Dally R USC Presentation
An Overview of PV & Storage Presented at SEPA Utility Solar Conference April 28, 2015
Governor’s Office of Energy www.energy.nv.gov
Robert Dally Renewable Energy Program Manager
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Mission Nevada Governor’s Office of Energy (GOE) •
Ensure wise development of Nevada's energy resources in harmony with local economic needs
•
Position Nevada to lead the nation in renewable energy production, energy conservation, and the transportation of energy
•
GOE implements the laws of the State as defined by Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS)
•
Manage energy-related programs, facilitate cooperation between key stakeholders, and collaborate with local, regional, and federal partners to ensure a reliable and sustainable energy system
•
Advise the Governor on energy policy
Mission Nevada Governor’s Office of Energy (GOE) •
Ensure wise development of Nevada's energy resources in harmony with local economic needs
•
Position Nevada to lead the nation in renewable energy production, energy conservation, and the transportation of energy
•
GOE implements the laws of the State as defined by Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS)
•
Manage energy-related programs, facilitate cooperation between key stakeholders, and collaborate with local, regional, and federal partners to ensure a reliable and sustainable energy system
•
Advise the Governor on energy policy
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile • No personal or corporate income tax
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile • No personal or corporate income tax • Abundance of natural renewable energy resources such as geothermal, hydro, solar , some wind and… minerals
Few Facts about Nevada • Nevada State Office of Energy created in 1970 due to the Middle East “energy crisis” GOE’s Programs Renewable Energy Tax Abatement Program Revolving Loan Program State Energy Program (SEP) – Formula Grant and Competitive Grant Performance Contract Audit Assistance Program Public Facilities & Commercial Retrofit Grants EnergyFit Nevada Program International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) The Home Energy Retrofit Opportunity for Seniors (HEROS) LEED Tax Abatement Program
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Importance of Storage We need storage with our PV because… … our electric load is 24/7
Importance of Storage High penetration PV looks like this…
without storage… and like this…
with storage
Importance of Storage In the early 1980s while working my first engineering job at Arco Solar in Los Angeles… • My on-grid house had 2kW of PV panels, a bank of 12V batteries, some 12V lights and a 12V swamp cooler • One night my local grid went down
Yet my DC lights stayed on! • Utility linemen came to troubleshoot the telephone pole across the street
• After about an hour they knocked on my door and asked… “Why are your lights on?”
Importance of Storage PV + Storage works technically and economically for stand alone (and float alone) systems…
Importance of Storage … including systems for walk alone, drive alone, and fly alone.
Importance of Storage A major market for Arco Solar in the early 1980s was rural electrification for farmers of developing countries PV, battery, charge controller, lights, radio, and TV Q: How could farmers in developing nations afford very expensive, off-grid, battery storage PV systems?
A: Government Policy • Lights allowed farm children to read, study, and learn at night and work the fields during the day • Higher crop yield fed citizens and enhanced export income • The economics worked
Importance of Storage A major market for Arco Solar in the early 1980s was rural electrification for farmers of developing countries PV, battery, charge controller, lights, radio, and TV Q: How could farmers in developing nations afford very expensive, off-grid, battery storage PV systems?
A: Government Policy • Lights allowed farm children to read, study, and learn at night and work the fields during the day • Higher crop yield fed citizens and enhanced export income • The economics worked
Importance of Storage Typical Daily Load Profile for a Community
Importance of Storage 3% supplied by PV Load profile remains unchanged Base load generation adjusts accordingly
Importance of Storage 7% supplied by PV
Importance of Storage 12% supplied by PV
Importance of Storage 20% supplied by PV “Duck Curve” taking shape
Importance of Storage 20% supplied by PV “Duck Curve” taking flight The Looming Duck of Doom
Importance of Storage 26% supplied by PV Requires rapid shut down & ramp up of base load generators
Importance of Storage 33% potentially supplied by PV But only 30% useable PV over-producing 3%. Pay PV generator to curtail production?
