Community Noise Monitoring Wareside
Community Noise Monitoring Wareside
John Campbell – Campbell Associates Ltd
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Contents Page Number
1.0
Overview
2
2.0
Defining Aircraft Noise
4
3.0
Flights Arrivals and Departures
6
4.0
Number of Noise Events
7
4.1 Number of Aircraft Events per hour
8
4.2 Aircraft Noise Events by Aircraft Type
9
Maximum Noise Levels
10
5.1 Maximum levels by aircraft type
10
5.2 Maximum levels by day
11
5.3 Maximum levels by hour of the day
12
Noise Climate
14
6.1 LAeq average and L90 background noise
14
6.2 Average Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise
15
6.3 Lden values
16
Summary and Conclusions
17
5.0
6.0
7.0
Appendix 1 - Aircraft Type by IATA Code
18
Appendix 2 - Gate Penetration Graphs
20 1
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Community Noise Monitoring Wareside 1.0
Overview
Campbell Associates were commissioned by London Stansted Airport to undertake three months community noise monitoring to evaluate the impact of noise from Aircraft from Stansted Airport and provide a baseline for future noise monitoring. The monitoring dates were the 9th of January 2013 to the 20th of April 2013 The noise monitor was situated at the following address: The Elms, Wareside, Ware, Herts SG12 7RR. See figure 1, where the yellow pin mark identifies the location:
2
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
The instrumentation conforming to BS EN 61672 Class 1 was positioned in a large area of lawn to the side of the property. The measurement microphone was fixed to a tripod and located in the centre of the lawn, away from acoustic reflecting objects. See figure 2.
Figure 2 Measurement Microphone position
The noise monitor was located approximately 14.7km from London Stansted airport. See figure 3:
Figure 3 Measurement location 3
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
2.0
Defining Aircraft Noise
To establish the noise impact of aircraft on the community, the noise from Aircraft needs to be separated from other noise. To do this, the sound level data collected over the three month period was analyzed to find patterns in the data, which could be attributed to aircraft noise. To do this, the following threshold levels were set: Day (06.00-22.00) is 56 / 56 / 59 dB (Start level / Stop level / Maximum level), and a minimum time period of 10 seconds. Night is 53 / 53 / 56 dB (Start level / Stop level / Maximum level), and a minimum time period of 8 seconds. Any noise data, which fits this criterion, was identified and labeled as a ‘Noise Event’. The next stage was to attribute the noise event to individual aircraft arriving at, or departing from London Stansted Airport. To do this, a gate was defined (which can be seen in figure 4) and all Aircraft, which pass through the gate were identified by Aircraft type, flight number and with a date & time stamp. With the date & time stamp, it is possible to correlate a noise event to an aircraft to give us ‘Aircraft Noise Events’.
Figure 4 – Gate to identify aircraft overflying Wareside
4
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
The table in figure 5 below shows the number of Noise Events, Aircraft Noise Events, and flights in Flight Plan passing over Wareside, with the correlation rate.
Total noise events
5728
Aircraft Noise events
3580
Flights in flight plan
7116
Correlation rate
50.3%
Figure 5 – Correlation of Aircraft Noise Events
A Correlation rate of 50.3% is an acceptable rate for this monitoring project when the distance from the airport is taken into account. Measurements where noise monitors are closer to an airport will give greater correlation. This is because the sound level of the aircraft is greater as they are flying lower over the noise monitor. The gate in which they approach and depart the airport is also much narrower and they will be closer to the monitor. This makes them much easier to identify above other sounds in the vicinity of the noise monitor. The sound level from aircraft passing through the defined gate (seen in figure 4) on some days, especially when there was high wind, was too close to background noise to be able to identify as Aircraft Noise Events. Please note, the study only includes Aircraft flying to, or departing from London Stansted. Flights to and from other airports are not included.
