Growing Knowledge
A Key Source For Local Agronomic Information
Growing Knowledge
®
WINTER 2008 SOUTHWEST
Current News & Updates
Bob Thirlwall Glencoe, Ontario 519.871.2213 [email protected] For additional agronomic information in the regions shown above, please contact your local DEKALB® seed representative.
IN THIS ISSUE Page
Current News & Updates
1
Corn Planting
1
Corn-on-Corn Management Decisions Agronomic Benefits of Multiple Traits
2
Back
HiStick ®N/T Field Back Trial Results
A publication of
Winter has set in, the combines are stored for the winter, and growers are making plans for 2008. With rotations planned and winter wheat planted, grower focus has been on ordering their corn and soybean seed for spring planting. Growers in Ontario and Quebec have once again made impressive commitments to DEKALB® corn and soybeans for 2008. A key reason growers are choosing DEKALB is yield. Corn products in our 2008 seed lineup on average yielded 5.9 bushels per acre higher and were 0.3% drier than competitive products in over 3940 comparisons from 2004 to 2007. Similarly, DEKALB soybeans have yielded on average 1.5 bushels per acre higher than competitors over 2927 comparisons made from 2004 to 2007'. Consistent top yield performance has more growers choosing DEKALB corn and soy
beans for their farms. Providing trait options across a wide range of corn maturity groups is also a key strength of DEKALB seed. For 2008, we have nine triple stacked corn products available ranging from 2625 to 3250 corn heat units (CHU). Strong grower demand has all of these products nearly sold out for this spring. If you have any questions on what is the best corn or soybean seed product for your farm, your DEKALB seed dealer or agronomist are available to provide you with the best recommendation for your farm. Thank you for your support and we look forward to working with you beyond 2008. Dr. Mark Lawton Seed & Trait Technical Lead 'Source: DEKALB market development trials, Ontario and Quebec, 2004 to 2007
Corn Planting Populations Recent recommendations have been to plant approximately 30,000 corn seeds per acre. The actual population is often adjusted depending on planting date, seed treatment use, tillage system, or soil type. To help growers optimize planting populations with rapidly improving seed genetics and trait combinations, replicated research trials were conducted at Ayr, Ontario, and St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, in each of the past four years.
200
Yield (bushels per acre)
ONTARIO
190
180
170
160
150
Research results showed that most economi140 23,000 27,000 31,000 35,000 40,000 cal yields were produced when a final plant Harvest Population ( per acre) stand at harvest of 30,000 plants per acre was achieved. (Figure 1). Losses from enviFigure 1. Corn yield effects due to ronment and pests range between 5 and 10 increasing populations. Monsanto, Onpercent. Thus, seeding rate at planting (Continued on Page 3)
1
tario 2004-2007 10 hybrids, 12 trials
WINTER 2008
Corn on Corn Management Decisions vided by a soybean crop. Another consideration is the presence of additional crop residue: more residue means more carbon. Additional carbon requires additional nitrogen to correct the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the soil. The addition of nitrogen minimizes the amount of nitrogen immobilized (made unavailable to the plant) by soil microbes, leaving most of the residual Corn Product. No corn product is nitrogen for crop uptake early in the seaperfect for every field situation. Each son. On average, 2nd year corn may reproduct reaches maximum performance quire 35 lbs/acre more nitrogen. Utilize a under a specific range of soil types, fertil- soil nitrate test to measure carryover nitroity levels, production practices, and envi- gen. ronmental conditions. Continuous corn will alter phosphorus Some growers may elect to plant the and potassium levels compared to a cornsame product(s) every year in continuous soybean rotation. Corn grain removes corn fields or each year corn is planted more phosphorus and less potassium per when rotating crops. Growers doing so acre but large amounts of potassium remust make sure the products they main in the decaying plant residues. Soil choose for their fields are selected to tests should be conducted to calculate optimize yield and minimize risks from requirements based on yield goal, residual nature and pest problems. mounts, and economics. As precision agriculture makes farming Starter fertilizer, applied during planting, more complex and as more advanced regardless of tillage method may give traits are developed, increasing genetic plants an early boost. Zinc may be added diversity will become more important dependent on the results of the soil test. than in the past. Genetic diversity simResidue and Drought Manageply means planting a portfolio of prodment. Crop residue management in a ucts containing different genetic backcontinuous corn rotation is frequently a grounds. Products used in your fields should be selected to maximize yield and challenge. Reduced tillage or no-till systems have been utilized in recent years reduce your risk from pests or the enviprimarily to minimize soil erosion and ronment during the growing season. conserve soil moisture. Reduced tillage Fertility. An obvious management practices can be used profitably, with little decision in a continuous corn situation is or no additional risk, in a corn-soybean application of additional nitrogen to rotation. However, this approach must be make up for the loss of nitrogen proused with prior planning in continuous corn. Producers managing continuous corn cropping systems often face different issues than a traditional corn-soybean rotation. Specifically, issues such as product selection, nitrogen fertility, residue and drought management, and disease management top the list for continuous corn.
