Hand Powered

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ON-LINE CATALOGUE PARRY ASSOCIATES MACHINES AND MOULDS MAKE MODERN LIVING A PRACTICAL PROPOSITION EVEN IN REMOTE LOCATIONS. Certain moulds supplied in partnership with Armcon Moulds UK (www.armcon.co.uk) YOU CAN MANUFACTURE EFFICIENT, ECONOMICAL, LIGHTWEIGHT BUILDING MATERIALS USING LOCAL RESOURCES

CONTENTS               

Table Formats – Electric & Hand Powered Roman II/Pantile Roof Tile Equipment Super Roman Roof Tile Equipment Semi Sheet Roof Tile Equipment High and Dry Lightweight Floor/Ceiling Equipment Quality Control Equipment Ridges and Other Roofing Details Building Block Plants – Electric & Hand Powered Water Tank Plant Storage Unit Plant Wall/Floor Tile Plant Paving Slab Plant Decorative Products Clay Building Material Equipment Raw Materials/Typical Mixes

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pages 2-3 pages 4-5 pages 6-7 pages 8-9 pages 10-11 page 12 page 13 pages 14-16 pages 17-18 pages 19-20 pages 21-22 pages 23-25 pages 26-28 pages 29-30 pages 31-32

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS TABLE FORMATS AVAILABLE – ELECTRIC Table-Top Unit (TTU) - The smallest version of the Roman II/Pantile Roof Tile making machines. This unit uses the Multivibe detachable vibrator and needs to be attached to a workbench to provide the correct working height. It is also possible to make floor tiles and small concrete slabs on the TTU. Super Roman versions are also available.

Workstation – The standard Roof Tile making machine available for Roman II/Pantile and in a larger Super Roman format. These tables can be used with Fast Moulding Units (FMU) for rapid production.

Easyvibe – A low cost version of the plain TTU using a built in vibrator instead of a Multivibe. This unit was designed specifically for concrete block and slab making.

Semi Sheet (NS) Table – The largest roofing product vibrating table originally designed for Semi Sheets, but also very effective for producing slabs and floor tiles.

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MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS TABLE FORMATS AVAILABLE – HAND POWERED HP SEMI SHEET TABLE – A new machine designed to reproduce the work of a Semi Sheet Table, but with hand powered vibrators.

Semi Sheets can also be produced at floor level. This table is normally supplied in a compact format with the table at floor level. In this mode, it can be used to produce concrete blocks.

Alternatively, the table can be mounted on a workbench to suit Semi Sheet production.

HP Table – hand powered version of the Easyvibe, designed for areas remote from electrical supplies. Ideal for blocks and slabs.

HP Workstation – The standard Hand Powered machine available for both Roman II/Pantile and now Super Roman production. Also highly effective for producing slabs and floor tiles.

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MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIAL PRODUCTS ROMAN II/PANTILE ROOFING TILES – MV PLANT Lightweight concrete tiles provide a high quality, low cost roof. The roof is much cooler to live under than steel sheets and is quiet during thunderstorms. Water collected from the roof will also be clean enough for drinking. A concrete tile roof is very durable as the tiles are unaffected by corrosion. The small format versions – Pantiles/Roman II – need a batten spacing of 40cm.

TILE SHAPES Roman II – is specially designed for tropical climates. A smart, close fitting tile which is fully proven even in hurricanes. This machine will produce 12 tiles per square metre. Pantile – is a traditional shape made to cope with uneven roof structures. A highly versatile product which, like the Roman II will produce 12 tiles per square metre.

Hand Powered and Electric versions are available along with a Dual Power version (the latter at extra cost) Electric version Electric version

Different types of machines are available for this plant:- a) Plain Table Top Unit (TTU), b) Table Top with workstation – which brings the vibrating table up to working height, and c) Table Top with workstation and hopper – a raised container to hold mortar within easy reach of the operator.

A single machine will usually be able to fill a maximum of 400 moulds in an 8-hour working day, employing 5 workers. Typical plants usually include quantities of moulds in the region of 100,200, or 400 per machine producing 500, 1000, or 2000 tiles per week. Other quantities can be supplied upon request. Hand Powered version

Tiles can be made in thickness of 8mm or 10mm by using different thickness of screeding frame.

A typical plant consists of: A) Screeding frames with Multivibe B) Accessory pack and C) 100 Pantile/Roman II mould tops usually supplied with wooden frames Prices shown overleaf for Roman II plants are the same as prices for Pantile plants. 4

MV 500 Roman II Roof Tile Plant - Electric Capacity - Roof tile output per day Square metres of roof EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

100 Per day 8 Per day Unit Cost

A MACHINE (Can also be supplied Hand Powered ) Multivibe detachable vibrator - 12 volt DC 4 amp Table top' vibrating table to fit Multivibe Steel workstation for Tile Machine Screeding frame set - 8mm Roman II & 10mm ridge 220 volt AC mains transformer/Charger B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop, Quality control gauge 2 x float trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh Base for stacking ridge moulds C MOULDS Roman II plastic mould tops c/w interface sheets Wooden frames for plastic moulds c/w nails & glue Double moulds for Ridge Tiles with interface sheets D ROOF DETAILING KIT Dry ridge tool, second nib fixing tool E PACKING

500 Per week 40 Per week Quantity COST

£440.00 £258.50 £187.00 £62.00 £82.50

1 1 1 1 1

£440.00 £258.50 £187.00 £62.00 £82.50

£66.00 £75.00 £29.00 £20.00

1 1 1 1

£66.00 £75.00 £29.00 £20.00

£9.00 £2.75 £20.00

100 100 10

£900.00 £275.00 £200.00

£48.00 £120.00

1 1

£48.00 £120.00

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper Total Cost F.O.B. UK Port

£2,763.00 £100.00 £2,863.00

HP 500 Roman II Roof Tile Plant - Hand Powered Capacity - Roof tile output per day Square metres of roof EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