5
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
3.0
Flight Arrivals and Departures
During the measurement period, the vast majority of movements over Wareside were arrivals, which correlates with typical runway usage. The breakdown is as follows, with Flight Plan being the ‘total movement’, and Aircraft Events being those that could be identified as ‘noise events’: Flight Plan •
Flight arrivals – 7113
•
Flight departures – 3
Aircraft Events
6
•
Flight arrivals – 3,580
•
Flight departures – 0
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
4.0
Number of Noise Events
The chart in figure 6 shows the number of Aircraft Noise Events per day. From the graph, it can be seen that the number of events varies significantly from day to day. This is mostly due to runway usage, but also due to efficiency of the correlation of Aircraft Noise Events. On some days, it was not possible to correlate Noise Events due to weather conditions generating high background noise levels. The number of Aircraft Noise Events per day varies greatly. Of the 102 days of monitoring, 33 days had no Aircraft Noise Events. The days with Aircraft Events, the numbers ranged from 1 to 92 events.
Figure 6: Number of Aircraft Noise Events 100
Number of Noise Events each day
90 80 70 60 50
40 30
20 10 0
7
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
4.1 Number of Aircraft events per hour Figure 7 shows the distribution of Aircraft by hour of the day.
Figure 7: Number of Aircraft Events per Hour
350
Number of Aircraft Events
300 250
200 150
100
50 0 0
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours of day
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
4.2
Aircraft Noise Events by Aircraft Type
Figure 8 shows the distribution of events by aircraft type. The majority of aircrafts are types 73H (Boeing 737-800) and 319 (Airbus 319). The Boeing 737-800 and Airbus 319 are the aircraft types used by Ryanair and Easyjet respectively, and are two of the major carriers operating from London Stansted.
2,500
Figure 8: Numbers of Aircraft Noise Events from Different Aircraft Types 2,000
1,500
1,000
0
73H 319 M1F 320 74N 73Y DH4 ABY AT7 74Y 76Y EM2 752 CCX 73W GS5 CCJ 318 77X CNJ 75W ER3 GRJ 142 143 763 76X AR1 CGX E90 H25 733 738 73P 744 D8Y DF3 DF7 EP1 GS4 P12 100 141 313 707 721 72W 73C 74L 762 77L APF AR8 CL6 D38 DA9 DF2 EP3 F50 GR2 HA4 LRJ MP1 MP2 S20 SFF
Number of Events
500
9
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
5.0
Maximum Noise Levels
During the measurement period the noise monitor also recorded the Maximum Sound Levels. For Aircraft monitoring, this is measured with A weighting and a slow network and is referred to as the LAS max 5.1 Maximum Levels by Aircraft Type For each Aircraft Noise Event, this maximum level is also reported, which can be seen in Figure 9 below by aircraft type. The maximum levels range from 57.6dB to 71.9dB LAS max and the most commonly used aircraft 73H and 319 had an average of maximum levels of 64.9dB and 66.8.1dB LAS max respectively.
80.0
Figure 9: Average value of Maximum Noise Level arising from different Aircraft Types
Average Value of max. Noise level / dBA
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
0.0
10
721 74Y 707 74L 74N 143 M1F 73P EP1 763 744 ABY 77X 319 DF2 320 318 72W 738 73W CCJ 73H DA9 F50 73Y 76X AT7 CGX E90 H25 142 762 GRJ 733 HA4 P12 76Y CCX DF7 APF 75W EP3 D8Y 752 CNJ GS4 141 DF3 100 ER3 DH4 AR1 GS5 GR2 LRJ EM2 313 73C S20 AR8 D38 MP2 MP1 77L SFF CL6
10.0
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
5.2
Maximum levels by day
Figure 10 below shows the average of the maximum levels by day of the monitoring period. Gaps in data were due to poor weather, where Aircraft Noise Events could not be identified or changes in runway usage on certain days. On some days, no aircraft passed through the Wareside gate identified in figure 4.
