERIMENT “FAIR” OR VALID. Which type of variable can you have more than one of? CONTROLLED VARIABLES What does DRY MIX stand for? DEPENDENT/RESPONDING VARIABLE IS GRAPHED ON THE Y AXIS MANIPULATED/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS GRAPHED ON THE X AXIS Read the following passage and identify the variables. Claire wanted to know if feeding peanuts to hamsters made them gain weight compared to their normal hamster food. She weighed both of her hamsters before the experiment and found that they both weighed 30 grams. Claire fed her black hamster 1 tablespoon of chopped peanuts each day, while feeding her white hamster I tablespoon of regular hamster food each day. Claire performed the experiment for one month and weighed the hamsters every seven days. MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- TYPE OF FOOD RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- WEIGHT OF HAMSTERS CONTROLLED VARIABLE- SAME AMOUNT OF FOOD, FED BOTH EACH DAY, BOTH WEIGHED EVERY SEVEN DAYS Which type of graph would be best to show the weight change that occurred during the month?
LINE
REMEMBER: LINE GRAPHS SHOW CHANGE OVER TIME, PIE GRAPHS SHOW PERCENTAGES, BAR GRAPHS ARE USED FOR COMPARISIONS
Boys and Girls Favorite Pizza Toppings GENDER
TYPE OF PIZZA
PEPPERONI
EXTRA CHEESE
HAM
BLACK OLIVES
MUSHROOMS
Boys
Thin crust
45
30
15
5
5
Girls
Thin crust
30
30
20
10
10
Identify the variables from the data above. MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- FAVORITE TOPPING RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- STUDENT RESPONSES (BOYS AND GIRLS) CONTROLLED VARIABLE- TYPE OF PIZZA CRUST (THIN) Use the data in the table to make a graph. Remember to include a title, X-axis label, Y-axis label, and legend if appropriate. Boys and Girls Favorite Topping
Elements/Compounds Define ELEMENT- MADE OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE. COMPOUND- MADE OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ATOMS CHEMICALLY COMBINED IN IN A SET RATIO. Aluminum (Al) is an element and carbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound. Explain how you know the difference between an element and compound. Use aluminum and carbon dioxide as examples in your explanation. ALUMINUM IS FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE. IT’S SYMBOL SHOWS THAT IT IS ONE ELEMENT. ELEMENT SYMBOLS ALL BEGIN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER. IF THE SYMBOL HAS MORE THAN ONE LETTER, THE OTHER LETTERS WILL BE LOWER CASE. CARBON DIOXIDE IS MADE OF TWO ELEMENTS FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE, CARBON AND OXYGEN. Explain why you can’t find salt (NaCl) in a box on the periodic table. SALT IS A COMPOUND MADE OF TWO DIFFERENT ELEMENTS, SODIUM (Na) AND CHLORINE (Cl). THE ELEMENTS ARE FOUND SEPARATELY ON THE PERIODIC TABLE. What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
How many different elements are found in water?
