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How to Drill Ultra Deepwater Wells - Peter Aird, Providence Resources
Deepwater Drilling – Introduction 2017 Porcupine Basin Projects Peter Aird. Msc, C.Eng, M.I.Mar.E.S.T. 1st December 2016
Deepwater Drilling – Outline & Introduction
1. Deepwater Challenges
2. Safe Deepwater Exploration Drilling
3. 2017 Project Delivery
Introduction to offshore well design Type of well,
• Drilling Environment, HPHT, Deepwater • Oil or gas, injector, waste disposal, Geothermal
Drilling, operating environment
• Well design • Rig requirement
Tools & equipment
Contingencies
• Mud, Cementing, fluids, bulk volumes, storage • 3rd party operations needed • People logistics
• Well control, stuck pipe, • Fishing, side-track • Well control • Well maintenance
1. Deepwater Challenges
2017 Porcupine Basin Deepwater Challenges
Deepwater Drilling Environments
Oil wells are drilled Worldwide
Deepwater Operating Areas
Designated harsher Environment Areas
Deepwater Definitions
Ultra Deepwater?
14,000 ft / 4,267m
Metocean studies
Sub-sea data (current profiles, temperature gradients)
Meteorological data
Wind, waves, seastates currents, etc.
Subsurface data
Seabed topography
Seismic data
Stratigraphic, G&G risk, pressure and temperature profiles
Reservoir depths, pressures targets
Well design concepts.
Bathymetry
Shallow seismic
Hazard, detection, prediction, prevention Prediction, detection Design strategies, Operational techniques, Contingency plans
Deepwater Subsurface Hazards? Incompetent formations
Faulting and glide planes
Pressured flows
Hydrates
Small operating ‘presure’ margins
Deepwater well design, construction drivers Long Risers
DEEP WATER
Heavy Loads
Big Equipment
Expensive Trips Extreme Remote Conditions (10 - 12,000 ft.) Reliability (Effect on controls and technology with high hydrostatic loads)
Geology Tight Pore Pressure / Fracture Gradient tolerances
New Equipment New Drilling Processes
Shallow Water Flows
“Deep Drill” Wells > 20,000 ft. TVD
Region/location factors: Well type: Work-scope: Well deliverables: = Faster, cheaper, safer.
How to drill a deepwater well?
2. Safe Deepwater Exploration
Pre-planning steps Review seismic, offset wells, logs, or other relevant data Bid and be awarded drilling license, concession etc. Acquire more data
•3-d seismic •Site surveys •Specialist studies •Deploy Metocean systems
Estimate reserves, risks, exploration uncertainties
•Reserves estimates? •Select best prospects to drill •Elect optimal project strategy
Seismic Exploration Cycle Defines subsurface structures where hydrocarbons might be trapped
ACQUISITION
INTERPRETATION PROCESSING
Drill here
3D – reducing risks and uncertainties? Improve Portfolio risk management
Focused acreage capture More aggressive use of 3D and evolving seismic methods
18
Deepwater Well Design Essentials
Deepwater Drilling Challenges High rig rates, high cost of failure, not getting required data Vibration mitigation, •especially reamed vertical holes
Rapidly changing pore pressure • Contingency casing
Hole cleaning / Extreme Flow Rates
Unconventional hole sizes require customized tool sizes
Shallow flows
Soft, tertiary inter-bedded sediment formations
Glacial Till, Volcanics’, poor seismic resolution
Large holes to TD • large tools with full FE capability required
Unconsolidated sediments – LWD provides best chance of data acquisition
Pressure Management Essentials
Pore & fracture pressure management
Drilling Fluid selection Drilling fluids are selected on the basis of one or more of the following criteria: • • • • • •
Cost Application and Performance Production Concerns Logistics Exploration Concerns Environmental Impact and Safety
Deepwater Management & Control? Reduce Subsurface uncertainties
Fully understand pressure issues
QA/QC to assure equipment reliability
Assure value adding data quality
Adopt optimal project strategy • ‘Best practices’ must ensue
3. 2017 Deepwater Projects Porcupine Basin Druid / Drombeg Well.
2017 Project’s delivery
Effective
Efficient
Excellent
Do the right things
Do things right
Deliver ‘best in class’
‘i.e. first time’
Druid
Drombeg
Unique Deep Transitional Pressure Profile
Riserless drilling in 2,233m water depth
Drillship - Dual activity Drilling
Note: Application specific and does not fit all suits?
Phase 2; Subsea Drilling with SSBOP installed Flexible joint
1 1.
Diverter
2.
Spider / Gimbal
3.
Riser Coupling
4.
Upper Flex Joint
5.
Telescopic Joint
6.
Tensioning Ring
7.
Intermediate Flex Joint
8.
Termination Joint
9.
Riser Adapter
10.
Single Flex Joint
11.
BOP Connector
12.
Wellhead Connector
13.
