Gall causing organisms
Scripta Botanica Belgica 47: 155-158 (2011)
Gall causing organisms Quentin J. Groom National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium [email protected] Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: I. Hoste (ed.), The spontaneous flora of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium (Domein van Bouchout, Meise)
Résumé. – Les organismes cécidogènes du Domaine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Les collections vivantes ainsi que la flore spontanée du Jardin botanique offrent de belles perspectives pour l’étude des organismes cécidogènes. Cette contribution donne une liste des espèces observées depuis 2009. Samenvatting. – Galvormende organismen in het Domein van de Nationale Planten tuin van België. De levende verzamelingen en de gevarieerde spontane flora van de Plan tentuin bieden veel galvormers kansen om zich te ontwikkelen. Deze bijdrage biedt een checklist van de sinds 2009 aangetroffen soorten.
Introduction The diverse plant collections of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium create an ideal place to find a wide range of gall forming organisms in a small area. Monitoring of plant galls provides information on new plant pests and on their host specificity. In recent years, several new species of gall forming organisms have spread across Europe in the wake of plant introductions and it is likely more will follow. Methods Galls were searched for in all parts of the Botanic Garden on wild and cultivated plants during 2009 and 2010. Gall forming organisms were identified by their galls, rather than by identifying the actual organism. The abundance of galls was assessed as common, uncommon or rare based on the probability of finding a gall on the host plant. If the host plant is rare in the Garden, but the gall is found on every plant, then the gall would be considered common. As there is often only a single example of cultivated taxa within the Garden for these cases the abundance is relative to the number of galls on this specimen.
Results A full checklist of the galls found in the Garden is listed below. Gall forming organisms generally show a strong fidelity to one host, making it unusual to find galls on non-native cultivated plants. Where galls were found on alien cultivated plants they were usually on close relatives of native plants, or on hybrids where one parent was the native taxon. Three notable exceptions were the mites Vasates quadripedes on Acer saccharinum; Obolo diplosis robiniae on Robinia pseudoacacia; and Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop tera. Vasates quadripedes is a North American mite, which first came to Europe around 1995 and has since been reported from many European countries (Ettis et al. 2005; Ripka et al. 2002; Wurzell 2002). In Belgium, this represents the third or fourth record of this species for the country (Prof. Jacques Lambinon, pers. communication). Aceria pterocaryae is from China, but was reported from the UK, France and Belgium in 2008 (Ostojá-Starzewski & Coombes 2008). Obolodiplosis robiniae from North America was first found in Europe in 2002 and in the Netherlands in 2007 (Docters van Leeuwen 2009). 155
A detailed analysis of the galls on Quer cus species, and their host specificity, has been published separately (Groom 2010). A Checklist of Galls in the Botanic Garden Gall Wasps (Cynipidae) • Andricus callidoma (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. • Andricus fecundator (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. – Uncommon. • Andricus grossulariae (♂♀) on Quercus ×hispanica and Quercus cerris. – Common. • Andricus grossulariae (♀♀) – Rare on Quer cus robur. – Only one gall ever found. • Andricus kollari (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus lignicolus (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus quercuscalicis (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. Another alien species that relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus quercusradicis or A. testaceipes (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. The galls of these species are indistinguishable from each other. • Andricus solitarius (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. • Biorhiza pallida (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Uncommon. • Callirhytis erythrocephala (♀♀) on Quercus cerris acorns. – Common. • Cynips longiventris (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Uncommon. • Cynips quercusfolii (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Uncommon. • Cynips divisa (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. • Diastrophus rubi on Rubus fruticosus – Uncommon • Diplolepis rosea on Rosa agrestis, R. mi crantha, R. rubiginosa & R. villosa. – There is rarely more than one gall on a bush; other rose species may be susceptible but the abundance of Diplolepis rosea is low. This gall has previously been reported on a wide variety of 156
Rosa spp. including all the species listed above (Biological Records Centre 2009). • Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hed eracea – Rare. (Fig. 1)
Figure 1. Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hederacea.