2
What are their names? HYDROGEN, OXYGEN REMEMBER: THE FORMULA FOR WATER SHOWS THAT IT CONTAINS 2 HYDROGEN ATOMS AND 1 OXYGEN ATOM Periodic Table Name the elements whose symbols are listed below: H -HYDROGEN
He- HELIUM
Fe- IRON
O-OXYGEN
C-CARBON
N-NITROGEN
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
Cu-COPPER
LEFT OF THE ZIGZAG LINE
Where are non-metals located on the periodic table? RIGHT OF THE ZIGZAG LINE Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
TOUCHING THE ZIGZAG LINE
Physical Properties Define CONDUCTIVITY- THE ABILITY TO ALLOW THE FLOW OF HEAT OR ELECTRICITY MALLEABILITY- THE ABILITY TO HAMMER OR FLATTEN AN OBJECT INTO A SHAPE DUCTILITY- THE ABILITY TO STRING AN OBJECT INTO A WIRE LUSTER- THE WAY A MINERAL SHINES, CAN BE DULL OR SHINY, METTALIC OR NON-METALIC Describe the physical properties of metals. SHINY LUSTER, MALLEABLE, DUCTILE, CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY AND HEAT WELL, MOSTLY SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE Describe the physical properties of non-metals. DULL LUSTER, CAN BE LIQUIDS AND GASES, SOLIDS ARE BRITTLE, DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY OR HEAT WELL Describe the physical properties of metalloids. HAVE PROPERTIES OF BOTH METALS AND NON-METALS
Physical/Chemical Changes Mark a “P” by examples of physical changes and a “C” by chemical changes: Burning - C
Melting - P
Crushing - P
Breaking - P
Tarnishing - C
Reacting - C
Painting - P
Rusting - C
Freezing - P
What are four indicators to show that a chemical change has occurred? • • • •
COLOR CHANGE (CAN BE AN INDICATOR, BUT A COLOR CHANGE DOES NOT ALWAYS INDICATE CHEMICAL CHANGE) PRODUCTION OF HEAT/LIGHT GAS OR BUBBLES GIVEN OFF TWO LIQUID SOLUTIONS TURNING INTO A SOLID – PRECIPITATE (A CHANGE IN THE STATE OF MATTER IS NOT A CHEMICAL CHANGE. FOR EXAMPLE: ICE MELTING INTO LIQUID IS NOT A CHEMICAL CHANGE).
Is energy/heat lost or gained in the following changes of state of matter? Solid to liquid- HEAT IS GAINED - MELITING Liquid to gas-
HEAT IS GAINED - EVAPROATION
Gas to liquid-
HEAT IS LOST - CONDENSATION
Liquid to solid- HEAT IS LOST - FREEZING
Energy Define POTENTIAL ENERGY- STORED ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY-
MOVING ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY-
ENERGY CREATED BY THE SPLITTING OF AN ATOM
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE HEAT INSIDE THE EARTH HYDROELECTIRC ENERGY- ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE FLOW OF WATER RENEWABLE- RESOURCES THAT CAN REPLENISH THEMSELVES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME NON-RENEWABLE- RESOURCES THAT CAN’T REPLENISH THEMSELVES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME INEXHAUSTIBLE- ENERGY RESOURCES THAT CAN NEVER BE USED UP FOSSIL FUEL- NATURAL FUELS FORMED FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL REMAINS FROM LONG AGO ENERGY TRANSFORMATION- WHEN ONE FORM OF ENERGY CHANGES INTO ANOTHER FORM ENERGY CONSERVATION- SAVING ENERGY
What are the three fossil fuels? COAL, NATURAL GAS, PETROLEUM (OIL)
Complete the following chart: Beginning Energy
Ending Energy
Example #1
Example #2
Electrical
Thermal
TOASTER
HAIR DRYER
Chemical
Mechanical
LAWN MOWER
REMOTE CONTROL CAR
Mechanical
Electrical
HAND-CRANK RADIO
TURBINES AT ELECTRICAL PLANTS
Chemical
Radiant
FLASH LIGHT
CAMPFIRE
Name three ways to save electricity at home. TURN OFF LIGHTS WHEN LEAVING A ROOM. USE FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBS INSTEAD OF INCANDESENT BULBS. REMEMBER: INCANDESENTS GIVE OFF HEAT LIKE A CANDLE. ADJUST THE THERMOSTAT WHEN LEAVING THE HOUSE. Complete the following chart: TYPE OF ENERGY
RENEWABLE. NON-RENEWABLE, or INEXHAUSTIBLE
CAUSES AIR POLLUTION
OTHER INFO
Geothermal
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Found only in certain areas
Wind
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Could be harmful to birds, can be an eyesore
Hydroelectric
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Flooding and other environmental concerns
Coal
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Causes black lung disease
Petroleum (oil)
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Used all over the U.S.
Natural Gas
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Causes less pollution than other fossil fuels
Nuclear
NON-RENEWABLE
No
Makes hazardous waste
Solar
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Doesn’t work at night
Biomass
RENEWABLE
Yes
Uses trash or organic materials as fuel
Define Conduction - happens when heat moves from one object to another through direct contact Radiation - happens when energy, such as heat, moves in waves between one object and another Convection - happens when matter, such as gas and water, carries heat from one place to another in currents. Warm gases and water are less dense and will rise where as colder gases and water are denser and will sink. Illustrate an example of conduction, convection, and radiation.