A first year corn crop often results in more than 10,000 pounds of residue per acre after harvest. Unfortunately, corn has a relatively low tolerance to high levels of surface residue, especially when the soil is cool or poorly drained (wet).
Figure 1. Be sure when planting continuous corn that your fields have adequate nutrients to support a corn crop.
Economical risk increases as less tillage is used for continuous corn, especially over the long term. Crop development can be delayed and yields reduced in years that are wet and cool. Crop residue on the soil 2
surface serves as a habitat for overwintering diseases, such as gray leaf spot and anthracnose. The degree of risk is highly dependent on environmental conditions and how well the continuous corn system is managed. The same residue that creates problems under wet, cool conditions can be beneficial when the corn crop is under drought conditions. Based on soil texture, organic matter, and surface residue, every tillage pass can result in a loss of at least ¼ inch of soil moisture. Where droughty conditions are more of the norm than moist, cool conditions, any means to limit residue disturbance may be beneficial. Strip till may be a consideration as it limits soil and residue disturbance and provides a relatively debris free strip for faster soil warming. The quicker warm up in the tilled strip may allow for quicker planting compared to no-till. An earlier planting date generally allows corn plants to develop under more favorable conditions as it relates to drought and heat stress. Additionally, since less soil is disturbed with strip till, smaller amounts of surface weed seed are incorporated. Therefore, a non-incorporated herbicide program may be used. Optimum weed control can keep weeds from utilizing available water. Consider using YieldGard VT Triple™ corn products to control European corn borer and rootworm. Seed treated with Poncho® 250 Seed Applied Insecticide reduces the risk of damage from secondary insects such as wireworm and seedcorn maggot. Water intake, particularly during drought conditions, can be compromised by insect feeding on roots and stalks. Disease Management. (Continued on Page 3)
A publication of
WINTER 2008
Corn on Corn Management Decisions (Continued from Page 2)
Several diseases come to the forefront when discussing continuous corn under minimum tillage operations particularly. These diseases include northern corn leaf blight, eyespot, gray leaf spot, and anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rots. Northern corn leaf blight and eyespot are associated with continuous corn as spores on residue are splashed or blown onto corn leaves. Resistant products are available. Gray Leaf Spot. Gray leaf spot is usually not a large concern in Ontario and Quebec because of the lower humidity compared to areas south. However, plant resistance is the best strategy to control gray leaf spot under any tillage situation. Anthracnose Leaf Blight. Similar to the other diseases, anthracnose leaf blight is best controlled by selecting products with genetic resistance.
Burying residues by tillage may be helpful to fight these diseases if susceptible products must be grown. Headline®, a broad-spectrum fungicide with a high level of activity on the major foliar corn diseases, may be used. Consult the Headline label for specifics. Always Read and Follow Pesticide Label Directions.
• Harvest fields with the
greatest level of rotted stalks first.