100 Per day 8 Per day Unit Cost

A MACHINE (Can also be supplied Electric ) Hand powered drive mechanism Rubber mounted table unit - attaches to HP mechanism Steel workstation for Tile Machine Screeding frame set - 8mm Roman II & 10mm ridge B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop, Quality control gauge 2 x float trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh Base for stacking ridge moulds C MOULDS Roman II plastic mould tops with interface sheets Wooden frames for plastic moulds c/w nails & glue Double moulds for Ridge Tiles with interface sheets D ROOF DETAILING KIT Dry ridge tool, second nib fixing tool E PACKING Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation & Inland Freight Total Cost FOB UK Port to

500 Per week 40 Per week Quantity COST

£517.00 £258.50 £187.00 £62.00

1 1 1 1

£517.00 £258.50 £187.00 £62.00

£66.00 £75.00 £29.00 £20.00

1 1 1 1

£66.00 £75.00 £29.00 £20.00

£9.00 £2.75 £20.00

100 100 10

£900.00 £275.00 £200.00

£48.00 £120.00

1 1

£48.00 £120.00 £2,757.50 £100.00 £2,870.00

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MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS

Only 8 Super Roman tiles are required per square metre and the batten spacing is at 50cm. Super Roman tiles have a deep water channel and large overlap which enables them to be used on low pitch roofs and also provide a roof which has a higher performance in extreme weather conditions.

SUPER ROMAN ROOFING TILES – SR PLANT

Super Roman tiles are usually made in 8mm thickness, but 10mm tiles can be produced using an alternative screeding frame. Compared to Roman II and Pantiles, the cost per square metre of roof will usually be lower for Super Romans due to the reduced use of construction timber. These tiles provide a very attractive alternative to other types of roofing. The scale of production depends upon the number of moulds supplied with each machine and the number of workers employed. In practice, a single machine will usually be able to produce a maximum of 300 tiles in an 8-hour working day, employing 4 workers. Typical plants usually include quantities of moulds in the region of 100, 200 or 300 per machine producing 500, 1000 or 1500 tiles per week. Other quantities can be supplied upon request.

Four different types of machines are available for this plant: a) Plain Table Top Unit (TTU), b) Table Top with workstation – which brings the vibrating table up to working height, c) Table Top with workstation and hopper – a raised container to hold mortar within easy reach of the operator.

Hand Powered and Electric versions are available

NOTE: Pantiles and Roman II tiles can be made on the Super Roman machine by using smaller screeding frames and moulds. If incorporating a large format vibrating table, Super Roman tile plants will also be able to produce Parry SemiSheets.

A typical Super Roman plant consists of: A) Screeding machine with Multivibe B) Accessory pack C) 100 Super Roman mould tops usually supplied with wooden frames and interface sheets. Ridge tile equipment is included.

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SR 500 Super Roman Tile Plant - Electric Capacity - Roof tile output per day Square metres of roof EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

100 Per day 25 Per day Unit Cost

A MACHINE (Can also be hand powered) Large format Vibrating Table c/w work station Screeding frame set - 8mm Super Roman, 10mm ridge, 220 volt AC mains transformer (electric m/c only ) B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop 2 x float trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh Screed checker, base for stacking ridge moulds C MOULDS Super Roman plastic mould tops with interface sheets Wooden frames for plastic moulds c/w nails & glue Moulds for variable angle ridge tiles with interfaces D ROOF DETAILING KIT Dry ridge tool, second nib fixing tool E Packing

500 Per week 125 Per week Quantity COST

£1,007.00 £78.00 £82.50

1 1 1

£1,007.00 £78.00 £82.50

£33.00 £75.00 £29.00 £59.00

1 1 1 1

£33.00 £75.00 £29.00 £59.00

£15.00 £3.85 £24.20

100 100 10

£60.50 £120.00

1 1

Total Cost of Ex-works Packed (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation & Inland Freight

£1,500.00 £385.00 £242.00 £60.50 £120.00

£3,671.00 £100.00

Hand Powered Super Roman Tile Plant Capacity - Roof tile output per day Square metres of roof EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

100 Per day 25 Per day Unit Cost

A MACHINE (Can also be electric) Hand Powered drive mechanism Rubber mounted table unit - attaches to HP mechanism Steel workstation for Tile Machine Screeding frame set - 8mm Super Roman, 10mm ridge, B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop 2 x float trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh Screed checker, base for stacking ridge moulds C MOULDS Super Roman plastic mould tops with interface sheets Wooden frames for plastic moulds c/w nails & glue Moulds for variable angle ridge tiles with interfaces D ROOF DETAILING KIT Dry ridge tool, second nib fixing tool E Packing

Total Cost of Ex-works Packed (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation & Inland Freight

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500 Per week 125 Per week Quantity COST

£517.00 £297.00 £187.00 £78.00

1 1 1 1

£517.00 £297.00 £187.00 £78.00

£33.00 £75.00 £29.00 £59.00

1 1 1 1

£33.00 £75.00 £29.00 £59.00

£15.00 £3.85 £24.20

100 100 10

£60.50 £120.00

1 1

£1,500.00 £385.00 £242.00 £60.50 £120.00

£3,582.50 £100.00

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS SEMI SHEET ROOFING TILES – NS PLANT The Parry Semi Sheet is well suited to larger buildings. Four Semi Sheets are required per square metre coverage. Semi Sheets are usually made in 8mm thickness, but 10mm sheets can be produced. Semi Sheets can be used with a fairly light support structure and a batten spacing of 50cm. Hand powered and electric versions are presently available for the production of Semi Sheets. They consist of a large vibrating table which, due to the size of the moulds and the screed , is provided with traversing arms to hold the moulds in place for the screed transfer and also a tilting screed table to ease transfer of screed to mould.