This is illustrating warm air rising in currents, which is convection.
This is illustrating heat moving up a metal stoker, which is conduction.
This is illustrating heat moving in waves being felt by someone, which is radiation.
ANSWER KEY Lab Safety Goggles are required during experiments using what three things? HEAT, CHEMICALS, GLASSWARE What should be done when an accident occurs during an experiment? TELL THE TEACHER IMMEDIATELY What items should be brought to the lab table during an investigation? ONLY A PENCIL, LABSHEET, AND ISN Lab Tools/Measurement Define MATTER- ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE (VOLUME) MASS- THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT VOLUME- THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT TAKES UP DENSITY- THE MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF MASS CONTAINED IN AN A GIVEN VOLUME What is another name for the metric system? SI SYSTEM (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL) Name what the following tools measure: REMEMBER THE PNEUMONIC DEVICE FOR THE METRIC SYSTEM: KHDUDCM (U IS THE UNIT) METRIC RULER- USED TO MEASURE LENGTH. THE UNIT IS A METER (IN LAB WE COMMONLY USE METERS, CENTIMETERS, OR MILLIMETERS). IT’S ALSO USED TO MEASURE THE SIDES OF RECTANGULAR PRISMS (REMEMBER A CUBE IS A RECTANGULAR PRISM) TO CALCULATE THEIR VOLUME (LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT). TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE- USED TO MEASURE THE MASS OF AN OBJECT. THE UNIT IS A GRAM. GRADUATED CYLINDER- USED TO MEASURE THE VOLUME OF A LIQUID. THE UNIT IS A LITER (WE COMMONLY USE MILLILITERS IN LAB). IT’S ALSO USED TO FIND THE VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR SOLID, LIKE A PEBBLE (WATER DISPLACEMENT: ENDING VOLUME MINUS BEGINNING VOLUME) SPRING SCALE- USED TO MEASURE THE WEIGHT (OR FORCE) OF AN OBJECT. THE UNIT CAN BE NEWTONS (FORCE) OR GRAMS (MASS). THERMOMETER- USED TO MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE OF A SUBSTANCE. OC
What is the mass displayed on the triple beam balance below?
187.1 GRAMS
What is the volume displayed on the graduated cylinder below?
18 MILLILITERS
mL
What is the volume of the rectangular prism below? Remember the formula for volume: V = L x W x H 12 cm 144 cm 3
4 cm 3cm What is the density of water?
1 g/ml (Remember the formula for density: D = M/V)
What happens to objects with a density greater than 1? THEY SINK IN WATER What happens to objects with a density less than 1?
THEY FLOAT IN WATER
What happens when an object has a greater mass than volume?
THEY SINK IN WATER
What happens when an object has a greater volume than mass?
THEY FLOAT IN WATER
Experimental Design List the 6 steps of the scientific method in order: 1.
PROBLEM/QUESTION
4.
EXPERIMENT
2.
RESEARCH
5.
ANALYZE DATA
3.
HYPOTHESIS
6.
CONCLUSION
Define MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- THE VARIABLE THAT IS CHANGED ON PURPOSE DURING THE EXPERIMENT (THE VARIABLE YOU ARE TESTING). THERE IS ONLY ONE MANIPULATED VARIABLE IN EACH EXPERIMENT. HINT: MANIPULATED MEANS… CHANGED BY MAN. RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- THE VARIABLE THAT RESPONDS OR CHANGES BECAUSE OF THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE. HINT: IT IS WHAT YOU MEASURE DURING THE EXPERIMENT. CONTROLLED VARIABLE- THE VARIABLES THAT NEED TO BE THE SAME FOR EACH TEST GROUP DURING AN EXPERIMENT TO KEEP THE EXPERIMENT “FAIR” OR VALID. Which type of variable can you have more than one of? CONTROLLED VARIABLES What does DRY MIX stand for? DEPENDENT/RESPONDING VARIABLE IS GRAPHED ON THE Y AXIS MANIPULATED/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS GRAPHED ON THE X AXIS Read the following passage and identify the variables. Claire wanted to know if feeding peanuts to hamsters made them gain weight compared to their normal hamster food. She weighed both of her hamsters before the experiment and found that they both weighed 30 grams. Claire fed her black hamster 1 tablespoon of chopped peanuts each day, while feeding her white hamster I tablespoon of regular hamster food each day. Claire performed the experiment for one month and weighed the hamsters every seven days. MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- TYPE OF FOOD RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- WEIGHT OF HAMSTERS CONTROLLED VARIABLE- SAME AMOUNT OF FOOD, FED BOTH EACH DAY, BOTH WEIGHED EVERY SEVEN DAYS Which type of graph would be best to show the weight change that occurred during the month?