In summary, deciding to manage continuous corn comes with several management concerns different than a cornsoybean rotation. Weighing the positives and negatives these new decisions create may result in field-to-field deciStalk Rots. Control of stalk rot is based sions rather than a whole-farm transition on reducing crop stress from factors to continuous corn. such as lack of moisture, leaf diseases, Please consult your local DEKALB repinsect injury, and nutritional stress. To resentative for additional information reduce the effects of stalk rot diseases, follow as many of the following manage- regarding continuous corn management. ment practices as possible: Source: Mahdi Al-Kaisi. Does dry weather limit tillage options? April 15, 2002. Integrated Crop Management. Iowa State University. Http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2002/4-152002/drytill.html.
• Select products with good standability
and resistance to leaf blight diseases. • Adjust soil fertility to recommenda-
tions based on a soil test. Avoid excessive rates of nitrogen in relation to potassium. • Plant at populations recommended for
the product grown.
R.L. Nielson et al. Mitigate the Downside Risks of Corn Following Corn. November 11, 2007. Corny News Network Atricles. Purdue University. http://www.agry.Purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/Corn Corn.html G. Randall, and others. 1996. Tillage Best Management Practices for Continuous Corn in the Minnesota River Basin. Univ. of Minnesota Extension. FO-06672.
Corn Planting Populations (Continued from Page 1)
In general, we suggest increasing planting rates 5-10 percent higher than your desired final plant stand. For example, for a grower to obtain a final corn stand of 30,000 plants per acre, they should plant 31,500 to 33,000 corn seeds per acre. Keep in mind that some hybrids may respond differently to increased populations. For more information about corn product placement for your fields, please contact your local DEKALB representative.
220 Yield (bushels per acre)
should be adjusted about 5 to 10 percent higher than the target harvest plant count instead of basing population targets on planting rate alone. Yield increases were observed over nearly all populations tested, while harvest moisture and test weights were similar in all cases. Results also indicated that when the crop was not limited by moisture or nitrogen, the yield benefit of even higher planting rates continued to increase (Figure 2).
200
200 173
180 160
178
185
192
148
140 120 20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Harvest Population (plants per acre) Figure 2. Corn yield effects from increasing populations. Source: Monsanto, Quebec 2004-2007, 38 comparisons per population. A publication of
3
WINTER 2008
Agronomic Benefits of Multiple Traits YieldGard VT Triple Corn Yield ing YieldGard VT Triple saw doubledigit yield advantage over competing seed Advantage Higher yields have been the expectation of growers who plant DEKALB corn containing YieldGard VT Triple traits. How much of an increase might be reasonable to expect? Recent harvest data from across the United States showed that farmers who planted corn contain-
European corn borer and corn rootworms, coupled with Roundup Ready® 2 corn brands and technologies in 2007. Data from nearly 1,700 on-farm field trials technology. These genetic properties translate into protecshowed an average of more than 14.6 tion of the corn plant and root tissue bushel per acre advantage for YieldGard against these insect pests long into the VT Triple compared to competitive variegrowing season, and ultimately into ties which included Herculex ®Xtra traits. less plant stress. Less stress allows the production of top corn yields across a YieldGard VT Triple corn has vector wide range of environments. transferred genetic protection against
Source: Darren Wallis, Farmers Across the U.S. Realize Double-Digit Yield Advantage From DEKALB® Corn Seeds With Triple-Stacked Traits, December 14, 2007 Monsanto News Releases
HiStick® N/T Field Trial Results A total of 21 large scale field trials were conducted in western Ontario in 2007 with HiStick ®N/T inoculants. The results of these trials show an average yield advantage of 1.2 bushels of additional soybeans over soybeans with no inoculants. High yielding soybeans can require up to 315 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Up to 75% of that total nitrogen requirement needs to be met through fixation by the nitrogen fixing rhizobium bacteria HiStick® N/T soybean inoculant, with BioStacked™ technology, contains con-
GROWING KNOWLEDGE®
centrations of two types of beneficial organisms. It contains Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the nodule forming bacteria, and Bacillus subtillis , the organism that supplies Nodulating Trigger™ technology. Inoculating with HiStick insures that the newly germinating soybean has access to the nitrogen fixing bacteria, so that nodule formation begins early in the growth process. In addition, Bacillus subtillis suppresses fungal root disease organisms such as fusarium, rhizoctonia, and aspergillis.
