Edited by: Lauren Kosiara
BRANCHES of TYPE Edited by: Lauren Kosiara
S P
Sleepy Peacock
PRESS
A B
TABLE OF CONTENTS ADVERTISING
2
JOHN BASKERVILLE
3
MORRIS FULLER BENTON
4
GIAMBASTTISTA BODONI Mariella Cinquegrani
5
MATTHEW CARTER
6
WILLIAM CASLON
7
WILLIAM CAXTON
8
FRANCOIS DIDOT
9
VINCENT FIGGINS
10
PIERRE SIMON FOURNIER
11
ADRIAN FRUTIGER
12
ERIC GILL
13
FREDERIC GOUDY
14
JOHANNES GUTENBERG
15
Lauren Kosiara
Heather Fugate Rachel Moore
C
Matthew Bruce
Frances MacLeod
D F
Brittany Carter
Brittany Carter
Miriam Mai
Jillian Barthold
G
Sevonne Tuvia
James Case
Lauren Headley
Adriana Mendez
L HERB LUBALIN
16
LUDLOW - R. HUNTER MIDDLETON
17
ALDUS MANUTIUS
18
R. HUNTER MIDDLETON
19
MAX MIEDINGER
20
STANLEY MORISON
21
PAUL RENNER
22
PETER SCHOEFFER
23
T26
24
WILLIAM THOROWGOOD
25
GEOFFERY TORY
26
JAN TSCHISCHOLD
27
WELLS
28
HERMAN ZAPF
29
Frances MacLeod
M
Mariella Cinquegrani
Betsy Lambright Sevonne Tuvia
Matthew Bruce
R S T
Betsy Lambright
Luis Cardenas
Heather Fugate
Jillian Barthold
Lauren Kosiara
Taylor Westlake
W Z
Taylor Westlake
Rachel Moore
Karissa Moll
INTRODUCTION MAN IS AN INNOVATOR.
THERE IS A PART OF
human nature which compels us to better ourselves and improve our way of life. A life which once was a constant struggle to survive has evolved to one rich in emotional and material comforts. This progression has been possible through the transference of knowledge. We have learned from our mistakes and have been able to benefit from our forefather’s wisdom. Perhaps man’s greatest innovation has been that of written language, the tool that has allowed us to record what we have learned for our posterity’s benefit. Started as a method of identifying goods in Mesopotamia, written language consisted primarily of single symbols stamped to the sides of barrels and pottery. These stamps eventually evolved into pictographs, where in Egypt when used in sequence told tales on the great columns of Egyptian temples. The invention of papyrus met the need for a more efficient way of recording information. Hieroglyphs were replaced by hieratics. This laborious method of
communicating was further modified by the Phoenicians who developed the alphabet. The Greeks borrowing from the merchant Phoenicians, improved the alphabet, passed it on to the Etruscans who gave it to the Romans, who made it a thing of beauty although with three less letters (J,U,and W) than what we currently use. Their eloquent buildings were ornamented with the characters we still use today. With the passing of the Roman Empire culture, education, governance, philosophy became the providence of the church. During much of what is now referred to as Medieval Ages, much education and bookmaking was relegated to monks and the other individuals in religious life. Books were painstakingly copied by hand and illustrated in full color by a select few who had the skills to make a book. Books were rare and expensive items. Scholasticism and later the Renaissance created a need for broader and more efficient communications first on behalf of the church and then later as a means
of advancing humanist interests. The invention in the West of movable typography, papermaking and printing met that need. Books could be made by the thousands and their information available to an ever increasing audience. With this increase of knowledge came a renewed interest in the classics, the glory of Rome and the beauty of the Roman characters. Classical letterforms were studied and analyzed. That research, in the 15th century, resulted in the letterforms we use today, their shape having been fixed in hot-metal in the later half of the Renaissance. The developments in communications from then to now have been great though the alphabet has remained largely the same. This work honors the designers who have made those changes and in doing so, changed the way we read and learn.