• Neuroterus albipes (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. • Neuroterus anthracinus (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. • Neuroterus numismalis (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. • Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (♀♀) on Quer cus robur. – Common. • Pediaspis aceri on Acer heldreichii, A. hyr canum, A. monspessulanum, A. opalus subsp. obtusatum, A. pseudoplatanus and A. veluti num. – Common. All species galled by this gall wasp are closely related European and Middle-eastern species, belonging to the Acer core clade (Grimm et al. 2006). Taxa ungalled by Pediaspis aceri in the Garden were Acer buergerianum, A. cappadocicum, A. davidii, A. forrestii, A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. henryi, A. japonicum, A. laxiflorum, A. macrophyllum, A. negundo, A. oliverianum, A. palmatum, A. palmatum subsp. amoenum, A. pensylvanium, A. pictum subsp. mono, A. rubescens, A. ru brum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharm, A. shi rasawanum, A. tatarium, A. tetramerum, A. triflorum and A. ×freemanii. Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011)
Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) • Contarinia tiliarum on Tilia ×europea. – Rare. • Dasineura crataegi on Crataegus mono gyna. – Rare. • Dasineura symphyti on Symphytum offici nale. – Common. • Dasineura tiliae on Tilia cordata ×mongolia. – Uncommon. • Dasineura ulmaria on Filipendula ulmaria. – Common. • Dasineura urticae on Urtica dioica. – Rare. • Hartigiola annulipes on Fagus sylvatica. – Uncommon. • Iteomyia capreae on Salix caprea. – Un common. • Iteomyia major on Salix cinerea. – Uncom mon. • Jaapiella veronicae on Veronica chamae drys. – Common. • Macrodiplosis dryobia on Q. robur. – Com mon. • Monarthropalpus flavus on Buxus semper virens, B. microphylla & B. wallichiana. – Common. • Mikiola fagi on Fagus sylvatica. – Common. • Obolodiplosis robiniae on Robinia pseu doacacia – Uncommon. First found in western Europe in 2007. • Wachtliella persicariae on Persicaria hydro piper. – Uncommon. • Zygiobia carpini on Carpinus betulus. – Uncommon. Sawflies (Tenthredinidae) • Blennocampa phyllocolpa on a Rosa sp. – Rare. • Pontania proxima on Salix nigra. – Uncom mon. Normally found on S. alba and other closely related native species. • Pontania tuberculata on Salix caprea. – Uncommon. Anthomyiid Flies (Anthomyiidae) • Chirosia betuleti on Dryopteris filix-mas. – Rare. Gall Mites (Eriophyidae) • Acalitus brevitarsus on Alnus glutinosa. – Uncommon. Q. Groom, Gall causing organisms
• Acalitus calycophthirus on Betula pubes cens. – Uncommon. • Acalitus stenaspis on Fagus sylvatica. – Rare. • Aceria aceriscampestris on Acer campestre. – Rare. • Aceria cephaloneus or A. macrorhynchus on Acer pseudoplantanus. – Rare. • Aceria erineus on Juglans regia. – Uncom mon. • Aceria fagineus on Fagus sylvatica. – Un common. • Aceria fraxinivorus on Fraxinus excelsior. – Uncommon. • Aceria pseudoplatani on Acer pseudoplata nus. – Common. • Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop tera and to a lesser extent on Pterocarya ×reh deriana. – Common, but not on Pterocarya fraxinifolia or P. rhoifolia. First found in the Garden by Jan De Langhe in June 2006. • Aceria ulmicola on Ulmus laevis. – Uncom mon. • Aculus fraxini on Fraxinus excelsior – Rare • Cecidophyopsis atrichus on Stellaria grami nea. – Common. • Cecidophyopsis psilaspis on Taxus baccata. – Uncommon. • Eriophyes convolvens on Euonymus euro paeus. – Common. • Eriophyes inangulis on Alnus glutinosa. – Uncommon. • Eriophyes laevis on Alnus glutinosa. – Un common. • Eriophyes platanoideus on Acer platenoides. – Rare. • Eriophyes tiliae on Tilia ×euchlora, T. pla typhyllos and T. tomentosa. – Common. Other hosts reported in the literature are T. dasystyla subsp. caucasica, T. cordata and T. america na (Buchta et al. 2006, Soika 2006). However, these species were not galled by E. tiliae in the Garden. Eriophyes on T. tomentosa are sometimes described as either E. tiliae tomen tosae or E. tomentosae (Buhr 1965, Lambinon 2009). However, it is not known if the galls on T. tomentosa in the Botanic Garden are caused by the same species as on T. platyphyllos or a different one. This question remains for future investigation. 157
