GHG Inventory in Myanmar: INC Report - GIO Greenhouse Gas ...
The 9th Workshop on GHG Inventory in Asia (WGIA 9)
July 13-15, 2011
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
GHG Inventory in Myanmar: INC Report
Prof. Dr. Khin Lay Swe GHG Inventory Team Leader INC Project, Myanmar
Country Profile:
• Export: US$ 6.8 billion* • Import: US$ 4.5 billion* • Main Exports: Agriculture, livestock and forestry products, natural gas • Main Imports: Machinery, transportation and construction materials, industrial raw materials, consumer goods
Role of Agriculture sector • 43% of GDP (including crops (35%), livestock & fisheries (7%) and forestry (1%)) • 61% of Labor Force • 44% of Export Earnings (crops (17%), livestock & fisheries (20%) and forestry (7%)) *Ministry of Commerce, Myanmar (2008-09)
Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Sector 2000 (Gg)
Emission sources
CO2
CH4
N2O
Total CO2 e
Fuel Combustion - Fossil fuel combustion -Traditional biomass fuel combustion*
7,658.65 (27,475.3)
0.46 (7.36)
0.28 (0.98)
7755.11 (28297.82)
Fugitive emissions from coal mining
-
0.53
-
11.13
Fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems
-
4.63
-
97.23
Total
7,658.65
5.62
0.28
7,863.47
*Not included in national GHG inventory calculations.
Proportions of CO2-equivalent Emissions from Energy Sector
GHG Emissions from Industrial Processes and Product Use, 2000 (Gg)
Sown Area of Major Crops (,000 ha) Sr. No.
Crop Name
2009-2010
Percentage
1.
Paddy
8067
47.5
2.
Sesamum
1634
9.6
3.
Green gram
1077
6.3
4.
Black gram
1023
6.0
5.
Sunflower
883
5.2
6.
Groundnut
866
5.1
7.
Pigeon pea
616
8.
Other Pulses
706
9.
Wheat & Maize
466
10.
Rubber
463
11.
Cotton
359
12.
Sorghum
224
13.
Sugercane
160
14.
Oil Palm
112
15.
Coffee
24
16.
Vegetables
270
17.
Others
19
Total Crop Area
16969
Country Profile: Area 6 7 6 , 5 5 7 Km2, between 9° 32' N to 28° 32'N; 92° 10' E to 101° 11'E Population: 5 7 . 5 m 1 3 5 nationalities
Major Rice Producing Areas
Share in rice area (%)
Share in popula tion (%)
29
14
Bago
16
10
Sagaing
12
11
Yangon
9
12
Others
34
53
Divisions
Ayeyarwady Region is the rice bowl of Myanmar
Ayeyarwady
7
• The sharp increase in rice area after 1993 attributed to the additional rice area for summer rice. • The increase summer rice area, coupled with the yield increase, resulted in a significant increase in rice production after 1993 “Lowland Rice-based Ecosystems in Nyaungdon Township of Ayeyarwaddy” Garcia, et.al. 2010, ASEAN Round Table Meeting, Myanmar
Rice Ecosystems in Myanmar Sr.
Type
%
1
Irrigated
30
2
Favorable Rain-fed Area
38
3
Drought Prone Area
12
4
Deepwater, submerged and salt affected Rice
17
5
Upland rice
3
Irrigated rice fields in Northern Shan State
Terrace upland rice fields in Northern Shan State
Transplanting in Flooded Areas Lowland Areas
Construction of New Reservoirs and Dams
Irrigation Facilities installed in the last 2 decades: 228 Large and Small Rural Dams
Lifting water from rivers: 322 river-pump stations established to area of 0.47 m ac
11
Promoting Ecosystem Based-Adaptation Supplementary Water for Rice Production, Central Myanmar
A Total of 7974 tube wells: Shallow / Deep tube wells - for > 100,000 acres, after 2007-08
Treadle-pump/ Tripod pump
Paddy Harvest Time in Central Myanmar
Livestock Population Census (in millions) Kind of Animal Cattle Buffalo Sheep & Goat Pigs Chickens
2000-01 10.98 2.44 1.80 3.97 47.75
GHG Emissions / Removals from LULUCF Sector in 2000 Activity
Natural forests
CO2 emissions (Gg)
CO2 removals (Gg)
-
129 838.59
Forest plantations
1 863.21
Home garden trees Roadside trees Shifting cultivation Deforestation TOTAL
Net CO2 emissions/ removals (Gg) (-) 129 838.59
11 750.04
(-)
9 886.833
-
470.07
(-)
470.07
-
162.49
(-)
162.49
1 200.67
-
(+) 1 200.674
37 340.97
-
(+) 37 340.974
142 221.2
(-) 101 816.5
40 404.73
GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000
Source / Sink
CO2 Removal
CO2 Emission
Energy Sector
7658.65
ndustry Sector
248.59
Agriculture Sector
CO
CH4
5.62
0.81
963.76
N2O
Nox
0.28
CO2 Equ. Total
CO2 Equ.Net Emission
7863.47
7863.47
463.29
463.29
8.4
0.022
22844.57
22844.57
4.26
34.08
40404.73
-101816.5
2825.97
2825.97
142221.2
Forestry Sector
33656.51 2215.37 144.85
Waste Sector
TOTAL
134.57 142221.2 41563.75
Source: INC Report, 2010
2216.18 1248.77 12.94 34.10 74402.03
-67819.2
Myanmar National GHG Inventory of Agriculture Sector in 2000 Sources Rice Cultivation
CH4 (Gg)
N20 (Gg)
Nox (Gg)
CO (Gg)
507.26
10652.46
8.2
Agricultural soils
CO2 (Gg) Equavalen t
2542.0 1.6058
Agricultural residue burning Livestock sector
0.0238 456.50
9648.5
(a) Enteric fermentation
404.43
8493.03
(b) Manure management
52.07
TOTAL
0.0006
0.2
0.81
0.022
1155.47 22844.57
GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000 Share of emission by sector (%) Waste, 3.8
Energy, 10.6 Industrial processes and product use, 0.6
LULUCF, 54.3
Agriculture, 30.7
GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000
150000
50000
Emission (Gg)
-100000
-150000
Sectors
Net Removal
Waste
LULUCF
Agriculture
-50000
Industrial processes and product use
0 Energy
Emission / Removal (Gg)
100000
Removal(Gg)
“Myanmar do not have the carbon debt to the world, and we are still one of the lowest emitters in capita terms. But we do have a shared responsibility for the world.”
