Heirlooms, Hybrids, and GMOs
7/6/2017
1
7/6/2017
Open Pollinated •generally refers to seeds that will "breed true." When the plants of an open-pollinated variety selfpollinate, or are pollinated by another representative of the same variety, the resulting seeds will produce plants roughly identical to their parents.
Heirloom •a plant variety that has a history of being passed down within a family or community, similar to the generational sharing of heirloom jewelry or furniture. An heirloom variety must be open-pollinated.
2
7/6/2017
Choice of interesting/exciting varieties
Often lack disease/pest resistance
Interesting histories
May not grow well in different region
Can be adapted regionally
Unpredictability/ low yield
Hybrid • Hybridization is a controlled method of pollination in which the pollen of two different species or varieties is crossed by human intervention. Hybridization can occur naturally through random crosses, but commercially available hybridized seed, often labeled as F1, is deliberately created to breed a desired trait.
You CANNOT save seeds from a hybrid plant.
3
7/6/2017
4
7/6/2017
Genomic/Marker Assisted Cross Breeding Increased disease/pest resistance
May lack interest factor of heirlooms
Hybrid vigor/ higher yields
May not grow well in different region
Often adaptable to many regions
Inconsistency with saved seed
GMO •Genetically Modified Organism. A term used to describe an organism where individual genes for desired traits are introduced through direct introduction rather than cross-breeding. Due to confusion and misuse of the term, a better term is Genetically Engineered.
Hybrids are GMOs.
When you think about it, every living thing is a GMO.
5
7/6/2017
Genetic Engineering
Photo: Bio-rad www.bio-rad.com
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7/6/2017
7
7/6/2017
Photo: www.goldenrice.org
8
7/6/2017
A home gardener has to be careful, since seed racks and catalogs have GMO seeds. Photo: www.glofish.com
9
7/6/2017
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/29/public-and-scientists-views-on-science-and-society/
10
7/6/2017
USDA – Plant pest? • Environmental risk (ie – weedy-ness, pathogen) • Approve field trials EPA – Danger to environment? • Herbicide use • Pesticide registration (Bt corn) FDA – Danger to people/animals? • Food safety (ie – toxicity, pathogens) • Feed Safety
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/how-transgenic-petunia-carnage-2017-began
11
7/6/2017
Plant Patent • up to 20 years protection for a unique, vegetativelyproduced variety. May be used by others in breeding programs. Utility Patent • protects a specific attribute of a plant, such as disease resistance or DNA sequence, for 20 years. May NOT be used by other for breeding. Plant Variety Protection • Protects unique seed or tuber produced plant from unauthorized commercialization. 20 years for most, 25 for perennial trees/vines. Can save seed for own use, but may not distribute until after expiration. http://www.johnnyseeds.com/about-us/about-our-seed/understanding-utility-patents-and-pvp.html
High potential for solving evolving issues
Many people still concerned/fearful
Provides rapid means to respond to diseases and other issues
Requires thorough study for safety and effectiveness
Can potentially reduce use of pesticides
Inconsistency with saved seed
Utility Patent
Extension Master Gardener
@ExEMG ExtensionMasterGardener
12
7/6/2017
The Garden Professors (page) The Garden Professors blog (group)
gardenprofessors.com
@UrbanGardenGuru @UrbanGardenGuru Urbangarden.guru GROBigRed.com [email protected]
13
1
7/6/2017
Open Pollinated •generally refers to seeds that will "breed true." When the plants of an open-pollinated variety selfpollinate, or are pollinated by another representative of the same variety, the resulting seeds will produce plants roughly identical to their parents.
Heirloom •a plant variety that has a history of being passed down within a family or community, similar to the generational sharing of heirloom jewelry or furniture. An heirloom variety must be open-pollinated.
2
7/6/2017
Choice of interesting/exciting varieties
Often lack disease/pest resistance
Interesting histories
May not grow well in different region
Can be adapted regionally
Unpredictability/ low yield
Hybrid • Hybridization is a controlled method of pollination in which the pollen of two different species or varieties is crossed by human intervention. Hybridization can occur naturally through random crosses, but commercially available hybridized seed, often labeled as F1, is deliberately created to breed a desired trait.
You CANNOT save seeds from a hybrid plant.
3
7/6/2017
4
7/6/2017
Genomic/Marker Assisted Cross Breeding Increased disease/pest resistance
May lack interest factor of heirlooms
Hybrid vigor/ higher yields
May not grow well in different region
Often adaptable to many regions
Inconsistency with saved seed
GMO •Genetically Modified Organism. A term used to describe an organism where individual genes for desired traits are introduced through direct introduction rather than cross-breeding. Due to confusion and misuse of the term, a better term is Genetically Engineered.
Hybrids are GMOs.
When you think about it, every living thing is a GMO.
5
7/6/2017
Genetic Engineering
Photo: Bio-rad www.bio-rad.com
6
7/6/2017
7
7/6/2017
Photo: www.goldenrice.org
8
7/6/2017
A home gardener has to be careful, since seed racks and catalogs have GMO seeds. Photo: www.glofish.com
9
7/6/2017
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/29/public-and-scientists-views-on-science-and-society/
10
7/6/2017
USDA – Plant pest? • Environmental risk (ie – weedy-ness, pathogen) • Approve field trials EPA – Danger to environment? • Herbicide use • Pesticide registration (Bt corn) FDA – Danger to people/animals? • Food safety (ie – toxicity, pathogens) • Feed Safety
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/how-transgenic-petunia-carnage-2017-began
11
7/6/2017
Plant Patent • up to 20 years protection for a unique, vegetativelyproduced variety. May be used by others in breeding programs. Utility Patent • protects a specific attribute of a plant, such as disease resistance or DNA sequence, for 20 years. May NOT be used by other for breeding. Plant Variety Protection • Protects unique seed or tuber produced plant from unauthorized commercialization. 20 years for most, 25 for perennial trees/vines. Can save seed for own use, but may not distribute until after expiration. http://www.johnnyseeds.com/about-us/about-our-seed/understanding-utility-patents-and-pvp.html
High potential for solving evolving issues
Many people still concerned/fearful
Provides rapid means to respond to diseases and other issues
Requires thorough study for safety and effectiveness
Can potentially reduce use of pesticides
Inconsistency with saved seed
Utility Patent
Extension Master Gardener
@ExEMG ExtensionMasterGardener
12
7/6/2017
The Garden Professors (page) The Garden Professors blog (group)
gardenprofessors.com
@UrbanGardenGuru @UrbanGardenGuru Urbangarden.guru GROBigRed.com [email protected]
13