Figure 10: Average Value of Maximum Noise Levels of Aircraft Noise Events 68
66
62
60
99
93
96
87
90
81
84
75
78
72
69
63
66
57
60
54
49
43
46
37
40
31
34
25
28
19
22
13
16
7
10
56
3
58
0
Noise level / dBA
64
Day of measurement
11
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
5.3
Maximum levels by hour of the day
Figure 11 shows the spread of maximum noise levels by hour of the day.
Figure 11: Average Value of Maximum Noise Levels of Aircraft Noise Event per hour of day 70
Noise Levels / dBA
67.5 65 62.5 60
57.5 55 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours of day
Please note, the maximum noise levels are mostly dictated by the path of the aircraft and how closely they overflew the noise monitor. The gate, which can be seen from figure 4, shows that the aircraft can be some distance from the monitor. The maximum levels measured in this exercise should not be used as a means of establishing the noisiest aircraft.
12
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Figure 12 displays the distribution of maximum aircraft noise events:
Figure 12: Statistical Frequency Distribution of Maximum Noise Levels of Aircraft Noise 450 400
Number of Events
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 NOISE LEVEL / LAS MAX DB
13
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
6.0
Noise Climate
6.1
LAeq average and L90 background noise
Figure 13 displays the noise climate at the monitoring location displayed by hour of the day. This includes all noise for the complete monitoring period. It is expressed as an Leq value, which is the energetic average of all sound over each hourly period. In addition, there is an LA90 value plotted, which is a statistical calculation on the sound levels logged. The LA90 is the noise level, which is exceeded for 90% of the time. It is a value which is commonly used as an indicator for background noise at a given location.
Figure 13: Noise Climate total Noise (Leq) and background Noise (LA90) hour by hour 80.0 70.0
Noise Level / dBA
60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
6.2 Average Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise Figure 14 displays the average (LAeq) levels by hour again, but also displays the level attributed to aircraft noise by hour. This is calculated by combining the Aircraft Noise Events during the monitoring period. This value is then subtracted from the Total Noise to give a Residual Noise, which is the level you would expect if the Aircraft Noise Events are removed. Figure 14: Noise Climate showing average values for each hour of Total Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise (LAeq)
Figure 14: Noise Climate showing average values for each hour of day of total noise, aircraft noise and residual noise (LAeqs) Aircraft
80.0
Noise Total Noise
60.0
Residual Noise LA90
Noise Levels / dBA
70.0
50.0
40.0 30.0
20.0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
10.0 0.0
15
22 23
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
6.3 Lden values The table in figure 14 below shows the levels as expressed as an Lden value. The Lden is a Noise Metric, which is a 24 hour average (LAeq) normally calculated for an annual period. It includes a 5 dB weighting for evening periods, and a 10 dB weighting for night periods. The periods are broken down as can be seen in table 14. The Lden is an indicator, which is being increasingly used as an expression of the long term noise climate at a given location. This has been expressed in the table below for Total Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise.
Total Noise – Lden 54.7 dB Day 07.00 -19.00
= 53.2 dB(A)
Evening 19.00-23.00 = 45.4 dB(A) Night 23.00 – 07.00 = 47.1dB(A) Aircraft Noise – Lden 51.4 dB Day 07.00 -19.00
= 49.4dB(A)
Evening 19.00-23.00 = 42.9dB(A) Night 23.00 – 07.00 = 44.0dB(A) Residual Noise – Lden 52.0 dB Day 07.00 -19.00