Wellhead
Upper annular preventer (UA)
2 Lowere Marine Riser Package(LMRP) Connector
4
Lower annular preventer (LA)
5 7 8
6
Upper choke valves
Blind shear ram (BS)
Upper Pipe RAM (UPR)
3 Lower Choke valves Middle pipe ram (MPR)
9 11 13
10 12
Kilkl valves Lower pipe ram (LPR)
Wellhead connector
Drilling’s rule No 1
No Well Control Issues
MAINTAIN (2) BARRIERS at all times MAINTAIN THE WELLBORE full at all times TRIP only when wellbore is safe to do so IF SYSTEMS FAIL, double check & re-check everything else
Drilling’s rule No 2 No Failures
INSPECT before accept MEASURE, TALLY & DRIFT everything run into a well MAINTAIN ALL TUBULAR STRINGS as simple as possible. AVOID NON-PROVEN EQUIPMENT
AVOID EXCESSIVE LOADS, ABNOMAL PRESSURES , TEMPERATURES & UNTOWARD CONDITIONS
Drilling’s rule No 3 Prevent vs. Cure
1. PLAN, PLAN, PLAN, is the most cost-effective task 2. UPFRONT LOADING will assure project delivery 3. ASSURE HIGH STANDARDS then follow instructions 4. CONTINGENT PLANS to assure minimal loss 5. MANAGE CHANGE when/as required
How to develop a top team? Multi disciplinary approach
Old Culture • • •
Measureable values
Safety Management
Hierarchies Boundaries Internal focus
New OPEN Culture • Teams • Connections • External focus
Specialist teams
Continuous Assessment
• Smothering • Second guessing • Controlling
• Empowering • Trusting • Supportive
• Analysis • Fear of mistakes
• Action • Calculated risk-taking
How to enable high value projects? Assure best, engineering. tools, equipment and systems processes applied throughout
Hire, resource & develop the skills needed
Upfront load, clear workscope definition, aligned goals and objectives
Report, and investigate all loss, then assure corrective actions
Develop best practices at all levels
Controls to delivery as planned
2017 Deepwater Drilling Project Summary • 2017 Project’s will rely on: • Experienced ‘Deepwater’ People • Engineering & subsurface excellence • Employing ‘Deepwater’ best operating standards & practices • Management controls in place • Delivering as planned
Deliver as planned
Management & Controls
Best Practises Subsurface, & Engineering excellence Knowledge & Experience
Questions via? [email protected]
Upcoming SPE & PESGB events
http://connect.spe.org/ireland/home
How to Drill Ultra Deepwater Wells - Peter Aird, Providence Resources
Deepwater Drilling – Introduction 2017 Porcupine Basin Projects Peter Aird. Msc, C.Eng, M.I.Mar.E.S.T. 1st December 2016
Deepwater Drilling – Outline & Introduction
1. Deepwater Challenges
2. Safe Deepwater Exploration Drilling
3. 2017 Project Delivery
Introduction to offshore well design Type of well,
• Drilling Environment, HPHT, Deepwater • Oil or gas, injector, waste disposal, Geothermal
Drilling, operating environment
• Well design • Rig requirement
Tools & equipment
Contingencies
• Mud, Cementing, fluids, bulk volumes, storage • 3rd party operations needed • People logistics
• Well control, stuck pipe, • Fishing, side-track • Well control • Well maintenance
1. Deepwater Challenges
2017 Porcupine Basin Deepwater Challenges
Deepwater Drilling Environments
Oil wells are drilled Worldwide
Deepwater Operating Areas
Designated harsher Environment Areas
Deepwater Definitions
Ultra Deepwater?
14,000 ft / 4,267m
Metocean studies
Sub-sea data (current profiles, temperature gradients)
Meteorological data
Wind, waves, seastates currents, etc.
Subsurface data
Seabed topography
Seismic data
Stratigraphic, G&G risk, pressure and temperature profiles
Reservoir depths, pressures targets
Well design concepts.
Bathymetry
Shallow seismic
Hazard, detection, prediction, prevention Prediction, detection Design strategies, Operational techniques, Contingency plans
Deepwater Subsurface Hazards? Incompetent formations
Faulting and glide planes
Pressured flows
Hydrates
Small operating ‘presure’ margins
Deepwater well design, construction drivers Long Risers
DEEP WATER
Heavy Loads
Big Equipment
Expensive Trips Extreme Remote Conditions (10 - 12,000 ft.) Reliability (Effect on controls and technology with high hydrostatic loads)
Geology Tight Pore Pressure / Fracture Gradient tolerances
New Equipment New Drilling Processes
Shallow Water Flows
“Deep Drill” Wells > 20,000 ft. TVD
Region/location factors: Well type: Work-scope: Well deliverables: = Faster, cheaper, safer.
How to drill a deepwater well?
