Commercial & Ag Lending Conference 2017

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Commercial & Ag Lending Conference 2017 The Future of Lending: Leading Through Change Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Sumit Grover Director | Moody’s Analytics

Agenda

1. CRE Lending today 2. Risk Drivers for CRE 3. Review Moody’s Analytics Solution

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

CRE Lending Today

CRE Loans Have Become One of the Least Risky Asset Classes in Recent Months 14.00 Business

12.00

CRE

Delinquency Rate (%)

Mortgages

10.00

Credit Card

8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00

Quarterly Delinquency Rates: Bank Loans (1991-2016) Delinquent loans are those 30+ DPD, measured as a percentage of end-of-period loans. Sources: Federal Reserve, All Banks, NSA; NBER

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

The Amount of Problem CRE Loans Continues to Decline Noncurrent Loans to Loans Dec-09 Dec-10 Dec-11 Dec-12 Dec-13 Dec-14 Multifamily

Dec-15

CRE

C&D

Dec 16 0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

Source: FDIC (all insured institutions) Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Charge-offs Are Essentially Zero Quarterly Charge-Off Rates (Annualized): Bank Loans (1991-2016) 12.00

Annualized NCO Rate (%)

10.00 8.00

Business CRE Mortgages Credit Card

6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 Charge-offs are the value of loans removed from the books and charged against loss reserves, measured net of recoveries as a percentage of average loans; annualized. Sources: Federal Reserve, All Banks, NSA; NBER

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Price Growth in Major Markets Has Begun to Decelerate 40% 30%

200

20% 150

10%

100

0% -10%

50

YoY Change (December)

Prices (Dec ‘00 = 100)

250

-20%

0 Dec-01 Dec-03 Dec-05 Dec-07 Dec-09 Dec-11 Dec-13 Dec-15

-30%

Sources: RCA and Moody’s (National All-Property Composite Index) Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Risk Drivers for CRE

Needs in CRE Risk Assessment

Origination & Pre-Qualification

Monitoring Exposures

Capital Measurement

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Understanding CRE Risk Drivers Building a comprehensive picture

Location

Property

Debt

Borrower

Each neighborhood has unique characteristic and history of supporting rents. Demographics & Accessibility are strong indicators of potential resilience of the location

Each property is unique, the quality of building to the stability of tenants. From understanding leases to expenses, each factor can impact the risk profile

Too much debt can burden best of the properties. Stressing the market dynamics to understand potential LTV and DSC is crucial

What is a guarantee worth? The answer can vary greatly based on the relationship & borrowers capacity

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Risk Drivers for CRE: Location

Understanding Location Factors -

-

Traditional CRE Location factors -

Rent

-

Vacancies

-

Caprates

Using Demographics -

Location demographics and business activity

-

Location Growth & Development

-

Location specific activity variables that support CRE property type

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Property Income Growth in Gateway Cities » Gateway cities generally outperform the national average » Robust property level data available for gateway cities which helps with forecasting

Source: CBRE

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Regional Markets Are Volatile » Regional vacancy rates generally follow the national trend. » Multifamily vacancy rate is also more volatile in Greenville than in New York.

Source: CBRE Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Forecasting Property Performance for Fed Scenarios » The federal reserve 2017 scenarios for CCAR and DFAST were released earlier this year » GDP drop from peak-to-trough is forecasted at 6.6%, compared to 4.2% for great recession » Unemployment level change is similar to seen in ‘09-’10 timeframe

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

San Francisco Multifamily Income-Growth to Drop… 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% Income growth for multifamily properties in San Francisco CA

-6% -8% -10% 16

17F

18F

Baseline

Adverse

19F

20F

21F

Severely Adverse

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Columbus Fares Better 4% 2% 0% -2% -4%

Income growth for multifamily properties in Columbus OH

-6% -8% -10% -12% 16

17F Baseline

18F Adverse

19F 20F Severely Adverse

21F

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Demographics Can Provide Key Insights into Risk Profile Population Density Map