Limitations and Constraints Lack of Institutional arrangements for data collection, analyzing, verifying and updating data Research, assessment and verification for certain activity data , and country-specific emission factors remains incomplete Lack of financial and technical support for developing CS Efs There is an inadequate GHGI technical experts in the ministries and agencies Difficult to engage full time committed and dedicated team members
Lessons Learned, Problems & Challenges Future Inventory For preparing SNC: The activities or plans for the next GHG inventory has not setting up Setting up an institutional framework, an organization system, and capable technical expertise To develop a permanent system for National GHGI preparation; A National GHG Inventory Office needs to be established to coordinate the GHG inventory In the system, various Government agencies, policy makers and scientists, researchers should be involved It needs a project: “Capacity Building for National GHGI” to strengthen the capacity and help to improve the GHGI
Proposed Action Plans for SNC • Formulate and support to establish a strong GHG Inventory institutional mechanism • Formulate effective, efficient and proactive overall development policy and institutional mechanism of mitigation and adaptation to the impacts of CC on agriculture and food security • Strengthen national research and extension programs in the context of CC • Improve the regional information sharing networks, dissemination and analysis on CC • Technical and financial assistances on above action plans
24
July 13-15, 2011
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
GHG Inventory in Myanmar: INC Report
Prof. Dr. Khin Lay Swe GHG Inventory Team Leader INC Project, Myanmar
Country Profile:
• Export: US$ 6.8 billion* • Import: US$ 4.5 billion* • Main Exports: Agriculture, livestock and forestry products, natural gas • Main Imports: Machinery, transportation and construction materials, industrial raw materials, consumer goods
Role of Agriculture sector • 43% of GDP (including crops (35%), livestock & fisheries (7%) and forestry (1%)) • 61% of Labor Force • 44% of Export Earnings (crops (17%), livestock & fisheries (20%) and forestry (7%)) *Ministry of Commerce, Myanmar (2008-09)
Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Sector 2000 (Gg)
Emission sources
CO2
CH4
N2O
Total CO2 e
Fuel Combustion - Fossil fuel combustion -Traditional biomass fuel combustion*
7,658.65 (27,475.3)
0.46 (7.36)
0.28 (0.98)
7755.11 (28297.82)
Fugitive emissions from coal mining
-
0.53
-
11.13
Fugitive emissions from oil and gas systems
-
4.63
-
97.23
Total
7,658.65
5.62
0.28
7,863.47
*Not included in national GHG inventory calculations.
Proportions of CO2-equivalent Emissions from Energy Sector
GHG Emissions from Industrial Processes and Product Use, 2000 (Gg)
Sown Area of Major Crops (,000 ha) Sr. No.
Crop Name
2009-2010
Percentage
1.
Paddy
8067
47.5
2.
Sesamum
1634
9.6
3.
Green gram
1077
6.3
4.
Black gram
1023
6.0
5.
Sunflower
883
5.2
6.
Groundnut
866
5.1
7.
Pigeon pea
616
8.
Other Pulses
706
9.
Wheat & Maize
466
10.
Rubber
463
11.
Cotton
359
12.
Sorghum
224
13.
Sugercane
160
14.
Oil Palm
112
15.
Coffee
24
16.
Vegetables
270
17.