• Eriophyes leiosoma and/or Phytoptus abnor mis on T. americana, T. ×euchlora (T. dasystyla × cordata), T. cordata × mongolia, T. tomen tosa and T. platyphyllos. – Common. Eriophyes leiosoma and Phytoptus abnormis cannot be reliably separated from their galls (Redfern and Shirley 2002). • Phyllocoptes coryli on Corylus avellana. – Rare. • Phyllocoptes goniothorax on Crataegus mo nogyna. – Rare. • Phytoptus avellanae on Corylus avellana. – Uncommon. • Vasates quadripedes on Acer saccharinum. – Abundant on two trees, but completely absent from two other accessions. Aphids (Aphididae) • Adelges abietis on Picea abies. – Common. • Cryptomyzus korscheltii on Ribes alpinum – Uncommon. • Pemphigus spyrothecae on Populus nigra and Populus laurifolia. – Common. Psyllids (Psylloidea) • Spanioneura buxi on Buxus sempervirens. – Uncommon. • Trioza albiventris on Salix alba. – Uncom mon. Fungi (Uredinales) • Claviceps purpurea on Glyceria fluitans. – Rare. • Ochropsora ariae on Anemone nemorosa. – Uncommon. • Gymnosporangium sabinae on Pyrus pyras ter, P. pashia, P. communis subsp. sativa, Pyrus aff. communis × pyrifolia, × Pyronia veitchii and Juniperus ×pfitzeriana. – Common. There are also reports in the literature of this species on Pyrus calleryana and P. salicifolia (Vanderweyen & Fraiture 2008, Yun & Rossman 2009, Fraiture & Vanderweyen 2011). • Taphrina tosquinetii on Alnus glutinosa. – Uncommon. • Phomopsis sp. – Common. On Forsythia ×intermedia, F. ovata, F. suspensa var. sus pensa and F. suspensa var. fortunei, but not on F. europaea, F. giraldiana and F. viridissima. • Puccinia caricina on Urtica dioica – Uncommon. 158
References Biological Records Centre (2009) – Database of Insects and their Food Plants. [http://www.brc.ac.uk/DBIF/home page.aspx; accessed 14 October 2009.] Buchta I., Kula E. & Kresťanpolová M. (2006) – Occur rence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment. Journal of Forest Science 52(12): 547555. Buhr H. (1965) – Bestimmungstabellen der Gallen (Zoound Phyto-Cecidien) an Pflanzen Mittel- und Nord-Europas II. Jena, V.E.B. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Docters van Leeuwen, W.M. (2009) – Gallenboek: overzicht van door dieren en planten veroorzaakte Nederlandse gallen. Zeist, KNNV. Ettis W.N. & Ulenberg S.A. (2005) – Vasates quadri pedes, a gall mite (not so very) new to The Netherlands. Entomologische berichten 65(2): 52-55. Fraiture A. & Vanderweyen A. (2011) – Gymnosporangium sabinae: such a beautiful disease… Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: 193-194. Grimm G. W., Renner S.S., Stamatakis A. & Hemleben V. (2006) – A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences. Evol Bioinform On line.2: 7-22. Groom Q.J. (2010) – Host Specificity of Insects that Gall the Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.). Cecidology, 25(1): 13-18. Lambinon J. (2009) – Aide-mémoire de cécidologie: choix zoocécidies de la Belgique. S.l., Cercles des Natu ralistes de Belgique. Ostojá-Starzewski J.C. & Coombes A.J. (2008) – Aceria Pterocaryae (Acari: Eriophyidae), A New Addition to the British Mite Fauna. Cecidology 23(2): 42-45. Redfern M. & Shirley P. (2002) – British Plant Galls, Identification of galls on plants and fungi. Field Studies 10: 207-531. Ripka G., Fain A., Kazmierski A., Kreiter S. & Ma gowski W.Ł. (2002) – Recent data to the knowledge of the arboreal mite fauna in Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, and Astigmata). Acarologia 42(3): 271-281. Soika G. (2006) – Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) occurring on lime trees in ornamental nurseries. Biological Lett. 43(2): 367-373. Vanderweyen A. & Fraiture A. (2008) – Catalogue des Uredinales de Belgique, 2ème partie, Pucciniaceae (sauf Puccinia) (suite 3). Lejeunia 185:1-31. Wurzell B. (2002) – The maple bladder gall of the gall mite Vasates quadripedes new to Britain. Cecidology 17: 31-35. Yun H.Y. & Rossman A.Y. (2009) – First Report of Gymnosporangium sabinae, European Pear Rust, on Bradford Pear in Michigan. Plant Disease 93(8): 841. Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011)
Gall causing organisms Quentin J. Groom National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium [email protected] Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: I. Hoste (ed.), The spontaneous flora of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium (Domein van Bouchout, Meise)
Résumé. – Les organismes cécidogènes du Domaine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Les collections vivantes ainsi que la flore spontanée du Jardin botanique offrent de belles perspectives pour l’étude des organismes cécidogènes. Cette contribution donne une liste des espèces observées depuis 2009. Samenvatting. – Galvormende organismen in het Domein van de Nationale Planten tuin van België. De levende verzamelingen en de gevarieerde spontane flora van de Plan tentuin bieden veel galvormers kansen om zich te ontwikkelen. Deze bijdrage biedt een checklist van de sinds 2009 aangetroffen soorten.
