Bible Studies
Bible Studies The Torah: Genesis
Aaron S. Copeland Faith Baptist, Palm Bay
CONTENTS Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Torah Series ................................................................................................ 2 Class Structure and Responsibilities ................................................................................... 3 Torah: Genesis Syllabus ..................................................................................................... 4 Chronology of the Torah ..................................................................................................... 5 Maps .................................................................................................................................... 7 Names of God ................................................................................................................... 11 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 14
Acknowledgments My prayerful wife, Che, has shown great patience, strength, endurance, and support while I attended seminary, and while I continue my studies for teaching. Tom Burkett has also been, and continues to be, a wise influence in molding me from a nerve-wracked speaker into a teacher. Lastly, Faith Baptist Church has afforded an encouraging environment that has allowed my wife and me to become increasingly effective members of the body of Christ. I hope all members will take the opportunities our church provides and pursue similar growth in whatever ministry God has assigned them to. Purpose of the Torah Series The Torah lays the foundation of a life with God and community with his people. Often ignored, skipped, or just plain misunderstood, the first five books of the Bible encapsulate the Jewish roots of our relationship with God. Have you been missing these important keys needed to properly understand the Messiah's atonement and your own salvation? Come join us on a one year journey alongside a chosen people, in a chosen land, with a chosen priesthood, sacrifice and King. This exciting challenge is guaranteed to renew your mind, build your faith, and anchor your fellowship with each other and the world. Always feel free to contact me by phone or email at any time with any questions or comments you may have, and I will do my utmost to serve you.
Aaron Copeland 1663 Jacinto Ave NW Palm Bay, FL 32907 (321) 271-5560 [email protected]
2
Class Structure and Responsibilities Who is this class for? This series is directed at believers. While unbelievers are always welcome to study God’s Word with us, there will be many doctrines we encounter that we will just assume and not set out to prove such as: The full deity and humanity of the Messiah The inspiration and inerrancy of the 66 books of Scripture as our closed canon A literal 6-day creation Original sin and its genetic characteristics God’s transcendence outside His creation, and God’s immanence within His creation through special revelation, supernatural means, and the shaping of history to ultimately achieve the redemption of the world resulting in glory to himself alone. Note: All are encouraged, in their own time, to pursue these wonderful doctrines. Requirements A Bible that can be easily understood. Word-for-word translations are best such as the KJV, NKJV, ESV or NASB. I want everyone to feel right at home with the reading they will be required to do for this class. Your notebook and pencil. Notetaking is essential for any serious student. I also challenge everyone to underline difficult areas in their Bible and to make any other notes as needed. Reading Assignments Students will be required to read 5-8 chapters of the Bible each week. I am striving to cover each book of the Torah in 8-10 weeks, and we cannot possibly spend class time reading through whole books. So I am counting on everyone to be committed students of God’s Word, and to have the reading finished by class time each Wed evening. The reading should not be done to check a box, but should be a holy time between you and the Lord. Try to adopt the following habits when reading the Bible: o First, read and try to understand what the author was saying to his audience in their time and in their cultural setting (note: we are not the intended audience of the Bible). o Second, only after a proper interpretation is acquired, consider how the reading applies to yourself right where you are at in life at this time…make it personal, and allow the Holy Spirit to teach and change you through His Living Word. Discussion There will be a time for directed discussion at the beginning of every class. The joy of a group Bible study comes from the fellowship with the Spirit in His Word that we share together. Because of that, I would ask that only those who have accomplished their weekly reading be allowed to participate in any discussion. If you know you haven’t finished the entire reading for that week, please respect the fellowship of those that have, yet please continue to attend class for your own learning and get back into the race with us for the following week.