= 50.9 dB(A)
Evening 19.00-23.00= 41.7 dB(A) Night 23.00 – 07.00 = 44.3 dB(A) Figure 14 – Lden values
16
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
7.0
Summary and Conclusions
The community noise monitoring has been a useful exercise to establish:
The impact of Aircraft Noise from London Stansted Airport on Wareside It is possible to measure Aircraft Noise Events at Wareside and correlate this with aircrafts associated to Stansted Airport The number of Aircraft Noise Events varies greatly with runway usage Main reason for Aircraft Events are arrivals to Stansted Airport, which peak at 09.00 and between 13.00 and 17.00 A baseline, which can be used for any future Noise Monitoring in the Wareside community
17
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Appendix 1 Aircraft Type by IATA Code IATA Code 73H 319 AT7 733 DH4 73Y M1F 320 74Y ER3 CNJ 142 74N ABY 738
ICAO Code
GRJ
n/a
76Y GS5 CCJ E90 73W 76X AR8 CCX CL6 DF3 77X
B763
Manufacturer and aircraft type/ model
B738
Boeing 737-800 (winglets) pax
A319
Airbus A319
AT72
Aerospatiale/Alenia ATR 72
B733
Boeing 737-300 pax
DH8D
De Havilland Canada DHC-8-400 Dash 8Q
B733
Boeing 737-300 Freighter
MD11
McDonnell Douglas MD11 Freighter
A320
Airbus A320-100/200
B744
Boeing 747-400 Freighter
E135
Embraer RJ135
n/a
Cessna Citation
B462
BAe 146-200 Pax 747 - 800 (Freighter)
A306
Airbus Industrie A600-600 Freighter
B738
Boeing 737-800 pax Gulfstream Aerospace G-1159 Gulfstream II / III / IV / V Boeing 767-300 Freighter Gulfstream 5
CL60
Canadair Challenger
E190
Embraer 190
B737
Boeing 737-700 (winglets) pax
B762
Boeing 767-200 Freighter
RJ85
Avro RJ85 Avroliner
GLEX
Canadair Global Express Challenger 604/605
DC3
Douglas DC-3 Freighter
B762
DF2
n/a
752 EM2 GS4
B752
Boeing 767-200 Freighter Dassault (Breguet Mystere) Falcon 10 / 100 / 20 / 200 / 2000 Boeing 757-200 pax
E120
Embraer EMB.120 Brasilia
GLF4
SWM
n/a
Gulfstream 4 Fairchild (Swearingen) SA26 / SA226 / SA227 Metro / Merlin / Expediter
14Z H25 LRJ 763 D38 E70 EP1 318 321 73C CJT CN7
B463
18
BAe 146 Freighter (-200QT & QC)
n/a
British Aerospace (Hawker Siddeley) HS.125
n/a
Gates Learjet
B763
Boeing 767-300 pax
D328
Fairchild Dornier Do.328
E170
Embraer 170 Embraer Phenom 100
A318
Airbus A318
A321
Airbus A321-100/200 737-300 (Winglets) Cessna Jet Cessna Citation 750x
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
F50 L45 L60 PA2 722 735 73G 74L 75W APF CCL CJ2 FRJ P12 SFF 332 63M 744 762 A4F AR1 BE2 CGX CXL DA5 DAF DF7 ER4 ERJ F27 G20 GS2 GS3 LOF LOH M83 PR1
F50
Fokker 50 Learjet 45 Learjet 60
n/a
Piper light aircraft - twin piston engines
B722
Boeing 727-200 pax
B735
Boeing 737-500 pax
B737
Boeing 737-700 pax
N74S
Boeing 747SP 757-200 (Winglets) ATP - freighter Challenger 600 Series Cesna citation CJ2
J328
Fairchild Dornier 328JET Pilatus PC-12 SAAB 340 Freighter
A332
Airbus A330-200 Boeing globemaster 3
B744
Boeing 747-400 pax
B762
Boeing 767-200 pax
A124
Antonov AN-124 Ruslan
RJ1H
Avro RJ100 Avroliner
n/a
Beechcraft twin piston engines Global Express Falcon 50 Dassant Falcon (Generic) Falcon 7x
E145
Embraer RJ145 Amazon
n/a
Embraer RJ135 / RJ140 / RJ145
F27
Fokker F.27 Friendship / Fairchild F.27 Gulfstream galaxy 200 Gulfstream 2 Gulfstream 3
L188
Lockheed L-188 Electra Freighter
C130
Lockheed L-182 / 282 / 382 (L-100) Hercules
MD83
McDonnell Douglas MD83 Premier 1
19
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Appendix 2 Gate Penetration Graphs for Wareside
20
John Campbell – Campbell Associates Ltd
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Contents Page Number
1.0
Overview
2
2.0
Defining Aircraft Noise
4
3.0
Flights Arrivals and Departures
6
4.0
Number of Noise Events
7
4.1 Number of Aircraft Events per hour
8
4.2 Aircraft Noise Events by Aircraft Type
9
Maximum Noise Levels
10
5.1 Maximum levels by aircraft type
10
5.2 Maximum levels by day
11