Introduction The diverse plant collections of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium create an ideal place to find a wide range of gall forming organisms in a small area. Monitoring of plant galls provides information on new plant pests and on their host specificity. In recent years, several new species of gall forming organisms have spread across Europe in the wake of plant introductions and it is likely more will follow. Methods Galls were searched for in all parts of the Botanic Garden on wild and cultivated plants during 2009 and 2010. Gall forming organisms were identified by their galls, rather than by identifying the actual organism. The abundance of galls was assessed as common, uncommon or rare based on the probability of finding a gall on the host plant. If the host plant is rare in the Garden, but the gall is found on every plant, then the gall would be considered common. As there is often only a single example of cultivated taxa within the Garden for these cases the abundance is relative to the number of galls on this specimen.
Results A full checklist of the galls found in the Garden is listed below. Gall forming organisms generally show a strong fidelity to one host, making it unusual to find galls on non-native cultivated plants. Where galls were found on alien cultivated plants they were usually on close relatives of native plants, or on hybrids where one parent was the native taxon. Three notable exceptions were the mites Vasates quadripedes on Acer saccharinum; Obolo diplosis robiniae on Robinia pseudoacacia; and Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop tera. Vasates quadripedes is a North American mite, which first came to Europe around 1995 and has since been reported from many European countries (Ettis et al. 2005; Ripka et al. 2002; Wurzell 2002). In Belgium, this represents the third or fourth record of this species for the country (Prof. Jacques Lambinon, pers. communication). Aceria pterocaryae is from China, but was reported from the UK, France and Belgium in 2008 (Ostojá-Starzewski & Coombes 2008). Obolodiplosis robiniae from North America was first found in Europe in 2002 and in the Netherlands in 2007 (Docters van Leeuwen 2009). 155
A detailed analysis of the galls on Quer cus species, and their host specificity, has been published separately (Groom 2010). A Checklist of Galls in the Botanic Garden Gall Wasps (Cynipidae) • Andricus callidoma (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. • Andricus fecundator (♀♀) on Quercus ro bur. – Uncommon. • Andricus grossulariae (♂♀) on Quercus ×hispanica and Quercus cerris. – Common. • Andricus grossulariae (♀♀) – Rare on Quer cus robur. – Only one gall ever found. • Andricus kollari (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus lignicolus (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. An alien species which relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus quercuscalicis (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. Another alien species that relies on Quercus cerris to complete its life cycle. • Andricus quercusradicis or A. testaceipes (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. The galls of these species are indistinguishable from each other. • Andricus solitarius (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. • Biorhiza pallida (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Uncommon. • Callirhytis erythrocephala (♀♀) on Quercus cerris acorns. – Common. • Cynips longiventris (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Uncommon. • Cynips quercusfolii (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Uncommon. • Cynips divisa (♂♀) on Quercus robur. – Rare. • Diastrophus rubi on Rubus fruticosus – Uncommon • Diplolepis rosea on Rosa agrestis, R. mi crantha, R. rubiginosa & R. villosa. – There is rarely more than one gall on a bush; other rose species may be susceptible but the abundance of Diplolepis rosea is low. This gall has previously been reported on a wide variety of 156
Rosa spp. including all the species listed above (Biological Records Centre 2009). • Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hed eracea – Rare. (Fig. 1)
Figure 1. Liposthenes glechomae on Glechoma hederacea.