A
H
Y
G
R
T P P
Y OH Y T R O P GYPA
S P
Sleepy Peacock
PRESS
A B
TABLE OF CONTENTS ADVERTISING
2
JOHN BASKERVILLE
3
MORRIS FULLER BENTON
4
GIAMBASTTISTA BODONI Mariella Cinquegrani
5
MATTHEW CARTER
6
WILLIAM CASLON
7
WILLIAM CAXTON
8
FRANCOIS DIDOT
9
VINCENT FIGGINS
10
PIERRE SIMON FOURNIER
11
ADRIAN FRUTIGER
12
ERIC GILL
13
FREDERIC GOUDY
14
JOHANNES GUTENBERG
15
Lauren Kosiara
Heather Fugate Rachel Moore
C
Matthew Bruce
Frances MacLeod
D F
Brittany Carter
Brittany Carter
Miriam Mai
Jillian Barthold
G
Sevonne Tuvia
James Case
Lauren Headley
Adriana Mendez
L HERB LUBALIN
16
LUDLOW - R. HUNTER MIDDLETON
17
ALDUS MANUTIUS
18
R. HUNTER MIDDLETON
19
MAX MIEDINGER
20
STANLEY MORISON
21
PAUL RENNER
22
PETER SCHOEFFER
23
T26
24
WILLIAM THOROWGOOD
25
GEOFFERY TORY
26
JAN TSCHISCHOLD
27
WELLS
28
HERMAN ZAPF
29
Frances MacLeod
M
Mariella Cinquegrani
Betsy Lambright Sevonne Tuvia
Matthew Bruce
R S T
Betsy Lambright
Luis Cardenas
Heather Fugate
Jillian Barthold
Lauren Kosiara
Taylor Westlake
W Z
Taylor Westlake
Rachel Moore
Karissa Moll
INTRODUCTION MAN IS AN INNOVATOR.
THERE IS A PART OF
human nature which compels us to better ourselves and improve our way of life. A life which once was a constant struggle to survive has evolved to one rich in emotional and material comforts. This progression has been possible through the transference of knowledge. We have learned from our mistakes and have been able to benefit from our forefather’s wisdom. Perhaps man’s greatest innovation has been that of written language, the tool that has allowed us to record what we have learned for our posterity’s benefit. Started as a method of identifying goods in Mesopotamia, written language consisted primarily of single symbols stamped to the sides of barrels and pottery. These stamps eventually evolved into pictographs, where in Egypt when used in sequence told tales on the great columns of Egyptian temples. The invention of papyrus met the need for a more efficient way of recording information. Hieroglyphs were replaced by hieratics. This laborious method of
communicating was further modified by the Phoenicians who developed the alphabet. The Greeks borrowing from the merchant Phoenicians, improved the alphabet, passed it on to the Etruscans who gave it to the Romans, who made it a thing of beauty although with three less letters (J,U,and W) than what we currently use. Their eloquent buildings were ornamented with the characters we still use today. With the passing of the Roman Empire culture, education, governance, philosophy became the providence of the church. During much of what is now referred to as Medieval Ages, much education and bookmaking was relegated to monks and the other individuals in religious life. Books were painstakingly copied by hand and illustrated in full color by a select few who had the skills to make a book. Books were rare and expensive items. Scholasticism and later the Renaissance created a need for broader and more efficient communications first on behalf of the church and then later as a means
of advancing humanist interests. The invention in the West of movable typography, papermaking and printing met that need. Books could be made by the thousands and their information available to an ever increasing audience. With this increase of knowledge came a renewed interest in the classics, the glory of Rome and the beauty of the Roman characters. Classical letterforms were studied and analyzed. That research, in the 15th century, resulted in the letterforms we use today, their shape having been fixed in hot-metal in the later half of the Renaissance. The developments in communications from then to now have been great though the alphabet has remained largely the same. This work honors the designers who have made those changes and in doing so, changed the way we read and learn.
A
H
Y
G
R
T P P
Y OH Y T R O P GYPA