Hand Powered and Electric versions are available

The scale of production depends upon the number of moulds supplied and the number of workers employed. In practice, a single Semi Sheet could fill a maximum of 250 moulds in an 8hour working day, employing 5 workers. NOTE: Pantiles/Roman II and Super Roman tiles can be made on the Semi Sheet machine by using alternative screeding frames and moulds. Paving Slabs and other products can also be

A typical Semi Sheet plant consists of: A) Screeding machine with Multivibe B) Accessory pack and C) 100 mould tops, usually supplied with wooden frames and interface sheets. Ridge tile equipment is normally included

Typical plants usually include moulds in the region of 50 (starter plant), 80, 100 or 200 per machine with an output of 250, 400, 500 or 1000 Semi-Sheets per week

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NS 500 Semi Sheet Production Plant Capacity - Roof tile output per day Square metres of roof EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

100 Per day 25 Per day Unit Cost

A MACHINE (Can also be supplied Hand Powered) Large format table c/w detachable 12 v DC vibrator and workstation for waist level operation Screed Frame set - 8mm Semi Sheet & 10mm Ridge 220 volt AC mains transformer B ACCESSORIES Manual, mortar scoop (small) Ridge sealing block former (dry ridge) 2 x float trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh Demoulding tool & Screed checker Base for stacking ridge moulds C MOULDS Semi Sheet plastic mould tops with interface sheets Wooden frames for plastic moulds c/w nails & glue Moulds for variable angle ridge tiles with interfaces D EXTRA ITEMS Second nib fixing tool Golden Rule tiling template E PACKING

500 Per week 125 Per week Quantity COST

£1,007.00 £99.00 £82.50

1 1 1

£1,007.00 £99.00 £82.50

£33.00 £42.00 £75.00 £29.00 £82.50 £20.00

1 1 1 1 1 1

£33.00 £42.00 £75.00 £29.00 £82.50 £20.00

£24.75 £4.95 £24.20

100 100 10

£46.00 £44.00 £120.00

1 1 1

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation & Inland Freight

£2,475.00 £495.00 £242.00 £46.00 £44.00 £120.00 £4,892.00 £120.00

Hand Powered NS 500 Capacity - Roof tile output per day Square metres of roof EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

100 Per day 25 Per day Unit Cost

A MACHINE (Can also be supplied Electric) Large format table c/w hand powered drive mechanism and workstation for waist level operation Screed Frame set - 8mm Semi Sheet & 10mm Ridge B ACCESSORIES Manual, mortar scoop (small) Ridge sealing block former (dry ridge) 2 x float trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh Demoulding tool & Screed checker Base for stacking ridge moulds C MOULDS Semi Sheet plastic mould tops with interface sheets Wooden frames for plastic moulds c/w nails & glue Moulds for variable angle ridge tiles with interfaces D EXTRA ITEMS Second nib fixing tool Golden Rule tiling template E PACKING Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

500 Per week 125 Per week Quantity COST

£1,007.00 £99.00

1 1

£1,007.00 £99.00

£33.00 £42.00 £75.00 £29.00 £82.50 £20.00

1 1 1 1 1 1

£33.00 £42.00 £75.00 £29.00 £82.50 £20.00

£24.75 £4.95 £24.20

100 100 10

£46.00 £44.00 £100.00

1 1 1

£2,475.00 £495.00 £242.00 £46.00 £44.00 £100.00 £4,789.50 £100.00

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HIGH AND DRY CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS

In order to build lightweight materialsaving floors at ground level or to make upper floors for multi-storey buildings the contractor will need 4 precast components:1. Waffle form 2. Hollow column block 3. Column top slab 4. Concrete temporary positioning bracket

The equipment needed to produce the above elements comprises:1) A large format vibrating table (electric or hand-powered) 2) Waffle setting moulds 600mm square 3) Precasting skirt (attaches to the vibrating table to form the waffles) 4) Setting forms for column top slabs 600mm square 6) Precasting skirt for column top slabs 7) 2-piece steel mould for producing temporary concrete brackets 4 at a time 8) Set of production accessories

The quantity of elements produced each day is controlled by the number of moulds supplied and the labour hours available A typical High and Dry plant consists of: A) Vibrating machine plus attachments B) 20-30 Waffle setting moulds C) 4-5 Column top slab setting forms D) 1 Steel mould for column blocks

THE EQUIPMENT KIT

The vibrating machine can also be used to produce roofing tiles, decorative slabs, hollow and curved blocks FULL TRAINING COURSE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT AVAILABLE 10

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MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS QUALITY CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Quality Control Jig – Usually a standard item in Roman II/Pantile and Super Roman plants. The QC jig is used to examine the shape of tiles after they have been demoulded to check they have been correctly placed on the moulds. The jig can also be used for final quality control of finished products.

Strength tester – Roman II/Pantile – A handy strength tester is available for smaller roof tiles, consisting of a framework to hold the tile and a loading beam which includes weighing scales. This can be supplied with or without a stand.

Strength tester – Super Roman/Semi Sheets – The larger tiles are more suited to strength testing by the direct placement of a load onto the tile or sheet. For this purpose, a shaped loading beam is provided which can be used with measured sacks of cement or sand to test the breaking strength of Parry roofing products.

Impact test – A simple impact tester can be provided consisting of a large steel ball -bearing, which is dropped onto tiles from a measured height. Many customers carry out this test by just dropping a two-pound hammer on to the tile. 12

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS RIDGES AND OTHER ROOFING DETAILS STANDARD RIDGE TILE – Standard ridge moulds can be supplied with Parry plants. They are made on a fixed mould set for a roof pitch of 22 degrees and can produce either two small ridges from a Roman II/ Pantile machine or a simple large ridge from Super Roman/Semi Sheet machines. The ridge moulds can be stacked to save space.

Overlapping Vari-Angle Ridge Tile – This product is more flexible and able to deal with a great variety of roofing designs. The tiles are produced on a hinged mould with inserts to create an overlapping effect between ridge tiles. These tiles can be made at any angle to suit various ridges and hips.