3
Torah: Genesis Syllabus Remember to finish the assignments and always bring your Bible and notebook to class. Classes will be recorded and posted to the church’s website for listening online or through podcast at: http://faithpb.com/sermons Week 1 (Wed 6/22/16): Introduction to the Torah (Part 1) Homework: Read Deuteronomy 6. Week 2 (Wed 6/29/16): Introduction to the Torah (Part 2) Homework: Read Genesis 1-5 (5 chapters) Week 3 (Wed 7/6/16): State of the World 1 – The Beginnings Homework: Read Genesis 6-11 (6 chapters) Week 4 (Wed 7/13/16): State of the World 2 – World Destruction & Counterfeit Religion Homework: Read Genesis 12-17 (6 chapters) Week 5 (Wed 7/20/16): A Plan Manifested – A Particular Means for a Universal Goal Homework: Read Genesis 18-23 (6 chapters) Week 6 (Wed 7/27/16): The Patriarchs – Abraham Homework: Read Genesis 24-30 (7 chapters) Week 7 (Wed 8/3/16): The Patriarchs – Isaac and Jacob Homework: Read Genesis 31-36 (6 chapters) Week 8 (Wed 8/10/16): A Promise Kept – Jacob Returns to the Land of His Fathers Homework: Read Genesis 37-44 (8 chapters) Week 9 (Wed 8/17/16): Jacob in Canaan – Tamar’s Persistence & Joseph’s Faithfulness Homework: Read Genesis 45-50 (6 chapters) Week 10 (Wed 8/24/16): A Family Secured – Obscurity with the Hope of Glory Class celebration will be held at the Copeland’s home. Date is TBD.
4
Chronology of the Torah
5
6
Maps
7
8
9
10
Names of God In the OT, God generally revealed himself as the God of the Fathers, or El. El (God): Strength or Power. Used 57 times in the OT. o El was not just the God of the Patriarchs, but also the supreme god of the pantheon of gods worshipped by the Canaanites and Phoenicians. They had perverted their sense of who God was. o El was also used as “Al” in other Semitic languages rather than “El” such as Ba-al (second to El, Baal was the Canaanite and Phoenician god of fertility), and in modern use today by Islam, “Al” used in Al-lah. Elohim (God): Plural of El. Used 3000 times in the OT. As a stand-alone name, Israel primarily used this plural term rather than its singular counterpart. Elohim describes the majesty and authority of God. It also describes the mystery of his very essence. Christians understand this mystery to include the mystery of the Godhead, or Trinity. El-Shaddai (God Almighty): Gen 17:1-2; 35:11 El-Elyon (Most High God): Abraham and Melchizedek Gen 14:19-20 El-Olam (Everlasting God): Gen 21:33 El-Roi (God that sees): Used by Hagar in Gen 16:3. God sees the needs of people and responds. “His eye is on the sparrow, and I know he watches me.” El is also combined to make names, called a “theophories”. Isra-el: One ruled by God Beth-el: House of God Peni-el: Face of God Others: o Men’s Names: Dani-el, Ezeki-el, Samu-el, Nathani-el, Jo-el o Women’s Names: Haz-el, Ari-el, Isab-el, Mab-el, Annab-el, Raqu-el o Angelic Names: Ang-el, Micha-el, Gabri-el o Jesus’ Identity: Immanu-el Jesus uses El when on the cross he says, “Eli Eli, lama sabachthani?” or “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?” God chose to reveal his deeply personal name as YHWH. YHWH: The constantly being one (who never changes, who is never in need, who upholds all that he says). o This name of God is so powerful that God formed a covenant with his people based on his self-revelation surrounding this name. o It is known as God’s covenant name. Ha-Yah (I Am) YHWH-Yireh (The Lord will provide or Our deliverance): Gen 22:14 the ram substitute for Isaac. YHWH-Nissi (The Lord is my banner): Exo 17:15 the name is a banner under which Israel could rally. YHWH-Mekaddesh (The Lord sanctifies): Exo 31:13 God is holy and requires his people to 11
be set apart. YHWH-Shalom (The Lord is peace): YHWH- Sabaoth (The Lord of hosts): YHWH-Rohi (The Lord is my shepherd): YHWH-Tsidkenu (The Lord is our Righteousness) YHWH-Shammah (The Lord is there)