LINE
REMEMBER: LINE GRAPHS SHOW CHANGE OVER TIME, PIE GRAPHS SHOW PERCENTAGES, BAR GRAPHS ARE USED FOR COMPARISIONS
Boys and Girls Favorite Pizza Toppings GENDER
TYPE OF PIZZA
PEPPERONI
EXTRA CHEESE
HAM
BLACK OLIVES
MUSHROOMS
Boys
Thin crust
45
30
15
5
5
Girls
Thin crust
30
30
20
10
10
Identify the variables from the data above. MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- FAVORITE TOPPING RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- STUDENT RESPONSES (BOYS AND GIRLS) CONTROLLED VARIABLE- TYPE OF PIZZA CRUST (THIN) Use the data in the table to make a graph. Remember to include a title, X-axis label, Y-axis label, and legend if appropriate. Boys and Girls Favorite Topping
Elements/Compounds Define ELEMENT- MADE OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE. COMPOUND- MADE OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ATOMS CHEMICALLY COMBINED IN IN A SET RATIO. Aluminum (Al) is an element and carbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound. Explain how you know the difference between an element and compound. Use aluminum and carbon dioxide as examples in your explanation. ALUMINUM IS FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE. IT’S SYMBOL SHOWS THAT IT IS ONE ELEMENT. ELEMENT SYMBOLS ALL BEGIN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER. IF THE SYMBOL HAS MORE THAN ONE LETTER, THE OTHER LETTERS WILL BE LOWER CASE. CARBON DIOXIDE IS MADE OF TWO ELEMENTS FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE, CARBON AND OXYGEN. Explain why you can’t find salt (NaCl) in a box on the periodic table. SALT IS A COMPOUND MADE OF TWO DIFFERENT ELEMENTS, SODIUM (Na) AND CHLORINE (Cl). THE ELEMENTS ARE FOUND SEPARATELY ON THE PERIODIC TABLE. What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
How many different elements are found in water?
2
What are their names? HYDROGEN, OXYGEN REMEMBER: THE FORMULA FOR WATER SHOWS THAT IT CONTAINS 2 HYDROGEN ATOMS AND 1 OXYGEN ATOM Periodic Table Name the elements whose symbols are listed below: H -HYDROGEN
He- HELIUM
Fe- IRON
O-OXYGEN
C-CARBON
N-NITROGEN
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
Cu-COPPER
LEFT OF THE ZIGZAG LINE
Where are non-metals located on the periodic table? RIGHT OF THE ZIGZAG LINE Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
TOUCHING THE ZIGZAG LINE
Physical Properties Define CONDUCTIVITY- THE ABILITY TO ALLOW THE FLOW OF HEAT OR ELECTRICITY MALLEABILITY- THE ABILITY TO HAMMER OR FLATTEN AN OBJECT INTO A SHAPE DUCTILITY- THE ABILITY TO STRING AN OBJECT INTO A WIRE LUSTER- THE WAY A MINERAL SHINES, CAN BE DULL OR SHINY, METTALIC OR NON-METALIC Describe the physical properties of metals. SHINY LUSTER, MALLEABLE, DUCTILE, CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY AND HEAT WELL, MOSTLY SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE Describe the physical properties of non-metals. DULL LUSTER, CAN BE LIQUIDS AND GASES, SOLIDS ARE BRITTLE, DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY OR HEAT WELL Describe the physical properties of metalloids. HAVE PROPERTIES OF BOTH METALS AND NON-METALS
Physical/Chemical Changes Mark a “P” by examples of physical changes and a “C” by chemical changes: Burning - C
Melting - P
Crushing - P
Breaking - P
Tarnishing - C
Reacting - C
Painting - P
Rusting - C
Freezing - P
What are four indicators to show that a chemical change has occurred? • • • •
COLOR CHANGE (CAN BE AN INDICATOR, BUT A COLOR CHANGE DOES NOT ALWAYS INDICATE CHEMICAL CHANGE) PRODUCTION OF HEAT/LIGHT GAS OR BUBBLES GIVEN OFF TWO LIQUID SOLUTIONS TURNING INTO A SOLID – PRECIPITATE (A CHANGE IN THE STATE OF MATTER IS NOT A CHEMICAL CHANGE. FOR EXAMPLE: ICE MELTING INTO LIQUID IS NOT A CHEMICAL CHANGE).