Top Row Tile (Dry Ridge) - A special tool is supplied to modify the tiles used in the top row of the roof by filling the channel, thereby providing a flat surface for the ridge tile to rest upon.

Standard Hip Tile – A modified ridge mould for hips and low-angle roofs.

Valley Tile – A special mould is available to produce a thick valley tile, an alternative to using steel flashing.

Edge Tile – A special fitting is available for Roman II/Pantile tiles to enable them to overlap the edges of a roof giving a superior appearance and protection to the timber structure. Super Roman and Semi Sheet tiles provide a measure of overlap, but special edge tiles can be supplied if required.

Double Nib Tile – For exposed edges of roofs, it is recommended that double nib tiles are used. These are produced on a standard machine with an additional special tool for double nib fixings. The special tiles can be attached to both the upper and lower battens making them secure in extreme weather conditions.

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MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS High quality concrete blocks can be made either hollow or solid using the same moulds. Mechanical vibration is used to produce high density blocks with a low water content. High structural strength can be achieved with low cement content. Blocks are 390mm long, 190mm deep with three alternative thickness’ - 100, 140 and 200mm.

PLAIN BUILDING BLOCKS BLP PLANT (ELECTRIC)

The blocks have a hard wearing surface and a smooth texture compared to most blocks, reducing the need for internal plastering. The number of blocks which can be produced depends upon the number of Multivibes and moulds supplied, as well as the number of workers employed. The block mould is a casting mould, which means the mould is removed whilst the concrete is still wet, allowing the mould to be used repeatedly during the same day. The steel moulds are filled with concrete, vibrated, turned over and removed, leaving the block standing on the floor. In practice, one Multivibe with one block mould will produce over 100 blocks per day, with a possibility of increasing this to 160-200 blocks per day with the addition of a further mould. Here, two workers would be required to take turns to use the Multivibe whilst the other de-moulds. Other workers may be required for mixing etc.

Hand Powered production uses a large format vibrating table of the same type which produces roofing Semi-Sheets

4, 6 and 8 inch are the standard block sizes available. The 4 inch blocks are intended as an economical material for internal walls, 6 inch blocks can be used for both internal and external walls and the 8 inch blocks are an alternative for use in external walls. Other moulds are available from Parry Associates which can be employed with the Multivibe. These include moulds for the production of Water Tanks with an internal diameter of 2m, 3m or 4m. Also moulds for the production of screen blocks and other more decorative items such as patterned walling blocks and balustrades are available.

A typical Block plant consists of: A) Multivibe vibrator B) Small accessory pack C) Block moulds – ‘4 inch’ (100mm), ‘6 inch’ (140mm) and ‘8 inch’ (200mm) D) The packing case can be used as a work table. NOTE: Non-standard sized moulds are available on request.

A hand powered version is also available - see page 15 14

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS High quality concrete blocks can be made either hollow or solid using different moulds. Hand Powered mechanical vibration is used to produce high-density blocks with a low water content. High structural strength can be achieved with low cement content. Blocks are 390mm long, 190mm deep with alternative thickness’ of 100, 140 and 200mm.

PLAIN BUILDING BLOCKS HP BLP PLANT

The blocks have a hard wearing surface and a smooth texture compared to most blocks, reducing the need for internal plastering. The number of blocks which can be produced depends upon the number of vibrators and moulds supplied, as well as the number of workers employed. The block mould is a casting mould which means the mould is removed whilst the concrete is still wet, allowing the mould to be used repeatedly the same day. The steel moulds are filled with concrete, vibrated, turned over and removed, leaving the blocks standing on the floor. In practice, one vibrator with two moulds will produce over 200 blocks per day, with a possibility of increasing this to 320-400 blocks per day with the addition of a further two moulds. An additional worker would be required to fill one pair of moulds whilst the other is demoulding. Further workers may be required for mixing etc.

Block sizes: 4 inch - 390 x 190 x 100mm 6 inch - 390 x 190 x 150mm 8 inch - 390 x 190 x 200mm

4, 6 and 8 inch are the standard block sizes available. The 4 inch blocks are intended as an economical material for internal walls, 6 inch blocks can be used for both internal and external walls and the 8 inch blocks are an alternative for use in external walls. Other moulds are available from Parry Associates which can be produced with the HP vibrators. These include moulds for the production of Water Tanks with an internal diameter of 2m, 3m or 4m. Also moulds for the production of screen blocks and other more decorative items such as patterned walling blocks and balustrades are available.

An electric version is also available - see page 14 A typical Hand Powered Block Plant consists of: A) A Hand Powered (HP) Table B) Small accessory pack and C) Block moulds – ‘4 inch’ (100mm), ‘6 inch’ (140mm) and ‘8 inch’ (200mm) NOTE: Non-standard sized moulds are available. 15

BLOCK MAKING PLANT - ELECTRIC CAPACITY: Number of blocks produced per 8-hour shift 600 approximately EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

Unit Cost

Quantity

COST

A Block Mould - 4"/100mm Block Mould - 6"/150mm Block Mould - 8"/200mm

£220.00 £220.00 £220.00

2 2 2

£440.00 £440.00 £440.00

B 4-amp Multivibe detachable vibrator

£440.00

1

£440.00

C 220 volt AC mains transformer

£82.50

1

£82.50

D Accessory pack: instruction manual, 2 large pointing trowels and spares kit

£49.50

1

£49.50

£120.00

1

£120.00

E Packing Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling)

£2,012.00

HAND POWERED BLOCK MAKING PLANT CAPACITY: Number of blocks produced per 8-hour shift 600 approximately EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

Unit Cost

A Block Mould - 4"/100mm Block Mould - 6"/150mm Block Mould - 8"/200mm

Quantity

COST

£220.00 £220.00 £220.00

2 2 2

£440.00 £440.00 £440.00

B Large format vibrating table c/w hand powered drive mechanism and workstation for waist level operation