5.3 Maximum levels by hour of the day
12
Noise Climate
14
6.1 LAeq average and L90 background noise
14
6.2 Average Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise
15
6.3 Lden values
16
Summary and Conclusions
17
5.0
6.0
7.0
Appendix 1 - Aircraft Type by IATA Code
18
Appendix 2 - Gate Penetration Graphs
20 1
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Community Noise Monitoring Wareside 1.0
Overview
Campbell Associates were commissioned by London Stansted Airport to undertake three months community noise monitoring to evaluate the impact of noise from Aircraft from Stansted Airport and provide a baseline for future noise monitoring. The monitoring dates were the 9th of January 2013 to the 20th of April 2013 The noise monitor was situated at the following address: The Elms, Wareside, Ware, Herts SG12 7RR. See figure 1, where the yellow pin mark identifies the location:
2
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
The instrumentation conforming to BS EN 61672 Class 1 was positioned in a large area of lawn to the side of the property. The measurement microphone was fixed to a tripod and located in the centre of the lawn, away from acoustic reflecting objects. See figure 2.
Figure 2 Measurement Microphone position
The noise monitor was located approximately 14.7km from London Stansted airport. See figure 3:
Figure 3 Measurement location 3
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
2.0
Defining Aircraft Noise
To establish the noise impact of aircraft on the community, the noise from Aircraft needs to be separated from other noise. To do this, the sound level data collected over the three month period was analyzed to find patterns in the data, which could be attributed to aircraft noise. To do this, the following threshold levels were set: Day (06.00-22.00) is 56 / 56 / 59 dB (Start level / Stop level / Maximum level), and a minimum time period of 10 seconds. Night is 53 / 53 / 56 dB (Start level / Stop level / Maximum level), and a minimum time period of 8 seconds. Any noise data, which fits this criterion, was identified and labeled as a ‘Noise Event’. The next stage was to attribute the noise event to individual aircraft arriving at, or departing from London Stansted Airport. To do this, a gate was defined (which can be seen in figure 4) and all Aircraft, which pass through the gate were identified by Aircraft type, flight number and with a date & time stamp. With the date & time stamp, it is possible to correlate a noise event to an aircraft to give us ‘Aircraft Noise Events’.
Figure 4 – Gate to identify aircraft overflying Wareside
4
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
The table in figure 5 below shows the number of Noise Events, Aircraft Noise Events, and flights in Flight Plan passing over Wareside, with the correlation rate.
Total noise events
5728
Aircraft Noise events
3580
Flights in flight plan
7116
Correlation rate
50.3%
Figure 5 – Correlation of Aircraft Noise Events
A Correlation rate of 50.3% is an acceptable rate for this monitoring project when the distance from the airport is taken into account. Measurements where noise monitors are closer to an airport will give greater correlation. This is because the sound level of the aircraft is greater as they are flying lower over the noise monitor. The gate in which they approach and depart the airport is also much narrower and they will be closer to the monitor. This makes them much easier to identify above other sounds in the vicinity of the noise monitor. The sound level from aircraft passing through the defined gate (seen in figure 4) on some days, especially when there was high wind, was too close to background noise to be able to identify as Aircraft Noise Events. Please note, the study only includes Aircraft flying to, or departing from London Stansted. Flights to and from other airports are not included.
