Copper Sludge from Printed Circuit Board Production/Recycling for ...
Copper Sludge from Printed Circuit Board Production/Recycling for Ceramic Materials: A Quantitative Analysis of Copper Transformation and Immobilization
Yuanyuan Tang1, Po-Heng Lee2 and Kaimin Shih1,* 1
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
* Corresponding authors: Tel: +852-28591973; Fax: +852-25595337; E-mail address: [email protected]
Supporting Information Including 1 table and 7 figures
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Table S1 Chemical composition (wt %) of USP-grade acid-washed kaolin powder Composition Weight Percentage (wt %) SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 SnO2 Na2O CaO K2O MgO CoO Cr2O3 ZnO NiO Loss on ignition: 13.8%.
45.1 38.7 0.60 0.58 0.52 0.41 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
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SnO2 Fe2O3 CaO SiO2 1.07% 1.31%1.69% 3.25%
Volatiles 59.2%
Al2O3 5.03% CuO 28.4%
Figure S1. Major compositions of the dehydrated industrial copper waste sludge used in the study. The elemental compositions of the sludge were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and expressed as the basic metal oxide forms.
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Figure S2. XRD pattern of the copper industrial waste sludge after being dried at 105oC in air. The crystalline phases are identified as: ―Cu4(SO4)(OH)6(H2O) (ICDD PDF#83-1410); ―Ca(SO4)(H2O)2 (ICDD PDF#70-0982); ―Cu2(OH)2CO3 (ICDD PDF#76-0660); ―SiO2 (ICDD PDF#82-1569); ―CuO (ICDD PDF#80-1916); ―Fe3O4 (ICDD PDF#0866).
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Figure S3. XRD pattern of the USP-grade acid-washed kaolin powder used as a sintering raw material in this study. The vertical bars at the bottom of the pattern are the standard Bragg positions of kaolinite (ICDD PDF#78-1996).
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Figure S4. The CaF2-added XRD pattern of the copper sludge + kaolinite precursor sample sintered at 750oC for 3 h.
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Figure S5. The CaF2-added XRD pattern of the copper sludge + mullite precursor sample sintered at 1250oC for 3 h.
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Figure S6. Rietveld refinement result for the copper sludge + kaolinite precursor sample sintered at 750oC for 3 h. The CaF2 was added as the internal standard. The scanned value (obs.), the refined value (cal.) and the difference (diff) are indicated in the figure. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) of this refinement is 1.75.
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Figure S7. Rietveld refinement result for the copper sludge + mullite precursor sample sintered at 1250oC for 3 h. The CaF2 was added as the internal standard. The scanned value (obs.), the refined value (cal.) and the difference (diff) are indicated in the figure. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) of this refinement is 1.83.
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Yuanyuan Tang1, Po-Heng Lee2 and Kaimin Shih1,* 1
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
* Corresponding authors: Tel: +852-28591973; Fax: +852-25595337; E-mail address: [email protected]
Supporting Information Including 1 table and 7 figures
S1
Table S1 Chemical composition (wt %) of USP-grade acid-washed kaolin powder Composition Weight Percentage (wt %) SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 SnO2 Na2O CaO K2O MgO CoO Cr2O3 ZnO NiO Loss on ignition: 13.8%.
45.1 38.7 0.60 0.58 0.52 0.41 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
S2
SnO2 Fe2O3 CaO SiO2 1.07% 1.31%1.69% 3.25%
Volatiles 59.2%
Al2O3 5.03% CuO 28.4%
Figure S1. Major compositions of the dehydrated industrial copper waste sludge used in the study. The elemental compositions of the sludge were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and expressed as the basic metal oxide forms.
S3
Figure S2. XRD pattern of the copper industrial waste sludge after being dried at 105oC in air. The crystalline phases are identified as: ―Cu4(SO4)(OH)6(H2O) (ICDD PDF#83-1410); ―Ca(SO4)(H2O)2 (ICDD PDF#70-0982); ―Cu2(OH)2CO3 (ICDD PDF#76-0660); ―SiO2 (ICDD PDF#82-1569); ―CuO (ICDD PDF#80-1916); ―Fe3O4 (ICDD PDF#0866).
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Figure S3. XRD pattern of the USP-grade acid-washed kaolin powder used as a sintering raw material in this study. The vertical bars at the bottom of the pattern are the standard Bragg positions of kaolinite (ICDD PDF#78-1996).
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Figure S4. The CaF2-added XRD pattern of the copper sludge + kaolinite precursor sample sintered at 750oC for 3 h.
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Figure S5. The CaF2-added XRD pattern of the copper sludge + mullite precursor sample sintered at 1250oC for 3 h.
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Figure S6. Rietveld refinement result for the copper sludge + kaolinite precursor sample sintered at 750oC for 3 h. The CaF2 was added as the internal standard. The scanned value (obs.), the refined value (cal.) and the difference (diff) are indicated in the figure. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) of this refinement is 1.75.
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Figure S7. Rietveld refinement result for the copper sludge + mullite precursor sample sintered at 1250oC for 3 h. The CaF2 was added as the internal standard. The scanned value (obs.), the refined value (cal.) and the difference (diff) are indicated in the figure. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) of this refinement is 1.83.
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