£1,007.00

1

£1,007.00

C Accessory pack: instruction manual, 2 large pointing trowels and spares kit

£49.50

1

£49.50

£120.00

1

£120.00

D Packing Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

£2,496.50 £80.00

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MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS WATER TANK BLPW PLANT Specially shaped, curved, and interlocking concrete blocks for Water Tank construction, which are produced using mechanical vibration. They can be made with a low cement content, but still achieve high structural strength. Water Tanks can be built mostly without the need to use reinforcement and are very durable. The durability of Parry Multivibe tanks surpass that of steel or steel-reinforced tanks because they do not contain corrodable materials. Also, Multivibe tanks do not contaminate their contents, so it is possible to collect and store drinking water. Water Tank production with Multivibe interlocking blocks does not require special materials or skills. To construct a tank holding 6,000 litres should take as little as 2-3 days. The blocks are also useful for well construction and components for pit latrines. Other applications include cattle troughs, culverts, arches and vaults.

The block mould is a casting mould, which means the mould is removed whilst the concrete is still wet, allowing the mould to be used repeatedly during the same day. The steel moulds are filled with concrete, vibrated and removed, leaving the block standing on the floor. In practice, one Multivibe with one mould will produce around 80-100 blocks per day, with a possibility of increasing this to 160-200 blocks per day with the addition of a further mould.

A typical Water Tank block plant consists of: A) Multivibe vibrator B) Small accessory pack and C) One of three different water tank moulds – 2m, 3m or 4m. An additional demould-assist accessory is available where producers have to work with extra-sticky materials. 17

WATER TANK UNIT - 2/3/4metre DIA CAPACITY: Number of blocks produced per 8 hour shift 80 E QU IP ME N T D E S CR IP T ION Unit Cost

Approx Quantity

A Block Mould - 2m, 3m or 4m

£220.00

1

B 4amp Multivibe detachable vibrator

£440.00

1

C Accessory Pack: Instruction manual, 2 large pointing trowels and spares kit

£49.50

1

D Transformer

£82.50

1

E Packing

£80.00

1

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

18

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS STORAGE UNIT SU PLANT

3 LEVEL SECURE STORAGE OF WATER AND PRODUCE. The Parry Storage Unit is derived from the existing open top Water Tank produced by the BLPW plant. The addition of rigid, impermeable cover improves the quality of the Water Tank by preventing the growth of algae in the water and contamination by wind-blown debris and animals. The tank can be used for rainwater storage by connecting it to roof gutters or by using conventional pumps. All necessary plumbing can be installed during construction, including taps for removing water and for emptying the tank. The central hatch in the tank roof provides easy access for cleaning and maintenance. The Storage room underneath is intended for material such as grain, rice and other foodstuffs. All three slabs at ground level, supporting the water tank and providing the cap to the tank are built using Parry’s material-saving waffle precast formwork units.

Vibrating table with moulds and accessories

The ‘A’ unit illustrated above will contain 3000 litres of water and provide 40 cubic metres of internal storage. A team of 3 workers will be able to produce all of the elements needed for one Storage Unit in one working week.

Option plan sizes for Storage Units to this design are: A) 2.4m x 2.4m with 2m diameter tank B) 3.6m x 3.6m with 3m diameter tank C) 4.8m x 4.8m with 4m diameter tank A typical plant consists of: 1) Multivibe vibrators with vibrating table 2) Small accessory pack and 3) 20-30 Waffle setting moulds 4) 4-5 Column top slab setting forms 5) 1 Steel mould for column blocks 6) 1 Steel mould for concrete brackets

19

STORAGE UNIT SU1 - 2/3/4metre DIA Ca pa city: To produce 1 storage tank of 2m, 3m, or 4m diameter per week E QU IP ME N T D E S CR IP T ION Unit Cost Quantity A B C D E F G H I

Curved block mould - 2m, 3m or 4m Large format vibrating table - Electric or Hand Powered Set of attachments for forming 600mm square 'waffles' Steel braced PVC 'waffle' setting moulds 3-Piece steel mould for column blocks Steel skirt for forming 600mm square column top slabs Setting forms for column top slabs 2-Piece steel mould for prop-support pads (4-imp) Accessory Pack: 2 floats, 2 trowels, mortar measuring scoop, mortar template & manual J Block accessory pack: float, trowel & manual K Packing Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

20

£220.00 £1,007.00 £495.00 £30.00 £385.00 £38.50 £22.00 £66.00 £115.50 £132.00 £240.00

1 1 1 22 1 1 4 1 1 1 1

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS WALL AND FLOOR TILE PLANTS HIGH QUALITY VIBRATED CONCRETE TILES FOR USE ON WALLS AND SOME FLOORS The 6 inch (150 x 150mm) wall tiles can be made in varying thickness using the same moulds – anywhere between 812mm. Coloured tiles can be produced using locally available pigments. Pigmented tiles can be made plain or patterned with polished or lacquered tiles giving a top quality floor covering. The quantity of pigment required could be kept very small, as it is easy to make tiles that are only pigmented on the surface using the standard moulds. These tiles are made by coating the mould with a pigment/cement mix. 8mm thick tiles are used on walls to improve the interior of a building. As they are made from vibrated concrete, the tiles have a smooth, easy-to-clean surface – a great improvement over plaster and paint. The 12mm thick 6 inch tiles can also be used as a floor covering and if laid over a normal concrete slab, they give a smart, wear resistant floor surface. The 9 inch (225 x 225mm) 16mm thick floor tiles are laid over a normal concrete floor slab to give a smart, wear resistant surface. 32mm thick tiles can be used over a slightly stabilised bed of sand or laterite. A simple bed of sand or earth can be used for economy in rooms other than bathrooms and kitchens.