YHWH is also combined to make names, called a “theophories”. Ahazi-ah: Vision of YHWH Hanani-ah: YHWH is gracious Hezeki-ah: YHWH has strengthened Isai-ah: Salvation of YHWH Jeremi-ah: YHWH exalts There are many anthropomorphisms, or human forms, describing God. Since God is Spirit, he does not possess these forms the way we know them, but these expressions help the human mind to understand God, and enable an infinite God to reveal himself to finite human beings. We should be very careful in not ultimately limiting God to these descriptions however (Num 23:19; Job 9:32; Isa 55:8-9) Bodily forms o His face (Num 6:25-26 See also Ps 27:8; 51:9; Mt 18:10; Rev 22:4) o His heart (2 Chron 7:16 See also Gen 6:6; 8:21; 1 Sam 13:14; Act 13:22) o His hands (Isa 14:27 See also 1 Chron 28:19; 29:14,16; Ps 45:4; Act 2:33-34; 1 Pet 3:22; 5:6) o His eyes (2 Chron 16:9 See also Deut 11:12; Prov 15:3; Am 9:8; Zech 4:10; 1 Pet 3:12; Ps 34:15) o His feet (Ezek 43:7 See also Deut 33:3; 2 Sam 22:10; Ps 18:9; Ps 45:5; Isa 60:13) o His arm (Isa 59:1; Jer 32:21 God’s arm is particularly used as a symbol of his power at the exodus. See also Exo 6:6; Deut 5:15; Job 40:9; Isa 51:9; 52:10; 63:5; Lk 1:51; Jn 12:38; Isa 53:1) o His mind (Rom 11:34 See also Isa 40:13; 1 Sam 15:29; Jer 7:31; Heb 7:21; Ps 110:4) Sensory forms o He hears (Ps 4:3 God’s hearing usually refers to his answering of prayer. See also Ge 16:11; 2 Chron 7:14; Ps 94:9; Lk 1:13; Jn 11:42; Heb 5:7) o He sees (Gen 16:13 See also Ge 1:4; 2 Chron 12:7; Neh 9:9; Prov 24:18; Ezek 8:1213; Jnh 3:10) o He smells (Gen 8:21 God’s smelling refers to his acceptance of sacrifices. See also Lev 1:9) Emotional forms: Note God’s emotions are not reactionary as he is omniscient. o He shows delight (Zep 3:17 See also Deut 30:9; Ps 149:4; Isa 5:7; 62:4) o He is compassionate (Jas 5:11 See also Ps 145:9; Isa 54:10; Hos 2:19; 11:8; 2 Cor 1:3) o He is angry (Ps 95:10-11 See also 2 Kgs 17:11; Ps 78:58; 106:29; Isa 5:25; 54:8) o He experiences pain (Gen 6:6 See also 1 Sam 15:11,35; 2 Sam 24:16; 1 Chron 21:15; Ezek 6:9) 12
Human action forms o He walks (Gen 3:8 See also Lev 26:12; 2 Cor 6:16) o He speaks (Deut 4:12 See also Job 40:6; Ps 29:3-9; 33:6,9; Ezek 1:24; Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; Act 7:6) o He rests (Gen 2:2 See also Exo 20:11; Heb 4:4) o He rides (Ps 68:4 See also Deut 33:26; 2 Sam 22:11; Ps 18:10; Ps 68:33; Hab 3:8) o He laughs (Ps 59:8 See also Ps 2:4; 37:13) o Other actions Isa 5:26 God whistles; Rev 3:20 God knocks
13
Bibliography Brisco, Thomas V. Holman Bible Atlas. Holman Reference. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998. Brown, Michael L. Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus: Messianic Prophecy Objections. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2003. Davis, John J. “The Patriarchs’ Knowledge of Jehovah: A Critical Monograph on Exodus 6:3.” Grace Journal 4 (1963): 28-42. Dorsey, David A. The Literary Structure of the Old Testament: A Commentary on Genesis – Malachi. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999. Freeman, Hobart E. “The Problem of the Efficacy of the Old Testament Sacrifices.” Grace Journal 4 (1963): 17-27. Garland, Anthony C. A Testimony of Jesus Christ: A Commentary on the Book of Revelation. http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/revelation/related-topics/millennialsacrifices.html# (accessed Feb 2, 2016). Geisler, Norman L., and William E. Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1986. Hager, Harry. “The Amazing Power of Unbelief in the World Today: A Sign of the Predicted Anti-Christian Revolt.” Bibliotheca Sacra 110 (1953): 160-175. Harris, R. Laird, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke, eds. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999. Hodge, Bodie. Tower of Babel: The Cultural History of our Ancestors. Green Forest, AZ: Master Books, 2013. Josephus, Flavius. The Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston. Green Forest, AZ: 2008. Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. Mission in the Old Testament: Israel as a Light to the Nations. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2000. ——. The Messiah in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995. ——. Toward an Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1978. Lockyer, Herbert. All the Messianic Prophecies of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1973.