• Neuroterus albipes (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. • Neuroterus anthracinus (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. • Neuroterus numismalis (♀♀) on Quercus robur. – Common. • Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (♀♀) on Quer cus robur. – Common. • Pediaspis aceri on Acer heldreichii, A. hyr canum, A. monspessulanum, A. opalus subsp. obtusatum, A. pseudoplatanus and A. veluti num. – Common. All species galled by this gall wasp are closely related European and Middle-eastern species, belonging to the Acer core clade (Grimm et al. 2006). Taxa ungalled by Pediaspis aceri in the Garden were Acer buergerianum, A. cappadocicum, A. davidii, A. forrestii, A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. henryi, A. japonicum, A. laxiflorum, A. macrophyllum, A. negundo, A. oliverianum, A. palmatum, A. palmatum subsp. amoenum, A. pensylvanium, A. pictum subsp. mono, A. rubescens, A. ru brum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharm, A. shi rasawanum, A. tatarium, A. tetramerum, A. triflorum and A. ×freemanii. Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011)
Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae) • Contarinia tiliarum on Tilia ×europea. – Rare. • Dasineura crataegi on Crataegus mono gyna. – Rare. • Dasineura symphyti on Symphytum offici nale. – Common. • Dasineura tiliae on Tilia cordata ×mongolia. – Uncommon. • Dasineura ulmaria on Filipendula ulmaria. – Common. • Dasineura urticae on Urtica dioica. – Rare. • Hartigiola annulipes on Fagus sylvatica. – Uncommon. • Iteomyia capreae on Salix caprea. – Un common. • Iteomyia major on Salix cinerea. – Uncom mon. • Jaapiella veronicae on Veronica chamae drys. – Common. • Macrodiplosis dryobia on Q. robur. – Com mon. • Monarthropalpus flavus on Buxus semper virens, B. microphylla & B. wallichiana. – Common. • Mikiola fagi on Fagus sylvatica. – Common. • Obolodiplosis robiniae on Robinia pseu doacacia – Uncommon. First found in western Europe in 2007. • Wachtliella persicariae on Persicaria hydro piper. – Uncommon. • Zygiobia carpini on Carpinus betulus. – Uncommon. Sawflies (Tenthredinidae) • Blennocampa phyllocolpa on a Rosa sp. – Rare. • Pontania proxima on Salix nigra. – Uncom mon. Normally found on S. alba and other closely related native species. • Pontania tuberculata on Salix caprea. – Uncommon. Anthomyiid Flies (Anthomyiidae) • Chirosia betuleti on Dryopteris filix-mas. – Rare. Gall Mites (Eriophyidae) • Acalitus brevitarsus on Alnus glutinosa. – Uncommon. Q. Groom, Gall causing organisms
• Acalitus calycophthirus on Betula pubes cens. – Uncommon. • Acalitus stenaspis on Fagus sylvatica. – Rare. • Aceria aceriscampestris on Acer campestre. – Rare. • Aceria cephaloneus or A. macrorhynchus on Acer pseudoplantanus. – Rare. • Aceria erineus on Juglans regia. – Uncom mon. • Aceria fagineus on Fagus sylvatica. – Un common. • Aceria fraxinivorus on Fraxinus excelsior. – Uncommon. • Aceria pseudoplatani on Acer pseudoplata nus. – Common. • Aceria pterocaryae on Pterocarya stenop tera and to a lesser extent on Pterocarya ×reh deriana. – Common, but not on Pterocarya fraxinifolia or P. rhoifolia. First found in the Garden by Jan De Langhe in June 2006. • Aceria ulmicola on Ulmus laevis. – Uncom mon. • Aculus fraxini on Fraxinus excelsior – Rare • Cecidophyopsis atrichus on Stellaria grami nea. – Common. • Cecidophyopsis psilaspis on Taxus baccata. – Uncommon. • Eriophyes convolvens on Euonymus euro paeus. – Common. • Eriophyes inangulis on Alnus glutinosa. – Uncommon. • Eriophyes laevis on Alnus glutinosa. – Un common. • Eriophyes platanoideus on Acer platenoides. – Rare. • Eriophyes tiliae on Tilia ×euchlora, T. pla typhyllos and T. tomentosa. – Common. Other hosts reported in the literature are T. dasystyla subsp. caucasica, T. cordata and T. america na (Buchta et al. 2006, Soika 2006). However, these species were not galled by E. tiliae in the Garden. Eriophyes on T. tomentosa are sometimes described as either E. tiliae tomen tosae or E. tomentosae (Buhr 1965, Lambinon 2009). However, it is not known if the galls on T. tomentosa in the Botanic Garden are caused by the same species as on T. platyphyllos or a different one. This question remains for future investigation. 157