2. Safe Deepwater Exploration
Pre-planning steps Review seismic, offset wells, logs, or other relevant data Bid and be awarded drilling license, concession etc. Acquire more data
•3-d seismic •Site surveys •Specialist studies •Deploy Metocean systems
Estimate reserves, risks, exploration uncertainties
•Reserves estimates? •Select best prospects to drill •Elect optimal project strategy
Seismic Exploration Cycle Defines subsurface structures where hydrocarbons might be trapped
ACQUISITION
INTERPRETATION PROCESSING
Drill here
3D – reducing risks and uncertainties? Improve Portfolio risk management
Focused acreage capture More aggressive use of 3D and evolving seismic methods
18
Deepwater Well Design Essentials
Deepwater Drilling Challenges High rig rates, high cost of failure, not getting required data Vibration mitigation, •especially reamed vertical holes
Rapidly changing pore pressure • Contingency casing
Hole cleaning / Extreme Flow Rates
Unconventional hole sizes require customized tool sizes
Shallow flows
Soft, tertiary inter-bedded sediment formations
Glacial Till, Volcanics’, poor seismic resolution
Large holes to TD • large tools with full FE capability required
Unconsolidated sediments – LWD provides best chance of data acquisition
Pressure Management Essentials
Pore & fracture pressure management
Drilling Fluid selection Drilling fluids are selected on the basis of one or more of the following criteria: • • • • • •
Cost Application and Performance Production Concerns Logistics Exploration Concerns Environmental Impact and Safety
Deepwater Management & Control? Reduce Subsurface uncertainties
Fully understand pressure issues
QA/QC to assure equipment reliability
Assure value adding data quality
Adopt optimal project strategy • ‘Best practices’ must ensue
3. 2017 Deepwater Projects Porcupine Basin Druid / Drombeg Well.
2017 Project’s delivery
Effective
Efficient
Excellent
Do the right things
Do things right
Deliver ‘best in class’
‘i.e. first time’
Druid
Drombeg
Unique Deep Transitional Pressure Profile
Riserless drilling in 2,233m water depth
Drillship - Dual activity Drilling
Note: Application specific and does not fit all suits?
Phase 2; Subsea Drilling with SSBOP installed Flexible joint
1 1.
Diverter
2.
Spider / Gimbal
3.
Riser Coupling
4.
Upper Flex Joint
5.
Telescopic Joint
6.
Tensioning Ring
7.
Intermediate Flex Joint
8.
Termination Joint
9.
Riser Adapter
10.
Single Flex Joint
11.
BOP Connector
12.
Wellhead Connector
13.
Wellhead
Upper annular preventer (UA)
2 Lowere Marine Riser Package(LMRP) Connector
4
Lower annular preventer (LA)
5 7 8
6
Upper choke valves
Blind shear ram (BS)
Upper Pipe RAM (UPR)
3 Lower Choke valves Middle pipe ram (MPR)
9 11 13
10 12
Kilkl valves Lower pipe ram (LPR)
Wellhead connector
Drilling’s rule No 1
No Well Control Issues
MAINTAIN (2) BARRIERS at all times MAINTAIN THE WELLBORE full at all times TRIP only when wellbore is safe to do so IF SYSTEMS FAIL, double check & re-check everything else
Drilling’s rule No 2 No Failures
INSPECT before accept MEASURE, TALLY & DRIFT everything run into a well MAINTAIN ALL TUBULAR STRINGS as simple as possible. AVOID NON-PROVEN EQUIPMENT
AVOID EXCESSIVE LOADS, ABNOMAL PRESSURES , TEMPERATURES & UNTOWARD CONDITIONS
Drilling’s rule No 3 Prevent vs. Cure
1. PLAN, PLAN, PLAN, is the most cost-effective task 2. UPFRONT LOADING will assure project delivery 3. ASSURE HIGH STANDARDS then follow instructions 4. CONTINGENT PLANS to assure minimal loss 5. MANAGE CHANGE when/as required
How to develop a top team? Multi disciplinary approach
Old Culture • • •
Measureable values
Safety Management
Hierarchies Boundaries Internal focus
New OPEN Culture • Teams • Connections • External focus
Specialist teams
Continuous Assessment
• Smothering • Second guessing • Controlling
• Empowering • Trusting • Supportive
• Analysis • Fear of mistakes
• Action • Calculated risk-taking
How to enable high value projects? Assure best, engineering. tools, equipment and systems processes applied throughout
Hire, resource & develop the skills needed
Upfront load, clear workscope definition, aligned goals and objectives
Report, and investigate all loss, then assure corrective actions
Develop best practices at all levels
Controls to delivery as planned
2017 Deepwater Drilling Project Summary • 2017 Project’s will rely on: • Experienced ‘Deepwater’ People • Engineering & subsurface excellence • Employing ‘Deepwater’ best operating standards & practices • Management controls in place • Delivering as planned
Deliver as planned
Management & Controls
Best Practises Subsurface, & Engineering excellence Knowledge & Experience
Questions via? [email protected]
Upcoming SPE & PESGB events
http://connect.spe.org/ireland/home