Importance of Storage 33% potentially supplied by PV Out of control, overweight “Duck Curve” begs for Energy Storage The Fois Gras Duck of Doom
Importance of Storage 100% potentially supplied by PV But only 39% useable Requires Energy Storage to spread the PV over a 24 hour period
We’re hitting a brick wall! 61%
39%
Importance of Storage PV + Battery Storage •
Yields a controlled, variable (as needed) supply •
PV + battery follow load. Traditional source stays steady & constant
Importance of Storage Needed for grid (load & local PV production)
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (way back when, PV only) (Simple 2% DCF) $8.00/Wdc + $0.50/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (not so long ago, PV only) $4.00/Wdc + $0.25/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (today, PV only) $1.60/Wdc + $0.12/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (add storage at assumed $2/W) $3.60/Wdc + $0.12/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (add storage & O&M replacement both at $2/W) $3.60/Wdc + $2.12/W Batt & Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (add storage & O&M replacement both at $4/W) $5.60/Wdc + $4.12/W Batt & Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Storage Options for PV Difficult for solar to have seasonal storage Excessive volume & cost Batteries ~180 times larger & costlier than simple daily cycling
Charge batteries for 6 months!?…
… and discharge them over 6 months!!!???
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Storage Options for PV • Electric Battery Fuel Cell
• Mass MGH • Weights • Water (pump storage)
Dynamic • Flywheels
• Fuel Generation Hydrogen
• Thermal Steam Turbine Hot & Cold (HVAC)
• EIM (Energy Imbalance Mkt) …sort of
• Back up Fuel
Natural Gas??? Hydro Wind Geothermal
Storage Options for PV • Back up Fuel Geo & PV seasonally compliment each other
Storage Options for PV • Back up Fuel Geo & PV seasonally compliment each other
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Summary We talked about… • Need
Energy storage for PV
• Technology
e-, mass, fuel, thermal, backup gen
• Economics
Lower the costs & level the playing field
• Why?
PV penetration, reliability, posterity
• What?
Reliable & sustainable PV
• How?
Policy, technology, cost/price
• Who?
Government, industry, society
• When?
Yesterday? Today? Tomorrow?
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Governor’s Office of Energy www.energy.nv.gov
Robert Dally Renewable Energy Program Manager
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Mission Nevada Governor’s Office of Energy (GOE) •
Ensure wise development of Nevada's energy resources in harmony with local economic needs
•
Position Nevada to lead the nation in renewable energy production, energy conservation, and the transportation of energy
•
GOE implements the laws of the State as defined by Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS)
•
Manage energy-related programs, facilitate cooperation between key stakeholders, and collaborate with local, regional, and federal partners to ensure a reliable and sustainable energy system
•
Advise the Governor on energy policy
Mission Nevada Governor’s Office of Energy (GOE) •
Ensure wise development of Nevada's energy resources in harmony with local economic needs
•
Position Nevada to lead the nation in renewable energy production, energy conservation, and the transportation of energy
•
GOE implements the laws of the State as defined by Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS)
•
Manage energy-related programs, facilitate cooperation between key stakeholders, and collaborate with local, regional, and federal partners to ensure a reliable and sustainable energy system
•
Advise the Governor on energy policy
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile • No personal or corporate income tax
Few Facts about Nevada • 2nd most mountainous state (Alaska #1)
• 151 years of statehood this October 31 • Mark Twain moved to Virginia City 1862 • aka Silver State, Battle-Born State, Sagebrush State • The only state with a complete fossilized skeleton - approximately 55 feet long - of an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile • No personal or corporate income tax • Abundance of natural renewable energy resources such as geothermal, hydro, solar , some wind and… minerals
Few Facts about Nevada • Nevada State Office of Energy created in 1970 due to the Middle East “energy crisis” GOE’s Programs Renewable Energy Tax Abatement Program Revolving Loan Program State Energy Program (SEP) – Formula Grant and Competitive Grant Performance Contract Audit Assistance Program Public Facilities & Commercial Retrofit Grants EnergyFit Nevada Program International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) The Home Energy Retrofit Opportunity for Seniors (HEROS) LEED Tax Abatement Program
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Importance of Storage We need storage with our PV because… … our electric load is 24/7
Importance of Storage High penetration PV looks like this…
without storage… and like this…
with storage
Importance of Storage In the early 1980s while working my first engineering job at Arco Solar in Los Angeles… • My on-grid house had 2kW of PV panels, a bank of 12V batteries, some 12V lights and a 12V swamp cooler • One night my local grid went down
Yet my DC lights stayed on! • Utility linemen came to troubleshoot the telephone pole across the street
• After about an hour they knocked on my door and asked… “Why are your lights on?”