Hand Powered and Electric versions are available

Plant

Number Tile Size of Moulds (mm)

Number of Weekly OutCavities in put (tiles) Mould

WT500

35

150 x 150

3

525

WT1000 70

150 x 150

3

1050

FT500

50

225 x 225

2

500

FT1000

100

225 x 225

2

1000

FT2000

200

225 x 225

2

2000

A small to medium scale plant would consist of: A) A vibrating table B) A set of double or triple cavity moulds (see table above) plus accessories C) Tools and instruction manual. A low cost plain vibrating table can be supplied or alternatively a roof tile unit may be used. 21

Multivibe Wall Tile Plant Capacity - Tile output per day Square metres of floor (6" tiles) EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

300 per day 6.9 per day

A MACHINE Multivibe detachable vibrator - 12 volt DC 4 amp Plain 'Table Top' vibrating table to fit Multivibe Steel workstation for tile machine 220 volt AC mains transformer B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop 2 x trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh C MOULDS (Synthetic rubber) 6" square, 12mm deep, 3 impressions D Packing

1500 per week 35 per week Unit Cost Quantity COST £440.00 £242.00 £187.00 £82.50

1 1 1 1

£440.00 £242.00 £187.00 £82.50

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

1 1 1

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

£42.00 £140.00

100 1

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

£4,200.00 £140.00 £5,423.00 £100.00

Multivibe Floor Tile Plant Capacity - Tile output per day Square metres of floor (9" tiles) EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

200 per day 10.0 per day

A MACHINE Multivibe detachable vibrator - 12 volt DC 4 amp Plain 'Table Top' vibrating table to fit Multivibe Steel workstation for tile machine 220 volt AC mains transformer B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop 2 x trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh C MOULDS (Synthetic rubber) 9" square, 32mm deep, 2 impressions D Packing Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

1000 per week 50 per week Unit Cost Quantity COST £440.00 £242.00 £187.00 £82.50

1 1 1 1

£440.00 £242.00 £187.00 £82.50

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

1 1 1

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

£31.00 £140.00

100 1

£3,100.00 £140.00 £4,323.00 £100.00

22

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS

18”/450MM, 24”/600MM AND DECORATIVE PAVING SLABS SUPPLIED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH ‘ARMCON LTD’ (www.armcon.co.uk)

PAVING SLABS LS1000

18” paving slabs can be used to make paths, patios and other paved areas look stylish and special. The paving should be laid on a firm level base of sand, aggregate or on suitable concrete bedding.

Hexagonal

HEXAGONAL

24” paving slabs also can be used for paths and patios, but with additional use for sidewalks, pavements and drives. They will support light vehicles if laid on a firm, level base. Unless laid on a concrete base, the slabs are not recommended for areas where heavy vehicle use is anticipated.

Spanish

SPANISH

HERRINGBONE

Concrete paving slabs can be made with different textures and patterns depending on the moulds used. They can also be produced in a range of colours with the addition of pigments. Paving slabs with texture take the same amount of time to produce and require the same quantity of materials to make as plain slabs, although they can attract high market prices as a ‘luxury’ product.

Hand Powered and Electric versions are available

The paving slabs are made on either the Semi Sheet vibrating table or the low cost plain vibrating table. The moulds come in two parts: vacuum formed liners made from a specially adapted robust grade of polypropylene and timber support frames which are often made by the customer using local materials. The scale of production depends on the number of moulds, each one being used only once per day.

For production of paving slabs you require a vibrating table, mould liners with wooden frames and accessories, tools and an instruction manual. The vibrating table and accessories, used for roofing production, can be adapted to paving slab production.

Larger mains/electric vibrating tables can be supplied by ‘Armcon Ltd’

A small to medium scale plant would consist of: A) Plain vibrating table B) 200 paving slab moulds plus accessories and C) Tools and instruction manual

23

MV Based Floor Slab Production Plant Capacity - Slab output per day Square metres of floor (small deco) Capacity - Slab output per day Square metres of floor (18") Capacity - Slab output per day Square metres of floor (24") EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

50 8 100 22 50 19

A MACHINE (can also be hand-powered) Multivibe detachable vibrator - 12 volt DC 4 amp Plain 'Table top' vibrating table - to fit Multivibe Steel workstation for Table top unit 220 volt AC mains transformer B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop 2 x trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh C MOULDS (Please specify exact pattern) 18" nominal decorative shaped, textured slab moulds 18" square textured slab moulds 24" square textured slab moulds Sample of wooden support frame for moulds D PACKING

Per day Per day Per day Per day Per day Per day Unit Cost

250 42 500 111 250 93 Quantity

Per week Per week Per week Per week Per week Per week COST

£440.00 £242.00 £187.00 £82.50

1 1 1 1

£440.00 £242.00 £187.00 £82.50

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

1 1 1

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

£26.00 £20.00 £26.00 £6.00 £180.00

50 100 50 1 1

£1,300.00 £2,000.00 £1,300.00 £6.00 £180.00

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper Total Cost F.O.B. UK Port

£5,869.00 £100.00 £5,969.00

Hand-Powered Floor Slab Production Plant Capacity - Slab output per day Square metres of floor (small deco) Capacity - Slab output per day Square metres of floor (18") Capacity - Slab output per day Square metres of floor (24") EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

50 8 100 22 50 19

A MACHINE Large format vibrating table c/w hand powered drive mechanism and workstation for waist level operation B ACCESSORIES Manual, 8mm mortar scoop 2 x trowels, sand & cement batching boxes Sample sieve mesh C MOULDS (Please specify exact pattern) 18" nominal decorative shaped, textured slab moulds 18" square textured slab moulds 24" square textured slab moulds Sample of wooden support frame for moulds D PACKING Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper Total Cost F.O.B. UK Port