» We collect location attributes from census, social media, and other sources – Population statistics (population density, household income) – Business statistics (employ density, average salary, average business size, etc.) – Location popularity (foot traffic, amenity score) – Transportation (public transit, highway access) – Residential price index Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Highway Access Correlated With Stability » In a study spanning across 60 of the largest CRE markets across U.S., easy access to freeway proves most valuable regardless of property type Multifamily

Office

Retail

 Easy access to highway

 Easy access to highway

 Easy access to highway

 Easy access to public transit

 Large business size

 Easy access to public transit

 Close to work

 High foot traffic

 Low work density

 High household income

 High salary

 Low housing price

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Risk Drivers for CRE: Debt

Understanding Why Credit Events Happen in CRE Insufficient income (NOI) to make the mortgage payment • Rising vacancy and loss of rental income during recessions • Deterioration of certain neighborhoods or properties even during boom years

Perceived inability to sell the property for the loan amount • LTV comes into play when the borrower is having cash-flow problem or during the time to refinance

Lack of reserves and additional outside resources available to cover cash flow shortfalls • Both ability and willingness to pay shortfalls decrease during recessions • Size of shortfall likely to matter: $1 million >> $1000

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

22

75% LTV Loan 2.5x More Risky in SF… » »

»

Assuming a 75% LTV and 2.0 DSC (2% over LIBOR) for a Loan originating today Expected Loss on SF Multifamily is 2.5x compared to Columbus in Severely Adverse Scenario SF Properties much more risky as LTV quickly goes above 110% in severely adverse scenario

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Lets Increase the Leverage by 10% » Risk Increases by 60%, 45% and 40% respectively in Base, Adverse & Severe scenarios

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Risk Drivers for CRE: Borrower

Best Practices for Assessing the Borrower Combining quantitative & qualitative assessment

1. Assessing the financials & understanding the likelihood of default

2. Reviewing the relationship & other project/financial factors

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Using Financial Statement Data to Understand Risk Activity

Leverage

Profitability

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Incorporating Qualitative Factors for a Comprehensive Risk Assessment Other subjective factors to assess

» Sponsor Characteristics – Business profile/rating – Level of obligation and recourse – Management experience – Quality of financial information – Relationship

» Tenant characteristics – Business performance – Concentration Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

There Is A Lot on Your Plate… » CRE loans are gaining more attention from regulators and portfolio managers, especially given the increased concentrations » Analyzing each new deal and monitoring all exposures takes time and resources » Banks will soon (FY 2020) need to carry loan loss reserves that takes into account a broader scope of credit risk factors

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Moody’s Analytics Solutions

CMM® (Commercial Mortgage Metrics) An Overview  Probability of default and Loss Given Default Model for CRE Exposures  Used by financial institutions & regulators across US & Canada  Includes CRE data from CBRE and access to web application

Save your CRE portfolio on the Cloud and access from anywhere

Combine your CRE portfolio and macro forecast and instantly see the impact on risk measures

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

An App That Covers Over 88%* of the U.S. Commercial Real Estate Market Over 2200 neighborhoods across 78 large Metropolitans

Individualized forecast for All 388 US Metros Apartments

Retail Space

Industrial Building

Office Space

Hotels

*CMM covers 88.3% of the reported non-farm employment across 388 MSA’s in US. CMM does not cover specific commercial real estate properties in these locations

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

Contributing CRE Portfolio Data for Ongoing R&D Moody’s Analytics consortium delivers insight with your first contribution

Community Become a member of the largest community of CRE Lenders with private access to growing data sets and industry leading best practices.

Data Cleansing & Reporting

CRE Data Consortium Largest CRE whole loan database in the world

Understand data errors and gaps with our detailed data quality statistics checks and rank ordering reports, prepared with each submission

Peer Comparison Footprint Gain insights from your portfolio composition by analyzing peer group performance. The Portfolio Risk Report provides semi-annual comparison on property types, location, yields and default rates.

CRE Analytics & Modeling Supporting your internal modeling and validation needs

Rethinking Commercial Real Estate Risk

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