5
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
3.0
Flight Arrivals and Departures
During the measurement period, the vast majority of movements over Wareside were arrivals, which correlates with typical runway usage. The breakdown is as follows, with Flight Plan being the ‘total movement’, and Aircraft Events being those that could be identified as ‘noise events’: Flight Plan •
Flight arrivals – 7113
•
Flight departures – 3
Aircraft Events
6
•
Flight arrivals – 3,580
•
Flight departures – 0
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
4.0
Number of Noise Events
The chart in figure 6 shows the number of Aircraft Noise Events per day. From the graph, it can be seen that the number of events varies significantly from day to day. This is mostly due to runway usage, but also due to efficiency of the correlation of Aircraft Noise Events. On some days, it was not possible to correlate Noise Events due to weather conditions generating high background noise levels. The number of Aircraft Noise Events per day varies greatly. Of the 102 days of monitoring, 33 days had no Aircraft Noise Events. The days with Aircraft Events, the numbers ranged from 1 to 92 events.
Figure 6: Number of Aircraft Noise Events 100
Number of Noise Events each day
90 80 70 60 50
40 30
20 10 0
7
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
4.1 Number of Aircraft events per hour Figure 7 shows the distribution of Aircraft by hour of the day.
Figure 7: Number of Aircraft Events per Hour
350
Number of Aircraft Events
300 250
200 150
100
50 0 0
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours of day
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
4.2
Aircraft Noise Events by Aircraft Type
Figure 8 shows the distribution of events by aircraft type. The majority of aircrafts are types 73H (Boeing 737-800) and 319 (Airbus 319). The Boeing 737-800 and Airbus 319 are the aircraft types used by Ryanair and Easyjet respectively, and are two of the major carriers operating from London Stansted.
2,500
Figure 8: Numbers of Aircraft Noise Events from Different Aircraft Types 2,000
1,500
1,000
0
73H 319 M1F 320 74N 73Y DH4 ABY AT7 74Y 76Y EM2 752 CCX 73W GS5 CCJ 318 77X CNJ 75W ER3 GRJ 142 143 763 76X AR1 CGX E90 H25 733 738 73P 744 D8Y DF3 DF7 EP1 GS4 P12 100 141 313 707 721 72W 73C 74L 762 77L APF AR8 CL6 D38 DA9 DF2 EP3 F50 GR2 HA4 LRJ MP1 MP2 S20 SFF
Number of Events
500
9
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
5.0
Maximum Noise Levels
During the measurement period the noise monitor also recorded the Maximum Sound Levels. For Aircraft monitoring, this is measured with A weighting and a slow network and is referred to as the LAS max 5.1 Maximum Levels by Aircraft Type For each Aircraft Noise Event, this maximum level is also reported, which can be seen in Figure 9 below by aircraft type. The maximum levels range from 57.6dB to 71.9dB LAS max and the most commonly used aircraft 73H and 319 had an average of maximum levels of 64.9dB and 66.8.1dB LAS max respectively.
80.0
Figure 9: Average value of Maximum Noise Level arising from different Aircraft Types
Average Value of max. Noise level / dBA
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
0.0
10
721 74Y 707 74L 74N 143 M1F 73P EP1 763 744 ABY 77X 319 DF2 320 318 72W 738 73W CCJ 73H DA9 F50 73Y 76X AT7 CGX E90 H25 142 762 GRJ 733 HA4 P12 76Y CCX DF7 APF 75W EP3 D8Y 752 CNJ GS4 141 DF3 100 ER3 DH4 AR1 GS5 GR2 LRJ EM2 313 73C S20 AR8 D38 MP2 MP1 77L SFF CL6
10.0
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
5.2
Maximum levels by day
Figure 10 below shows the average of the maximum levels by day of the monitoring period. Gaps in data were due to poor weather, where Aircraft Noise Events could not be identified or changes in runway usage on certain days. On some days, no aircraft passed through the Wareside gate identified in figure 4.
Figure 10: Average Value of Maximum Noise Levels of Aircraft Noise Events 68
66
62
60
99
93
96
87
90
81
84
75
78
72
69
63
66
57
60
54
49
43
46
37
40
31
34
25
28
19
22
13
16
7
10
56
3
58
0
Noise level / dBA
64
Day of measurement
11
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
5.3
Maximum levels by hour of the day
Figure 11 shows the spread of maximum noise levels by hour of the day.