Is energy/heat lost or gained in the following changes of state of matter? Solid to liquid- HEAT IS GAINED - MELITING Liquid to gas-
HEAT IS GAINED - EVAPROATION
Gas to liquid-
HEAT IS LOST - CONDENSATION
Liquid to solid- HEAT IS LOST - FREEZING
Energy Define POTENTIAL ENERGY- STORED ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY-
MOVING ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY-
ENERGY CREATED BY THE SPLITTING OF AN ATOM
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE HEAT INSIDE THE EARTH HYDROELECTIRC ENERGY- ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE FLOW OF WATER RENEWABLE- RESOURCES THAT CAN REPLENISH THEMSELVES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME NON-RENEWABLE- RESOURCES THAT CAN’T REPLENISH THEMSELVES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME INEXHAUSTIBLE- ENERGY RESOURCES THAT CAN NEVER BE USED UP FOSSIL FUEL- NATURAL FUELS FORMED FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL REMAINS FROM LONG AGO ENERGY TRANSFORMATION- WHEN ONE FORM OF ENERGY CHANGES INTO ANOTHER FORM ENERGY CONSERVATION- SAVING ENERGY
What are the three fossil fuels? COAL, NATURAL GAS, PETROLEUM (OIL)
Complete the following chart: Beginning Energy
Ending Energy
Example #1
Example #2
Electrical
Thermal
TOASTER
HAIR DRYER
Chemical
Mechanical
LAWN MOWER
REMOTE CONTROL CAR
Mechanical
Electrical
HAND-CRANK RADIO
TURBINES AT ELECTRICAL PLANTS
Chemical
Radiant
FLASH LIGHT
CAMPFIRE
Name three ways to save electricity at home. TURN OFF LIGHTS WHEN LEAVING A ROOM. USE FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBS INSTEAD OF INCANDESENT BULBS. REMEMBER: INCANDESENTS GIVE OFF HEAT LIKE A CANDLE. ADJUST THE THERMOSTAT WHEN LEAVING THE HOUSE. Complete the following chart: TYPE OF ENERGY
RENEWABLE. NON-RENEWABLE, or INEXHAUSTIBLE
CAUSES AIR POLLUTION
OTHER INFO
Geothermal
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Found only in certain areas
Wind
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Could be harmful to birds, can be an eyesore
Hydroelectric
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Flooding and other environmental concerns
Coal
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Causes black lung disease
Petroleum (oil)
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Used all over the U.S.
Natural Gas
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Causes less pollution than other fossil fuels
Nuclear
NON-RENEWABLE
No
Makes hazardous waste
Solar
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Doesn’t work at night
Biomass
RENEWABLE
Yes
Uses trash or organic materials as fuel
Define Conduction - happens when heat moves from one object to another through direct contact Radiation - happens when energy, such as heat, moves in waves between one object and another Convection - happens when matter, such as gas and water, carries heat from one place to another in currents. Warm gases and water are less dense and will rise where as colder gases and water are denser and will sink. Illustrate an example of conduction, convection, and radiation.
This is illustrating warm air rising in currents, which is convection.
This is illustrating heat moving up a metal stoker, which is conduction.
This is illustrating heat moving in waves being felt by someone, which is radiation.