Conditions for Inoculating in Rotated Soybean Ground •
Low organic matter.
•
Sandy soils.
•
Low pH.
•
Poor drainage and flooded soils.
•
Prolonged periods of drought.
•
Old rotated soybean ground.
A Key Source For Local Agronomic Information
Always Read and Follow IRM and Grain Marketing Requirements. IMPORTANT: The following information is current as of January 16, 2008 YieldGard Plus and YieldGard Rootworm with Roundup Ready Corn 2 are grandfathered for import and use in processed feed in the E.U. YieldGard Plus with Roundup Ready Corn 2, YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2 and YieldGard VT Triple are neither approved nor grandfathered and there is zero tolerance for these traits in processed feed imported in the E.U. Growers of all products bearing the Market Choices mark must talk to their grain handler to confirm the handler's buying position for grain from these products. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Always Read and Follow Pesticide Label Directions. Individual results may vary, and performance may vary from location to location and from year to year. This result may not be an indicator of results you may obtain as local growing, soil and weather conditions may vary. Growers should evaluate data from multiple locations and years whenever possible. Roundup Ready® crops contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® agricultural herbicides. Roundup® agricultural herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. DEKALB and DEKALB design are registered trademarks of DEKALB Genetics Corporation, Monsanto Canada Inc., licensee. Growing Knowledge®, Growing Knowledge and Design, Roundup®, Roundup Ready®, and YieldGard VT Triple™ are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC, Monsanto Canada, Inc. licensee. BioStacked™, Nodulating Trigger™, and HiStick® are Trademarks of Becker Underwood. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2008 Monsanto Company A publication of
Please visit us online at www.DEKALB.ca
4
Growing Knowledge
®
WINTER 2008 SOUTHWEST
Current News & Updates
Bob Thirlwall Glencoe, Ontario 519.871.2213 [email protected] For additional agronomic information in the regions shown above, please contact your local DEKALB® seed representative.
IN THIS ISSUE Page
Current News & Updates
1
Corn Planting
1
Corn-on-Corn Management Decisions Agronomic Benefits of Multiple Traits
2
Back
HiStick ®N/T Field Back Trial Results
A publication of
Winter has set in, the combines are stored for the winter, and growers are making plans for 2008. With rotations planned and winter wheat planted, grower focus has been on ordering their corn and soybean seed for spring planting. Growers in Ontario and Quebec have once again made impressive commitments to DEKALB® corn and soybeans for 2008. A key reason growers are choosing DEKALB is yield. Corn products in our 2008 seed lineup on average yielded 5.9 bushels per acre higher and were 0.3% drier than competitive products in over 3940 comparisons from 2004 to 2007. Similarly, DEKALB soybeans have yielded on average 1.5 bushels per acre higher than competitors over 2927 comparisons made from 2004 to 2007'. Consistent top yield performance has more growers choosing DEKALB corn and soy
beans for their farms. Providing trait options across a wide range of corn maturity groups is also a key strength of DEKALB seed. For 2008, we have nine triple stacked corn products available ranging from 2625 to 3250 corn heat units (CHU). Strong grower demand has all of these products nearly sold out for this spring. If you have any questions on what is the best corn or soybean seed product for your farm, your DEKALB seed dealer or agronomist are available to provide you with the best recommendation for your farm. Thank you for your support and we look forward to working with you beyond 2008. Dr. Mark Lawton Seed & Trait Technical Lead 'Source: DEKALB market development trials, Ontario and Quebec, 2004 to 2007
Corn Planting Populations Recent recommendations have been to plant approximately 30,000 corn seeds per acre. The actual population is often adjusted depending on planting date, seed treatment use, tillage system, or soil type. To help growers optimize planting populations with rapidly improving seed genetics and trait combinations, replicated research trials were conducted at Ayr, Ontario, and St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, in each of the past four years.