Per day Per day Per day Per day Per day Per day Unit Cost

250 42 500 111 250 93 Quantity

Per week Per week Per week Per week Per week Per week COST

£1,007.00

1

£1,007.00

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

1 1 1

£27.50 £75.00 £29.00

£26.00 £20.00 £26.00 £6.00 £180.00

50 100 50 1 1

£1,300.00 £2,000.00 £1,300.00 £6.00 £180.00 £5,924.50 £80.00 £6,004.50

24

MOULDS AND LINERS Supplied in partnership with ARMCON moulds (www.armcon.co.uk)

450 x 450 x 38mm 04QUL10 04CBL10 04COB10 04QUA10 04BLO10 04HER10 04CRA10 04CRI10 04RV210 04CHW10 04PLC10 04STC10 04SUN10 04RUS10 04DOG10 04YOR10

Large quadrant Large cobble pattern Cobble Pattern Quadrant pattern Block pattern Herringbone pattern Crazy paving Cracked ice pattern Riven pattern 2 Wavy edge, Cheshire stone Plain with chamfer Random cobble Sundial pattern Rustic pattern Interlocking block Yorkstone

04QUL10

04COB10

04BLO10

04 CRA10

04RV210

04PLC10

04YOR10

04DOG10

04CBL10

04QUA10

04HER10

04CRI10

Other shapes and sizes...

04SPH10 04SOV10 04SPA10

Spanish horizontal half Spanish vertical half Spanish pattern

This range of highly flexible moulds produce a very desirable sand stone (anti-slip) finish, combined with an all over stone look.

25

04RUS10

04STC10

04SUN10

04CHW10

NEW ‘I’ BLOCK PAVING

A new product of the Parry range, which is a major development for countries with considerable block paving potential. The moulding system can make blocks of various depths without duplication of most of the equipment.

The items of equipment needed to produce Parry 'I' blocks are as follows:  A large format vibrating table  a 4-impression mould c/w pusher plate (for repeatable use)  Steel Stacking Bases (for transfer and stacking)  NB: The 'I' block product can also be demoulded onto the floor without using this stacking equipment  Stacking Base retaining frame  A trowel  A measuring scoop The mixture for 'I' blocks is 1 part cement, 4 parts sand and 5 parts gravel (not larger than 6mm in diameter). The mixture should be fairly dry, allowing the option to add water during the manufacturing process. The de-moulding agent should be 1 part engine oil to 4 parts Kerosene. ALSO AVAILABLE : Indicative prices: 1 x Large format vibrating table 1 x 4-Impression steel mould

£1007.00

6-impression 'Z' block steel mould c/w pusher plate. 6impression Rectangular (these patterns can be turned out directly onto the floor and the moulds used repeatedly during the day and cost £385.00 each

£330.00

10 x Steel stacking bases (each) (quantity to suit requirements)

£30.00

1 x Stacking base retaining frame

£61.00

All above prices ex-works unpacked

26

DECORATIVE PRODUCTS BALUSTRADE SUPPORT PILLARS, RAILS AND PLINTHS Supplied in partnership with ARMCON moulds (www.armcon.co.uk)

Self-sealing moulds with fast action clamps to allow speedy production and blemish free products – no bolts, nuts or tools. No leakage. Full dimensional drawings available.

‘STANDARD’ BALUSTRADE ORDER CODE 32 BAL10 32 BAL 15 32 BAL 17 32 BAL 100 32 BAL 200 32 BAL 50**

DESCRIPTION Standard pillar mould complete – 450mm high Square pedestal to suit - 450mm pillar Plinth top to suit pedestal – 450mm pillar Rail mould complete – 600mm long x 195mm wide Base mould complete – 600mm long x 215mm wide Large pillar mould complete – 800mm high

**‘LARGE’ BALUSTRADE GARDEN AND LAWN EDGING Flexible and durable moulds that are fast to use and completely leak free, to give the best quality product. Curves, straights and shorts available to construct any garden shape with or without mowing step.

32 ROP 10 32 ROP 20 32 ROP 80 32 ROP 900 32 ROP 910 32 ROP 920 32 ROP 50 32 STO 15

Straight mould – 600mm long Straight mould – 450mm long Straight mould with mowing step 600mm long Radius mould – 45 degree segment/1800mm nom dia Radius mould with mowing step - internal Radius mould with mowing step – external Twin impression, end pillar mould Divider block for straight moulds 140mm long 27

BALUSTRADE – These are produced from a synthetic rubber mould and can be used to provide decorative borders for gardens, patios and terraces. A variety of sizes are available and can be made on all vibrating tables or by using a Multivibe alone.

COPING STONES – Not only do these provide a finish, they will protect garden walls from water penetration. A vibrating table is required for production.

DECORATIVE WALLING BLOCKS – A stone effect wall can be produced using blocks made from these plastic moulds. A vibrating table is required for production. Please note that these moulds require overnight setting of concrete and cannot be demoulded immediately.

WINDOW FRAMES – Moulds for producing small concrete window frames to put in a block wall can be supplied. Each frame takes the place of three blocks and glass or transparent plastic can be fitted.

28

BALUSTRADES EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION A B C D

Unit Cost

6amp Multivibe detachable vibrator Plain 'Table Top' vibrating table to fit Multivibe 450mm (18") high Balustrade mould Packing

Quantity

£440.00 £242.00 £216.00 £100.00

1 1 1 1

COST £440.00 £242.00 £216.00 £100.00

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

£998.00 £80.00

DECORATIVE WALLING BLOCKS EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION A B C D

Unit Cost

6amp Multivibe detachable vibrator Plain 'Table Top' vibrating table to fit Multivibe Decorative Walling Blocks Packing

Quantity

£440.00 £242.00 £53.00 £100.00

1 1 20 1

COST £440.00 £242.00 £1,060.00 £100.00

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

£1,842.00 £80.00

WINDOW FRAMES EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION A B C D

Unit Cost

6amp Multivibe detachable vibrator Inner mould for Window Frame (makes 1 window frame per day) Outer Skirt for Window Frame (1 required per set of 10 Inner mlds) Packing

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper

£440.00 £81.00 £110.00 £100.00

Quantity 1 20 2 1

COST £440.00 £1,620.00 £220.00 £100.00 £2,380.00 £80.00

29

CLAY BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS

TYPE ‘F’ BRICK PRESS – A highly successful upgrade from the Type E which combines simple hand made bricks with a high quality pressed finish. A single Type ‘F’ Brick Press can produce up to 1000 clay bricks per day with no external power required.