Figure 11: Average Value of Maximum Noise Levels of Aircraft Noise Event per hour of day 70
Noise Levels / dBA
67.5 65 62.5 60
57.5 55 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours of day
Please note, the maximum noise levels are mostly dictated by the path of the aircraft and how closely they overflew the noise monitor. The gate, which can be seen from figure 4, shows that the aircraft can be some distance from the monitor. The maximum levels measured in this exercise should not be used as a means of establishing the noisiest aircraft.
12
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Figure 12 displays the distribution of maximum aircraft noise events:
Figure 12: Statistical Frequency Distribution of Maximum Noise Levels of Aircraft Noise 450 400
Number of Events
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 NOISE LEVEL / LAS MAX DB
13
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
6.0
Noise Climate
6.1
LAeq average and L90 background noise
Figure 13 displays the noise climate at the monitoring location displayed by hour of the day. This includes all noise for the complete monitoring period. It is expressed as an Leq value, which is the energetic average of all sound over each hourly period. In addition, there is an LA90 value plotted, which is a statistical calculation on the sound levels logged. The LA90 is the noise level, which is exceeded for 90% of the time. It is a value which is commonly used as an indicator for background noise at a given location.
Figure 13: Noise Climate total Noise (Leq) and background Noise (LA90) hour by hour 80.0 70.0
Noise Level / dBA
60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
6.2 Average Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise Figure 14 displays the average (LAeq) levels by hour again, but also displays the level attributed to aircraft noise by hour. This is calculated by combining the Aircraft Noise Events during the monitoring period. This value is then subtracted from the Total Noise to give a Residual Noise, which is the level you would expect if the Aircraft Noise Events are removed. Figure 14: Noise Climate showing average values for each hour of Total Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise (LAeq)
Figure 14: Noise Climate showing average values for each hour of day of total noise, aircraft noise and residual noise (LAeqs) Aircraft
80.0
Noise Total Noise
60.0
Residual Noise LA90
Noise Levels / dBA
70.0
50.0
40.0 30.0
20.0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
10.0 0.0
15
22 23
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
6.3 Lden values The table in figure 14 below shows the levels as expressed as an Lden value. The Lden is a Noise Metric, which is a 24 hour average (LAeq) normally calculated for an annual period. It includes a 5 dB weighting for evening periods, and a 10 dB weighting for night periods. The periods are broken down as can be seen in table 14. The Lden is an indicator, which is being increasingly used as an expression of the long term noise climate at a given location. This has been expressed in the table below for Total Noise, Aircraft Noise and Residual Noise.
Total Noise – Lden 54.7 dB Day 07.00 -19.00
= 53.2 dB(A)
Evening 19.00-23.00 = 45.4 dB(A) Night 23.00 – 07.00 = 47.1dB(A) Aircraft Noise – Lden 51.4 dB Day 07.00 -19.00
= 49.4dB(A)
Evening 19.00-23.00 = 42.9dB(A) Night 23.00 – 07.00 = 44.0dB(A) Residual Noise – Lden 52.0 dB Day 07.00 -19.00
= 50.9 dB(A)
Evening 19.00-23.00= 41.7 dB(A) Night 23.00 – 07.00 = 44.3 dB(A) Figure 14 – Lden values