200
Yield (bushels per acre)
ONTARIO
190
180
170
160
150
Research results showed that most economi140 23,000 27,000 31,000 35,000 40,000 cal yields were produced when a final plant Harvest Population ( per acre) stand at harvest of 30,000 plants per acre was achieved. (Figure 1). Losses from enviFigure 1. Corn yield effects due to ronment and pests range between 5 and 10 increasing populations. Monsanto, Onpercent. Thus, seeding rate at planting (Continued on Page 3)
1
tario 2004-2007 10 hybrids, 12 trials
WINTER 2008
Corn on Corn Management Decisions vided by a soybean crop. Another consideration is the presence of additional crop residue: more residue means more carbon. Additional carbon requires additional nitrogen to correct the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the soil. The addition of nitrogen minimizes the amount of nitrogen immobilized (made unavailable to the plant) by soil microbes, leaving most of the residual Corn Product. No corn product is nitrogen for crop uptake early in the seaperfect for every field situation. Each son. On average, 2nd year corn may reproduct reaches maximum performance quire 35 lbs/acre more nitrogen. Utilize a under a specific range of soil types, fertil- soil nitrate test to measure carryover nitroity levels, production practices, and envi- gen. ronmental conditions. Continuous corn will alter phosphorus Some growers may elect to plant the and potassium levels compared to a cornsame product(s) every year in continuous soybean rotation. Corn grain removes corn fields or each year corn is planted more phosphorus and less potassium per when rotating crops. Growers doing so acre but large amounts of potassium remust make sure the products they main in the decaying plant residues. Soil choose for their fields are selected to tests should be conducted to calculate optimize yield and minimize risks from requirements based on yield goal, residual nature and pest problems. mounts, and economics. As precision agriculture makes farming Starter fertilizer, applied during planting, more complex and as more advanced regardless of tillage method may give traits are developed, increasing genetic plants an early boost. Zinc may be added diversity will become more important dependent on the results of the soil test. than in the past. Genetic diversity simResidue and Drought Manageply means planting a portfolio of prodment. Crop residue management in a ucts containing different genetic backcontinuous corn rotation is frequently a grounds. Products used in your fields should be selected to maximize yield and challenge. Reduced tillage or no-till systems have been utilized in recent years reduce your risk from pests or the enviprimarily to minimize soil erosion and ronment during the growing season. conserve soil moisture. Reduced tillage Fertility. An obvious management practices can be used profitably, with little decision in a continuous corn situation is or no additional risk, in a corn-soybean application of additional nitrogen to rotation. However, this approach must be make up for the loss of nitrogen proused with prior planning in continuous corn. Producers managing continuous corn cropping systems often face different issues than a traditional corn-soybean rotation. Specifically, issues such as product selection, nitrogen fertility, residue and drought management, and disease management top the list for continuous corn.
A first year corn crop often results in more than 10,000 pounds of residue per acre after harvest. Unfortunately, corn has a relatively low tolerance to high levels of surface residue, especially when the soil is cool or poorly drained (wet).
Figure 1. Be sure when planting continuous corn that your fields have adequate nutrients to support a corn crop.