Finished brick size after drying and firing. PENDULUM CLAY CRUSHER – The crusher is used with dry clay or soil to produce finely ground particles, which can be converted to an effective brick clay by overnight tempering with water. The crusher is manually powered but can produce enough clay to feed two brick presses. We also now produce a ‘Stone Crusher’ for crushing small stones into aggregate. With typical clays and shales, the crusher can process over 20 kg per minute/1 tonne per hour.

COMPRESSED SOIL BLOCK MAKING MACHINE – Manually operated press for stabilised soil block production. You can make consistently accurate blocks from a variety of local soils.  Quick operation  Leverage produces high compression Capacity of 200 blocks per day. The addition of 10% cement to the soil produces a permanent waterproof product.

PARRY CLAY TILE SYSTEM – A set consisting of moulds, roller press and plastic drying forms, enabling the small brick maker to produce clay Pantiles. Typical production is 200 tiles per day. The finished size of the clay pantiles is 350 x 270 x 14mm thick with an effective coverage of 260 x 230mm (about 16 tiles per square metre of roof surface).

Clay Tiles 30

STABILISED SOIL BLOCK PRESS EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

Unit Cost

A MACHINE Stabilised Soil Block Press - "CINVA RAM" Fully assembled - ready for use B ACCESSORIES Loading Scoop and Instruction Manual C Packing Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper Total Cost FOB UK. Port

Quantity

COST

£660.00

1

£660.00

£33.00

1

£33.00

£50.00

1

£50.00 £743.00 £80.00 £823.00

CLAY CRUSHER CAPACITY: Capable of crushing 2 to 16kg of clay per minute depending upon hardness of clay EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION Unit Cost Quantity A Pendulum Clay Crusher complete with Hopper Barrow & instruction manual B Packing

COST

£2,046.00

1

£2,046.00

£140.00

1

£140.00

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper Total Cost F.O.B. U.K. Port

£2,186.00 £80.00 £2,266.00

Type 'F' Brick Press CAPACITY: To produce 800-1000 bricks per 8 hour shift EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION A Brick Press for soft clay - Manual type 'F' Supplied complete with instruction manual B Packing

Total Cost Ex-Works (UK Pounds Sterling) Documentation and Inland Freight to shipper Total Cost F.O.B. U.K. Port

Unit Cost

Quantity

COST

£990.00

1

£990.00

£80.00

1

£80.00

£1,070.00 £80.00 £1,150.00

31

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS RAW MATERIALS For Micro Concrete Roofing (MCR) Roman II, Super Roman, Semi Sheet roofing, Hollow Formwork Units (waffles), Floor Tiles, Wall Tiles, Paviors, Balustrades and Copings:   

Cement – Ordinary Portland Cement is suitable. Slow setting pozzolanic cements (sometimes known as ‘Masonry Cement’) should be avoided. Sand – Sand should not contain more than 10% clay or silt as this may cause strength and porosity problems. Gravel – Stones should range in size from 2mm-4mm for 6mm thick tiles and 2mm-5mm for 8mm or 10mm thick tiles. Better results will obtained from crushed or angular particles.

For Fibre Concrete Roofing (FCR) Roman II, Super Roman and Semi Sheet roofing and Storage Unit arches: 

Fibre – many different fibres can be used, the most common being sisal, jute, henequen, flax, hemp, manila or coconut coir. Artificial fibres such as polypropylene and glass can also be used.

For Water Tanks, Storage Units and Blocks:   

Cement – Ordinary Portland Cement is suitable. Slow setting pozzolanic cements (sometimes known as ‘Masonry Cement’) should be avoided. Sand – Ordinary ‘builders’ sand will be suitable for the production of good quality concrete blocks. Gravel – Stones should be smaller than 10mm in size. Better results will be obtained from crushed or angular particles.

For Building Blocks:    

Cement – Ordinary Portland Cement is suitable. Slow setting pozzolanic cements (sometimes known as ‘Masonry Cement’) should be avoided. Sand – Ordinary ‘builders’ sand will be suitable for the production of good quality concrete blocks. Gravel – Stones should be smaller than 10mm in size. Better results will be obtained from crushed or angular particles. Sandcrete – (ie – sand & cement only) can be used but cement content will need to be higher.

32

MULTIVIBE & HAND POWERED BUILDING MATERIALS PRODUCTS

TYPICAL MIXES FOR MICRO-CONCRETE (MC) AND FIBRE CONCRETE (FC) PRODUCTS

Element produced

Suggested Mixes

CEMENT All roofing tiles and thin-walled products.

Slabs, Floor tiles, Wall tiles, Beams and other load-bearing items. Hollow concrete blocks Interlocking blocks, water tank blocks and hollow formwork units (waffles).

MC #1 MC#2 FC

SAND

GRAVEL

FIBRE

25% 25% 25%

25% 35% 75%

50% 40% -

Approximately 0.5% of total

-

15-20%

30-50%

30-50%

-

Option 1 Option 2

10% 10%

60% 40%

30% 50%

-

-

20%

40%

40%

-

MC #1 = Micro-Concrete (Fine Sand) MC #2 = Micro-Concrete (Coarse Sand) FC = Fibre Concrete

Option 1 = Coarse Gravel Option 2 = Fine Gravel

The above mixes should be used for initial guidance at the commencement of a project. Materials tend to be different in different localities and precast product manufacturers usually modify the proportions of the raw materials used to achieve optimum performance. 33