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McCabe, Robert V. “A Defense of Literal Days in the Creation Week.” Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal 5 (2000): 97-123. Merrill, Eugene H. Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel. Grand Rapid, MI: Baker Academic, 2008. ——., Mark E. Rooker, and Michael A. Grisanti. The World and the Word: An Introduction to the Old Testament. Nashville, TN: B&H Academic, 2011. Mounce, William D. Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006. Oswalt, John N. The Bible among the Myths: Unique Revelation or Just Ancient Literature? Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Tverberg, Lois, and Bruce Okkema. Listening to the Language of the Bible: Hearing it through Jesus’ Ears. Holland, MI: En-Gedi Resource Center, 2006. Walton, John H. Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006. Whitaker, Richard, Francis Brown, S.R. (Samuel Rolles) Driver, and Charles A. (Charles Augustus) Briggs. The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament: From A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by Francis Brown, S.R. Driver and Charles Briggs, Based on the Lexicon of Wilhelm Gesenius. Boston; New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1906. Wright, Christopher J. H. Knowing Jesus through the Old Testament. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992.
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Aaron S. Copeland Faith Baptist, Palm Bay
CONTENTS Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Torah Series ................................................................................................ 2 Class Structure and Responsibilities ................................................................................... 3 Torah: Genesis Syllabus ..................................................................................................... 4 Chronology of the Torah ..................................................................................................... 5 Maps .................................................................................................................................... 7 Names of God ................................................................................................................... 11 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 14
Acknowledgments My prayerful wife, Che, has shown great patience, strength, endurance, and support while I attended seminary, and while I continue my studies for teaching. Tom Burkett has also been, and continues to be, a wise influence in molding me from a nerve-wracked speaker into a teacher. Lastly, Faith Baptist Church has afforded an encouraging environment that has allowed my wife and me to become increasingly effective members of the body of Christ. I hope all members will take the opportunities our church provides and pursue similar growth in whatever ministry God has assigned them to. Purpose of the Torah Series The Torah lays the foundation of a life with God and community with his people. Often ignored, skipped, or just plain misunderstood, the first five books of the Bible encapsulate the Jewish roots of our relationship with God. Have you been missing these important keys needed to properly understand the Messiah's atonement and your own salvation? Come join us on a one year journey alongside a chosen people, in a chosen land, with a chosen priesthood, sacrifice and King. This exciting challenge is guaranteed to renew your mind, build your faith, and anchor your fellowship with each other and the world. Always feel free to contact me by phone or email at any time with any questions or comments you may have, and I will do my utmost to serve you.