Others
19
Total Crop Area
16969
Country Profile: Area 6 7 6 , 5 5 7 Km2, between 9° 32' N to 28° 32'N; 92° 10' E to 101° 11'E Population: 5 7 . 5 m 1 3 5 nationalities
Major Rice Producing Areas
Share in rice area (%)
Share in popula tion (%)
29
14
Bago
16
10
Sagaing
12
11
Yangon
9
12
Others
34
53
Divisions
Ayeyarwady Region is the rice bowl of Myanmar
Ayeyarwady
7
• The sharp increase in rice area after 1993 attributed to the additional rice area for summer rice. • The increase summer rice area, coupled with the yield increase, resulted in a significant increase in rice production after 1993 “Lowland Rice-based Ecosystems in Nyaungdon Township of Ayeyarwaddy” Garcia, et.al. 2010, ASEAN Round Table Meeting, Myanmar
Rice Ecosystems in Myanmar Sr.
Type
%
1
Irrigated
30
2
Favorable Rain-fed Area
38
3
Drought Prone Area
12
4
Deepwater, submerged and salt affected Rice
17
5
Upland rice
3
Irrigated rice fields in Northern Shan State
Terrace upland rice fields in Northern Shan State
Transplanting in Flooded Areas Lowland Areas
Construction of New Reservoirs and Dams
Irrigation Facilities installed in the last 2 decades: 228 Large and Small Rural Dams
Lifting water from rivers: 322 river-pump stations established to area of 0.47 m ac
11
Promoting Ecosystem Based-Adaptation Supplementary Water for Rice Production, Central Myanmar
A Total of 7974 tube wells: Shallow / Deep tube wells - for > 100,000 acres, after 2007-08
Treadle-pump/ Tripod pump
Paddy Harvest Time in Central Myanmar
Livestock Population Census (in millions) Kind of Animal Cattle Buffalo Sheep & Goat Pigs Chickens
2000-01 10.98 2.44 1.80 3.97 47.75
GHG Emissions / Removals from LULUCF Sector in 2000 Activity
Natural forests
CO2 emissions (Gg)
CO2 removals (Gg)
-
129 838.59
Forest plantations
1 863.21
Home garden trees Roadside trees Shifting cultivation Deforestation TOTAL
Net CO2 emissions/ removals (Gg) (-) 129 838.59
11 750.04
(-)
9 886.833
-
470.07
(-)
470.07
-
162.49
(-)
162.49
1 200.67
-
(+) 1 200.674
37 340.97
-
(+) 37 340.974
142 221.2
(-) 101 816.5
40 404.73
GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000
Source / Sink
CO2 Removal
CO2 Emission
Energy Sector
7658.65
ndustry Sector
248.59
Agriculture Sector
CO
CH4
5.62
0.81
963.76
N2O
Nox
0.28
CO2 Equ. Total
CO2 Equ.Net Emission
7863.47
7863.47
463.29
463.29
8.4
0.022
22844.57
22844.57
4.26
34.08
40404.73
-101816.5
2825.97
2825.97
142221.2
Forestry Sector
33656.51 2215.37 144.85
Waste Sector
TOTAL
134.57 142221.2 41563.75
Source: INC Report, 2010
2216.18 1248.77 12.94 34.10 74402.03
-67819.2
Myanmar National GHG Inventory of Agriculture Sector in 2000 Sources Rice Cultivation
CH4 (Gg)
N20 (Gg)
Nox (Gg)
CO (Gg)
507.26
10652.46
8.2
Agricultural soils
CO2 (Gg) Equavalen t
2542.0 1.6058
Agricultural residue burning Livestock sector
0.0238 456.50
9648.5
(a) Enteric fermentation
404.43
8493.03
(b) Manure management
52.07
TOTAL
0.0006
0.2
0.81
0.022
1155.47 22844.57
GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000 Share of emission by sector (%) Waste, 3.8
Energy, 10.6 Industrial processes and product use, 0.6
LULUCF, 54.3
Agriculture, 30.7
GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000
150000
50000
Emission (Gg)
-100000
-150000
Sectors
Net Removal
Waste
LULUCF
Agriculture
-50000
Industrial processes and product use
0 Energy
Emission / Removal (Gg)
100000
Removal(Gg)
“Myanmar do not have the carbon debt to the world, and we are still one of the lowest emitters in capita terms. But we do have a shared responsibility for the world.”
Limitations and Constraints Lack of Institutional arrangements for data collection, analyzing, verifying and updating data Research, assessment and verification for certain activity data , and country-specific emission factors remains incomplete Lack of financial and technical support for developing CS Efs There is an inadequate GHGI technical experts in the ministries and agencies Difficult to engage full time committed and dedicated team members
Lessons Learned, Problems & Challenges Future Inventory For preparing SNC: The activities or plans for the next GHG inventory has not setting up Setting up an institutional framework, an organization system, and capable technical expertise To develop a permanent system for National GHGI preparation; A National GHG Inventory Office needs to be established to coordinate the GHG inventory In the system, various Government agencies, policy makers and scientists, researchers should be involved It needs a project: “Capacity Building for National GHGI” to strengthen the capacity and help to improve the GHGI
Proposed Action Plans for SNC • Formulate and support to establish a strong GHG Inventory institutional mechanism • Formulate effective, efficient and proactive overall development policy and institutional mechanism of mitigation and adaptation to the impacts of CC on agriculture and food security • Strengthen national research and extension programs in the context of CC • Improve the regional information sharing networks, dissemination and analysis on CC • Technical and financial assistances on above action plans
24