Economical risk increases as less tillage is used for continuous corn, especially over the long term. Crop development can be delayed and yields reduced in years that are wet and cool. Crop residue on the soil 2
surface serves as a habitat for overwintering diseases, such as gray leaf spot and anthracnose. The degree of risk is highly dependent on environmental conditions and how well the continuous corn system is managed. The same residue that creates problems under wet, cool conditions can be beneficial when the corn crop is under drought conditions. Based on soil texture, organic matter, and surface residue, every tillage pass can result in a loss of at least ¼ inch of soil moisture. Where droughty conditions are more of the norm than moist, cool conditions, any means to limit residue disturbance may be beneficial. Strip till may be a consideration as it limits soil and residue disturbance and provides a relatively debris free strip for faster soil warming. The quicker warm up in the tilled strip may allow for quicker planting compared to no-till. An earlier planting date generally allows corn plants to develop under more favorable conditions as it relates to drought and heat stress. Additionally, since less soil is disturbed with strip till, smaller amounts of surface weed seed are incorporated. Therefore, a non-incorporated herbicide program may be used. Optimum weed control can keep weeds from utilizing available water. Consider using YieldGard VT Triple™ corn products to control European corn borer and rootworm. Seed treated with Poncho® 250 Seed Applied Insecticide reduces the risk of damage from secondary insects such as wireworm and seedcorn maggot. Water intake, particularly during drought conditions, can be compromised by insect feeding on roots and stalks. Disease Management. (Continued on Page 3)
A publication of
WINTER 2008
Corn on Corn Management Decisions (Continued from Page 2)
Several diseases come to the forefront when discussing continuous corn under minimum tillage operations particularly. These diseases include northern corn leaf blight, eyespot, gray leaf spot, and anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rots. Northern corn leaf blight and eyespot are associated with continuous corn as spores on residue are splashed or blown onto corn leaves. Resistant products are available. Gray Leaf Spot. Gray leaf spot is usually not a large concern in Ontario and Quebec because of the lower humidity compared to areas south. However, plant resistance is the best strategy to control gray leaf spot under any tillage situation. Anthracnose Leaf Blight. Similar to the other diseases, anthracnose leaf blight is best controlled by selecting products with genetic resistance.
Burying residues by tillage may be helpful to fight these diseases if susceptible products must be grown. Headline®, a broad-spectrum fungicide with a high level of activity on the major foliar corn diseases, may be used. Consult the Headline label for specifics. Always Read and Follow Pesticide Label Directions.
• Harvest fields with the
greatest level of rotted stalks first.
In summary, deciding to manage continuous corn comes with several management concerns different than a cornsoybean rotation. Weighing the positives and negatives these new decisions create may result in field-to-field deciStalk Rots. Control of stalk rot is based sions rather than a whole-farm transition on reducing crop stress from factors to continuous corn. such as lack of moisture, leaf diseases, Please consult your local DEKALB repinsect injury, and nutritional stress. To resentative for additional information reduce the effects of stalk rot diseases, follow as many of the following manage- regarding continuous corn management. ment practices as possible: Source: Mahdi Al-Kaisi. Does dry weather limit tillage options? April 15, 2002. Integrated Crop Management. Iowa State University. Http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2002/4-152002/drytill.html.
• Select products with good standability
and resistance to leaf blight diseases. • Adjust soil fertility to recommenda-
tions based on a soil test. Avoid excessive rates of nitrogen in relation to potassium. • Plant at populations recommended for
the product grown.
R.L. Nielson et al. Mitigate the Downside Risks of Corn Following Corn. November 11, 2007. Corny News Network Atricles. Purdue University. http://www.agry.Purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/Corn Corn.html G. Randall, and others. 1996. Tillage Best Management Practices for Continuous Corn in the Minnesota River Basin. Univ. of Minnesota Extension. FO-06672.
Corn Planting Populations (Continued from Page 1)
In general, we suggest increasing planting rates 5-10 percent higher than your desired final plant stand. For example, for a grower to obtain a final corn stand of 30,000 plants per acre, they should plant 31,500 to 33,000 corn seeds per acre. Keep in mind that some hybrids may respond differently to increased populations. For more information about corn product placement for your fields, please contact your local DEKALB representative.
220 Yield (bushels per acre)
should be adjusted about 5 to 10 percent higher than the target harvest plant count instead of basing population targets on planting rate alone. Yield increases were observed over nearly all populations tested, while harvest moisture and test weights were similar in all cases. Results also indicated that when the crop was not limited by moisture or nitrogen, the yield benefit of even higher planting rates continued to increase (Figure 2).