Aaron Copeland 1663 Jacinto Ave NW Palm Bay, FL 32907 (321) 271-5560 [email protected]
2
Class Structure and Responsibilities Who is this class for? This series is directed at believers. While unbelievers are always welcome to study God’s Word with us, there will be many doctrines we encounter that we will just assume and not set out to prove such as: The full deity and humanity of the Messiah The inspiration and inerrancy of the 66 books of Scripture as our closed canon A literal 6-day creation Original sin and its genetic characteristics God’s transcendence outside His creation, and God’s immanence within His creation through special revelation, supernatural means, and the shaping of history to ultimately achieve the redemption of the world resulting in glory to himself alone. Note: All are encouraged, in their own time, to pursue these wonderful doctrines. Requirements A Bible that can be easily understood. Word-for-word translations are best such as the KJV, NKJV, ESV or NASB. I want everyone to feel right at home with the reading they will be required to do for this class. Your notebook and pencil. Notetaking is essential for any serious student. I also challenge everyone to underline difficult areas in their Bible and to make any other notes as needed. Reading Assignments Students will be required to read 5-8 chapters of the Bible each week. I am striving to cover each book of the Torah in 8-10 weeks, and we cannot possibly spend class time reading through whole books. So I am counting on everyone to be committed students of God’s Word, and to have the reading finished by class time each Wed evening. The reading should not be done to check a box, but should be a holy time between you and the Lord. Try to adopt the following habits when reading the Bible: o First, read and try to understand what the author was saying to his audience in their time and in their cultural setting (note: we are not the intended audience of the Bible). o Second, only after a proper interpretation is acquired, consider how the reading applies to yourself right where you are at in life at this time…make it personal, and allow the Holy Spirit to teach and change you through His Living Word. Discussion There will be a time for directed discussion at the beginning of every class. The joy of a group Bible study comes from the fellowship with the Spirit in His Word that we share together. Because of that, I would ask that only those who have accomplished their weekly reading be allowed to participate in any discussion. If you know you haven’t finished the entire reading for that week, please respect the fellowship of those that have, yet please continue to attend class for your own learning and get back into the race with us for the following week.
3
Torah: Genesis Syllabus Remember to finish the assignments and always bring your Bible and notebook to class. Classes will be recorded and posted to the church’s website for listening online or through podcast at: http://faithpb.com/sermons Week 1 (Wed 6/22/16): Introduction to the Torah (Part 1) Homework: Read Deuteronomy 6. Week 2 (Wed 6/29/16): Introduction to the Torah (Part 2) Homework: Read Genesis 1-5 (5 chapters) Week 3 (Wed 7/6/16): State of the World 1 – The Beginnings Homework: Read Genesis 6-11 (6 chapters) Week 4 (Wed 7/13/16): State of the World 2 – World Destruction & Counterfeit Religion Homework: Read Genesis 12-17 (6 chapters) Week 5 (Wed 7/20/16): A Plan Manifested – A Particular Means for a Universal Goal Homework: Read Genesis 18-23 (6 chapters) Week 6 (Wed 7/27/16): The Patriarchs – Abraham Homework: Read Genesis 24-30 (7 chapters) Week 7 (Wed 8/3/16): The Patriarchs – Isaac and Jacob Homework: Read Genesis 31-36 (6 chapters) Week 8 (Wed 8/10/16): A Promise Kept – Jacob Returns to the Land of His Fathers Homework: Read Genesis 37-44 (8 chapters) Week 9 (Wed 8/17/16): Jacob in Canaan – Tamar’s Persistence & Joseph’s Faithfulness Homework: Read Genesis 45-50 (6 chapters) Week 10 (Wed 8/24/16): A Family Secured – Obscurity with the Hope of Glory Class celebration will be held at the Copeland’s home. Date is TBD.