Importance of Storage PV + Storage works technically and economically for stand alone (and float alone) systems…
Importance of Storage … including systems for walk alone, drive alone, and fly alone.
Importance of Storage A major market for Arco Solar in the early 1980s was rural electrification for farmers of developing countries PV, battery, charge controller, lights, radio, and TV Q: How could farmers in developing nations afford very expensive, off-grid, battery storage PV systems?
A: Government Policy • Lights allowed farm children to read, study, and learn at night and work the fields during the day • Higher crop yield fed citizens and enhanced export income • The economics worked
Importance of Storage A major market for Arco Solar in the early 1980s was rural electrification for farmers of developing countries PV, battery, charge controller, lights, radio, and TV Q: How could farmers in developing nations afford very expensive, off-grid, battery storage PV systems?
A: Government Policy • Lights allowed farm children to read, study, and learn at night and work the fields during the day • Higher crop yield fed citizens and enhanced export income • The economics worked
Importance of Storage Typical Daily Load Profile for a Community
Importance of Storage 3% supplied by PV Load profile remains unchanged Base load generation adjusts accordingly
Importance of Storage 7% supplied by PV
Importance of Storage 12% supplied by PV
Importance of Storage 20% supplied by PV “Duck Curve” taking shape
Importance of Storage 20% supplied by PV “Duck Curve” taking flight The Looming Duck of Doom
Importance of Storage 26% supplied by PV Requires rapid shut down & ramp up of base load generators
Importance of Storage 33% potentially supplied by PV But only 30% useable PV over-producing 3%. Pay PV generator to curtail production?
Importance of Storage 33% potentially supplied by PV Out of control, overweight “Duck Curve” begs for Energy Storage The Fois Gras Duck of Doom
Importance of Storage 100% potentially supplied by PV But only 39% useable Requires Energy Storage to spread the PV over a 24 hour period
We’re hitting a brick wall! 61%
39%
Importance of Storage PV + Battery Storage •
Yields a controlled, variable (as needed) supply •
PV + battery follow load. Traditional source stays steady & constant
Importance of Storage Needed for grid (load & local PV production)
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (way back when, PV only) (Simple 2% DCF) $8.00/Wdc + $0.50/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (not so long ago, PV only) $4.00/Wdc + $0.25/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (today, PV only) $1.60/Wdc + $0.12/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (add storage at assumed $2/W) $3.60/Wdc + $0.12/W Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (add storage & O&M replacement both at $2/W) $3.60/Wdc + $2.12/W Batt & Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Cost Challenges of Storage 25 yr. LCOE (add storage & O&M replacement both at $4/W) $5.60/Wdc + $4.12/W Batt & Inverter replacement @ yr 12
Storage Options for PV Difficult for solar to have seasonal storage Excessive volume & cost Batteries ~180 times larger & costlier than simple daily cycling
Charge batteries for 6 months!?…
… and discharge them over 6 months!!!???
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Storage Options for PV • Electric Battery Fuel Cell
• Mass MGH • Weights • Water (pump storage)
Dynamic • Flywheels
• Fuel Generation Hydrogen
• Thermal Steam Turbine Hot & Cold (HVAC)
• EIM (Energy Imbalance Mkt) …sort of
• Back up Fuel
Natural Gas??? Hydro Wind Geothermal
Storage Options for PV • Back up Fuel Geo & PV seasonally compliment each other
Storage Options for PV • Back up Fuel Geo & PV seasonally compliment each other
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Summary We talked about… • Need
Energy storage for PV
• Technology
e-, mass, fuel, thermal, backup gen
• Economics
Lower the costs & level the playing field
• Why?
PV penetration, reliability, posterity
• What?
Reliable & sustainable PV
• How?
Policy, technology, cost/price
• Who?
Government, industry, society
• When?
Yesterday? Today? Tomorrow?
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
Agenda • Mission of the Nevada GOE
• A Few Facts about Nevada • Importance of Storage for PV • Cost Challenges of Storage • Different Options for Storage • Summary • Q&A