200
200 173
180 160
178
185
192
148
140 120 20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Harvest Population (plants per acre) Figure 2. Corn yield effects from increasing populations. Source: Monsanto, Quebec 2004-2007, 38 comparisons per population. A publication of
3
WINTER 2008
Agronomic Benefits of Multiple Traits YieldGard VT Triple Corn Yield ing YieldGard VT Triple saw doubledigit yield advantage over competing seed Advantage Higher yields have been the expectation of growers who plant DEKALB corn containing YieldGard VT Triple traits. How much of an increase might be reasonable to expect? Recent harvest data from across the United States showed that farmers who planted corn contain-
European corn borer and corn rootworms, coupled with Roundup Ready® 2 corn brands and technologies in 2007. Data from nearly 1,700 on-farm field trials technology. These genetic properties translate into protecshowed an average of more than 14.6 tion of the corn plant and root tissue bushel per acre advantage for YieldGard against these insect pests long into the VT Triple compared to competitive variegrowing season, and ultimately into ties which included Herculex ®Xtra traits. less plant stress. Less stress allows the production of top corn yields across a YieldGard VT Triple corn has vector wide range of environments. transferred genetic protection against
Source: Darren Wallis, Farmers Across the U.S. Realize Double-Digit Yield Advantage From DEKALB® Corn Seeds With Triple-Stacked Traits, December 14, 2007 Monsanto News Releases
HiStick® N/T Field Trial Results A total of 21 large scale field trials were conducted in western Ontario in 2007 with HiStick ®N/T inoculants. The results of these trials show an average yield advantage of 1.2 bushels of additional soybeans over soybeans with no inoculants. High yielding soybeans can require up to 315 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Up to 75% of that total nitrogen requirement needs to be met through fixation by the nitrogen fixing rhizobium bacteria HiStick® N/T soybean inoculant, with BioStacked™ technology, contains con-
GROWING KNOWLEDGE®
centrations of two types of beneficial organisms. It contains Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the nodule forming bacteria, and Bacillus subtillis , the organism that supplies Nodulating Trigger™ technology. Inoculating with HiStick insures that the newly germinating soybean has access to the nitrogen fixing bacteria, so that nodule formation begins early in the growth process. In addition, Bacillus subtillis suppresses fungal root disease organisms such as fusarium, rhizoctonia, and aspergillis.
Conditions for Inoculating in Rotated Soybean Ground •
Low organic matter.
•
Sandy soils.
•
Low pH.
•
Poor drainage and flooded soils.
•
Prolonged periods of drought.
•
Old rotated soybean ground.
A Key Source For Local Agronomic Information
Always Read and Follow IRM and Grain Marketing Requirements. IMPORTANT: The following information is current as of January 16, 2008 YieldGard Plus and YieldGard Rootworm with Roundup Ready Corn 2 are grandfathered for import and use in processed feed in the E.U. YieldGard Plus with Roundup Ready Corn 2, YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2 and YieldGard VT Triple are neither approved nor grandfathered and there is zero tolerance for these traits in processed feed imported in the E.U. Growers of all products bearing the Market Choices mark must talk to their grain handler to confirm the handler's buying position for grain from these products. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Always Read and Follow Pesticide Label Directions. Individual results may vary, and performance may vary from location to location and from year to year. This result may not be an indicator of results you may obtain as local growing, soil and weather conditions may vary. Growers should evaluate data from multiple locations and years whenever possible. Roundup Ready® crops contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® agricultural herbicides. Roundup® agricultural herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. DEKALB and DEKALB design are registered trademarks of DEKALB Genetics Corporation, Monsanto Canada Inc., licensee. Growing Knowledge®, Growing Knowledge and Design, Roundup®, Roundup Ready®, and YieldGard VT Triple™ are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC, Monsanto Canada, Inc. licensee. BioStacked™, Nodulating Trigger™, and HiStick® are Trademarks of Becker Underwood. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2008 Monsanto Company A publication of
Please visit us online at www.DEKALB.ca
4