4
Chronology of the Torah
5
6
Maps
7
8
9
10
Names of God In the OT, God generally revealed himself as the God of the Fathers, or El. El (God): Strength or Power. Used 57 times in the OT. o El was not just the God of the Patriarchs, but also the supreme god of the pantheon of gods worshipped by the Canaanites and Phoenicians. They had perverted their sense of who God was. o El was also used as “Al” in other Semitic languages rather than “El” such as Ba-al (second to El, Baal was the Canaanite and Phoenician god of fertility), and in modern use today by Islam, “Al” used in Al-lah. Elohim (God): Plural of El. Used 3000 times in the OT. As a stand-alone name, Israel primarily used this plural term rather than its singular counterpart. Elohim describes the majesty and authority of God. It also describes the mystery of his very essence. Christians understand this mystery to include the mystery of the Godhead, or Trinity. El-Shaddai (God Almighty): Gen 17:1-2; 35:11 El-Elyon (Most High God): Abraham and Melchizedek Gen 14:19-20 El-Olam (Everlasting God): Gen 21:33 El-Roi (God that sees): Used by Hagar in Gen 16:3. God sees the needs of people and responds. “His eye is on the sparrow, and I know he watches me.” El is also combined to make names, called a “theophories”. Isra-el: One ruled by God Beth-el: House of God Peni-el: Face of God Others: o Men’s Names: Dani-el, Ezeki-el, Samu-el, Nathani-el, Jo-el o Women’s Names: Haz-el, Ari-el, Isab-el, Mab-el, Annab-el, Raqu-el o Angelic Names: Ang-el, Micha-el, Gabri-el o Jesus’ Identity: Immanu-el Jesus uses El when on the cross he says, “Eli Eli, lama sabachthani?” or “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?” God chose to reveal his deeply personal name as YHWH. YHWH: The constantly being one (who never changes, who is never in need, who upholds all that he says). o This name of God is so powerful that God formed a covenant with his people based on his self-revelation surrounding this name. o It is known as God’s covenant name. Ha-Yah (I Am) YHWH-Yireh (The Lord will provide or Our deliverance): Gen 22:14 the ram substitute for Isaac. YHWH-Nissi (The Lord is my banner): Exo 17:15 the name is a banner under which Israel could rally. YHWH-Mekaddesh (The Lord sanctifies): Exo 31:13 God is holy and requires his people to 11
be set apart. YHWH-Shalom (The Lord is peace): YHWH- Sabaoth (The Lord of hosts): YHWH-Rohi (The Lord is my shepherd): YHWH-Tsidkenu (The Lord is our Righteousness) YHWH-Shammah (The Lord is there)
YHWH is also combined to make names, called a “theophories”. Ahazi-ah: Vision of YHWH Hanani-ah: YHWH is gracious Hezeki-ah: YHWH has strengthened Isai-ah: Salvation of YHWH Jeremi-ah: YHWH exalts There are many anthropomorphisms, or human forms, describing God. Since God is Spirit, he does not possess these forms the way we know them, but these expressions help the human mind to understand God, and enable an infinite God to reveal himself to finite human beings. We should be very careful in not ultimately limiting God to these descriptions however (Num 23:19; Job 9:32; Isa 55:8-9) Bodily forms o His face (Num 6:25-26 See also Ps 27:8; 51:9; Mt 18:10; Rev 22:4) o His heart (2 Chron 7:16 See also Gen 6:6; 8:21; 1 Sam 13:14; Act 13:22) o His hands (Isa 14:27 See also 1 Chron 28:19; 29:14,16; Ps 45:4; Act 2:33-34; 1 Pet 3:22; 5:6) o His eyes (2 Chron 16:9 See also Deut 11:12; Prov 15:3; Am 9:8; Zech 4:10; 1 Pet 3:12; Ps 34:15) o His feet (Ezek 43:7 See also Deut 33:3; 2 Sam 22:10; Ps 18:9; Ps 45:5; Isa 60:13) o His arm (Isa 59:1; Jer 32:21 God’s arm is particularly used as a symbol of his power at the exodus. See also Exo 6:6; Deut 5:15; Job 40:9; Isa 51:9; 52:10; 63:5; Lk 1:51; Jn 12:38; Isa 53:1) o His mind (Rom 11:34 See also Isa 40:13; 1 Sam 15:29; Jer 7:31; Heb 7:21; Ps 110:4) Sensory forms o He hears (Ps 4:3 God’s hearing usually refers to his answering of prayer. See also Ge 16:11; 2 Chron 7:14; Ps 94:9; Lk 1:13; Jn 11:42; Heb 5:7) o He sees (Gen 16:13 See also Ge 1:4; 2 Chron 12:7; Neh 9:9; Prov 24:18; Ezek 8:1213; Jnh 3:10) o He smells (Gen 8:21 God’s smelling refers to his acceptance of sacrifices. See also Lev 1:9) Emotional forms: Note God’s emotions are not reactionary as he is omniscient. o He shows delight (Zep 3:17 See also Deut 30:9; Ps 149:4; Isa 5:7; 62:4) o He is compassionate (Jas 5:11 See also Ps 145:9; Isa 54:10; Hos 2:19; 11:8; 2 Cor 1:3) o He is angry (Ps 95:10-11 See also 2 Kgs 17:11; Ps 78:58; 106:29; Isa 5:25; 54:8) o He experiences pain (Gen 6:6 See also 1 Sam 15:11,35; 2 Sam 24:16; 1 Chron 21:15; Ezek 6:9) 12