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Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
7.0
Summary and Conclusions
The community noise monitoring has been a useful exercise to establish:
The impact of Aircraft Noise from London Stansted Airport on Wareside It is possible to measure Aircraft Noise Events at Wareside and correlate this with aircrafts associated to Stansted Airport The number of Aircraft Noise Events varies greatly with runway usage Main reason for Aircraft Events are arrivals to Stansted Airport, which peak at 09.00 and between 13.00 and 17.00 A baseline, which can be used for any future Noise Monitoring in the Wareside community
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Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Appendix 1 Aircraft Type by IATA Code IATA Code 73H 319 AT7 733 DH4 73Y M1F 320 74Y ER3 CNJ 142 74N ABY 738
ICAO Code
GRJ
n/a
76Y GS5 CCJ E90 73W 76X AR8 CCX CL6 DF3 77X
B763
Manufacturer and aircraft type/ model
B738
Boeing 737-800 (winglets) pax
A319
Airbus A319
AT72
Aerospatiale/Alenia ATR 72
B733
Boeing 737-300 pax
DH8D
De Havilland Canada DHC-8-400 Dash 8Q
B733
Boeing 737-300 Freighter
MD11
McDonnell Douglas MD11 Freighter
A320
Airbus A320-100/200
B744
Boeing 747-400 Freighter
E135
Embraer RJ135
n/a
Cessna Citation
B462
BAe 146-200 Pax 747 - 800 (Freighter)
A306
Airbus Industrie A600-600 Freighter
B738
Boeing 737-800 pax Gulfstream Aerospace G-1159 Gulfstream II / III / IV / V Boeing 767-300 Freighter Gulfstream 5
CL60
Canadair Challenger
E190
Embraer 190
B737
Boeing 737-700 (winglets) pax
B762
Boeing 767-200 Freighter
RJ85
Avro RJ85 Avroliner
GLEX
Canadair Global Express Challenger 604/605
DC3
Douglas DC-3 Freighter
B762
DF2
n/a
752 EM2 GS4
B752
Boeing 767-200 Freighter Dassault (Breguet Mystere) Falcon 10 / 100 / 20 / 200 / 2000 Boeing 757-200 pax
E120
Embraer EMB.120 Brasilia
GLF4
SWM
n/a
Gulfstream 4 Fairchild (Swearingen) SA26 / SA226 / SA227 Metro / Merlin / Expediter
14Z H25 LRJ 763 D38 E70 EP1 318 321 73C CJT CN7
B463
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BAe 146 Freighter (-200QT & QC)
n/a
British Aerospace (Hawker Siddeley) HS.125
n/a
Gates Learjet
B763
Boeing 767-300 pax
D328
Fairchild Dornier Do.328
E170
Embraer 170 Embraer Phenom 100
A318
Airbus A318
A321
Airbus A321-100/200 737-300 (Winglets) Cessna Jet Cessna Citation 750x
Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
F50 L45 L60 PA2 722 735 73G 74L 75W APF CCL CJ2 FRJ P12 SFF 332 63M 744 762 A4F AR1 BE2 CGX CXL DA5 DAF DF7 ER4 ERJ F27 G20 GS2 GS3 LOF LOH M83 PR1
F50
Fokker 50 Learjet 45 Learjet 60
n/a
Piper light aircraft - twin piston engines
B722
Boeing 727-200 pax
B735
Boeing 737-500 pax
B737
Boeing 737-700 pax
N74S
Boeing 747SP 757-200 (Winglets) ATP - freighter Challenger 600 Series Cesna citation CJ2
J328
Fairchild Dornier 328JET Pilatus PC-12 SAAB 340 Freighter
A332
Airbus A330-200 Boeing globemaster 3
B744
Boeing 747-400 pax
B762
Boeing 767-200 pax
A124
Antonov AN-124 Ruslan
RJ1H
Avro RJ100 Avroliner
n/a
Beechcraft twin piston engines Global Express Falcon 50 Dassant Falcon (Generic) Falcon 7x
E145
Embraer RJ145 Amazon
n/a
Embraer RJ135 / RJ140 / RJ145
F27
Fokker F.27 Friendship / Fairchild F.27 Gulfstream galaxy 200 Gulfstream 2 Gulfstream 3
L188
Lockheed L-188 Electra Freighter
C130
Lockheed L-182 / 282 / 382 (L-100) Hercules
MD83
McDonnell Douglas MD83 Premier 1
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Wareside Community Noise Monitoring
Appendix 2 Gate Penetration Graphs for Wareside
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