• Eriophyes leiosoma and/or Phytoptus abnor mis on T. americana, T. ×euchlora (T. dasystyla × cordata), T. cordata × mongolia, T. tomen tosa and T. platyphyllos. – Common. Eriophyes leiosoma and Phytoptus abnormis cannot be reliably separated from their galls (Redfern and Shirley 2002). • Phyllocoptes coryli on Corylus avellana. – Rare. • Phyllocoptes goniothorax on Crataegus mo nogyna. – Rare. • Phytoptus avellanae on Corylus avellana. – Uncommon. • Vasates quadripedes on Acer saccharinum. – Abundant on two trees, but completely absent from two other accessions. Aphids (Aphididae) • Adelges abietis on Picea abies. – Common. • Cryptomyzus korscheltii on Ribes alpinum – Uncommon. • Pemphigus spyrothecae on Populus nigra and Populus laurifolia. – Common. Psyllids (Psylloidea) • Spanioneura buxi on Buxus sempervirens. – Uncommon. • Trioza albiventris on Salix alba. – Uncom mon. Fungi (Uredinales) • Claviceps purpurea on Glyceria fluitans. – Rare. • Ochropsora ariae on Anemone nemorosa. – Uncommon. • Gymnosporangium sabinae on Pyrus pyras ter, P. pashia, P. communis subsp. sativa, Pyrus aff. communis × pyrifolia, × Pyronia veitchii and Juniperus ×pfitzeriana. – Common. There are also reports in the literature of this species on Pyrus calleryana and P. salicifolia (Vanderweyen & Fraiture 2008, Yun & Rossman 2009, Fraiture & Vanderweyen 2011). • Taphrina tosquinetii on Alnus glutinosa. – Uncommon. • Phomopsis sp. – Common. On Forsythia ×intermedia, F. ovata, F. suspensa var. sus pensa and F. suspensa var. fortunei, but not on F. europaea, F. giraldiana and F. viridissima. • Puccinia caricina on Urtica dioica – Uncommon. 158
References Biological Records Centre (2009) – Database of Insects and their Food Plants. [http://www.brc.ac.uk/DBIF/home page.aspx; accessed 14 October 2009.] Buchta I., Kula E. & Kresťanpolová M. (2006) – Occur rence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment. Journal of Forest Science 52(12): 547555. Buhr H. (1965) – Bestimmungstabellen der Gallen (Zoound Phyto-Cecidien) an Pflanzen Mittel- und Nord-Europas II. Jena, V.E.B. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Docters van Leeuwen, W.M. (2009) – Gallenboek: overzicht van door dieren en planten veroorzaakte Nederlandse gallen. Zeist, KNNV. Ettis W.N. & Ulenberg S.A. (2005) – Vasates quadri pedes, a gall mite (not so very) new to The Netherlands. Entomologische berichten 65(2): 52-55. Fraiture A. & Vanderweyen A. (2011) – Gymnosporangium sabinae: such a beautiful disease… Scripta Bot. Belg. 47: 193-194. Grimm G. W., Renner S.S., Stamatakis A. & Hemleben V. (2006) – A Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Phylogeny of Acer Inferred with Maximum Likelihood, Splits Graphs, and Motif Analysis of 606 Sequences. Evol Bioinform On line.2: 7-22. Groom Q.J. (2010) – Host Specificity of Insects that Gall the Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.). Cecidology, 25(1): 13-18. Lambinon J. (2009) – Aide-mémoire de cécidologie: choix zoocécidies de la Belgique. S.l., Cercles des Natu ralistes de Belgique. Ostojá-Starzewski J.C. & Coombes A.J. (2008) – Aceria Pterocaryae (Acari: Eriophyidae), A New Addition to the British Mite Fauna. Cecidology 23(2): 42-45. Redfern M. & Shirley P. (2002) – British Plant Galls, Identification of galls on plants and fungi. Field Studies 10: 207-531. Ripka G., Fain A., Kazmierski A., Kreiter S. & Ma gowski W.Ł. (2002) – Recent data to the knowledge of the arboreal mite fauna in Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, and Astigmata). Acarologia 42(3): 271-281. Soika G. (2006) – Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) occurring on lime trees in ornamental nurseries. Biological Lett. 43(2): 367-373. Vanderweyen A. & Fraiture A. (2008) – Catalogue des Uredinales de Belgique, 2ème partie, Pucciniaceae (sauf Puccinia) (suite 3). Lejeunia 185:1-31. Wurzell B. (2002) – The maple bladder gall of the gall mite Vasates quadripedes new to Britain. Cecidology 17: 31-35. Yun H.Y. & Rossman A.Y. (2009) – First Report of Gymnosporangium sabinae, European Pear Rust, on Bradford Pear in Michigan. Plant Disease 93(8): 841. Scripta Bot. Belg. 47 (2011)