Human action forms o He walks (Gen 3:8 See also Lev 26:12; 2 Cor 6:16) o He speaks (Deut 4:12 See also Job 40:6; Ps 29:3-9; 33:6,9; Ezek 1:24; Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; Act 7:6) o He rests (Gen 2:2 See also Exo 20:11; Heb 4:4) o He rides (Ps 68:4 See also Deut 33:26; 2 Sam 22:11; Ps 18:10; Ps 68:33; Hab 3:8) o He laughs (Ps 59:8 See also Ps 2:4; 37:13) o Other actions Isa 5:26 God whistles; Rev 3:20 God knocks
13
Bibliography Brisco, Thomas V. Holman Bible Atlas. Holman Reference. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998. Brown, Michael L. Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus: Messianic Prophecy Objections. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2003. Davis, John J. “The Patriarchs’ Knowledge of Jehovah: A Critical Monograph on Exodus 6:3.” Grace Journal 4 (1963): 28-42. Dorsey, David A. The Literary Structure of the Old Testament: A Commentary on Genesis – Malachi. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999. Freeman, Hobart E. “The Problem of the Efficacy of the Old Testament Sacrifices.” Grace Journal 4 (1963): 17-27. Garland, Anthony C. A Testimony of Jesus Christ: A Commentary on the Book of Revelation. http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/revelation/related-topics/millennialsacrifices.html# (accessed Feb 2, 2016). Geisler, Norman L., and William E. Nix. A General Introduction to the Bible. Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1986. Hager, Harry. “The Amazing Power of Unbelief in the World Today: A Sign of the Predicted Anti-Christian Revolt.” Bibliotheca Sacra 110 (1953): 160-175. Harris, R. Laird, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke, eds. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999. Hodge, Bodie. Tower of Babel: The Cultural History of our Ancestors. Green Forest, AZ: Master Books, 2013. Josephus, Flavius. The Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston. Green Forest, AZ: 2008. Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. Mission in the Old Testament: Israel as a Light to the Nations. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2000. ——. The Messiah in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995. ——. Toward an Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1978. Lockyer, Herbert. All the Messianic Prophecies of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1973.
14
McCabe, Robert V. “A Defense of Literal Days in the Creation Week.” Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal 5 (2000): 97-123. Merrill, Eugene H. Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel. Grand Rapid, MI: Baker Academic, 2008. ——., Mark E. Rooker, and Michael A. Grisanti. The World and the Word: An Introduction to the Old Testament. Nashville, TN: B&H Academic, 2011. Mounce, William D. Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006. Oswalt, John N. The Bible among the Myths: Unique Revelation or Just Ancient Literature? Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Tverberg, Lois, and Bruce Okkema. Listening to the Language of the Bible: Hearing it through Jesus’ Ears. Holland, MI: En-Gedi Resource Center, 2006. Walton, John H. Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006. Whitaker, Richard, Francis Brown, S.R. (Samuel Rolles) Driver, and Charles A. (Charles Augustus) Briggs. The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament: From A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by Francis Brown, S.R. Driver and Charles Briggs, Based on the Lexicon of Wilhelm Gesenius. Boston; New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1906. Wright, Christopher J. H. Knowing Jesus through the Old Testament. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992.
15
