Hot water systems 52 Heating systems 53 Cooling systems 59 Pool ...
energy
Hot water systems
52
Heating systems
53
Cooling systems
59
Pool and spa energy
63
Cooking selections
65
Alternative energy
67
Lighting
68
48
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
Energy The NSW State plan aims to protect the environment through cleaner air and progress on greenhouse gas reductions (Priority E3). This includes a target to achieve a 60 percent cut in greenhouse emissions by 2050 and a return to year 2000 greenhouse gas emission levels by 2025. BASIX is making an important contribution to this target for NSW. The NSW Greenhouse Plan (2005) sets out strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in NSW. BASIX is contributing to reductions in residential emissions, which make up 23% of stationary energy emissions. Stationary energy is responsible for almost half of NSW emissions18. BASIX is also well placed to respond to emerging Commonwealth initiatives for greenhouse gas reduction including developments under the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme and international commitments that may be made by the Commonwealth Government. The objective of the BASIX Energy index is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per person from residential homes. Each new home in NSW must meet a reduction target compared to an average pre-BASIX home. BASIX uses the proposed dwelling’s energy design data to calculate the potential greenhouse gas emission levels. These results are then compared to the average per person greenhouse gas emissions levels across NSW, which is equal to 3,292 kg of CO2-e per person per year. This benchmark was updated for the expansion of BASIX from Sydney to NSW. In 2005/06 the energy target was a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for single dwellings. Since 1 July 2006, each home is required to meet a target of up to a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the average NSW home. This target varies depending on location and home type. Variation in the targets applied to each zone reflect the practicality of achieving energy savings in areas with greater climatic extremes and recognise the historic higher energy demand for homes in those areas over the NSW average energy benchmark.
18. NSW Greenhouse Plan 2005, p.12
ENERGY
49
The following map and table show the different energy target zones across NSW and the targets relating to the different building types.
Figure 25 - BASIX Energy Targets across NSW
Building type
Zone 1
2
3
Detached + semi-detached
40
35
25
3 storey units
35
30
20
4 and 5 storey units
30
25
15
6 storey units and higher
20
15
5
Table 18 Distribution of certificates by energy target zone energy target zone
2005-06*
2006-07
2007-08
Average
Zone 1
n/a
70.9%
72.0%
46.6%
Zone 2
n/a
10.5%
10.5%
7.0%
Zone 3
100.0%
18.6%
17.5%
46.4%
* Zone 1 target of 25% applied to all certificates in 2005-06
The number of certificates issued across the reporting period is, on average, evenly split between homes that need to achieve a 25% energy saving and those that need to achieve a 40% saving, The average is however skewed by the one target of 25% applying to all of NSW in the 2005-06 period. Since the introduction of the three energy target zones in July 2006, over 70% of all certificates issued have been for homes requiring a 40% saving target.
50
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
Since 2004/05, BASIX energy policy developments have incorporated the use of: Fluorescent lighting in garages Ventilation systems in bathrooms, kitchens and laundries On-demand hot water recirculation systems 6-star gas instantaneous hot water systems LED and compact fluorescent lights Energy efficiency rating options for 3-phase and 1-phase airconditioning Differentiation of gas instantaneous hot water heaters, gas storage hot water heaters, solar hot water heaters and heat pump water heaters based on performance ‘Airconditioning ducting only’ as an option for heating and cooling
ENERGY
51
Figure 26 - Greenhouse gas emissions of an average NSW household (BASIX benchmark) other 21% hot water 32%
whitegoods 19%
space heating 8%
cooking 5% pool & spa 3%
lighting 7%
space cooling 5%
‘other’ - household appliances including home entertainment and computers. Chart compiled by BASIX from ABS data and Commonwealth of Australia 2008: Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector 1986-2020, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
Hot Water Systems What types of hot water systems are being installed? Hot water is a major component of a home’s energy demand and BASIX has encouraged new dwellings to take up greenhouse friendly hot water systems, such as gas and solar hot water systems.
Figure 27 - Hot water systems NSW 2004-2008 PROPORTION OF BASIX CERTIFICATES
100% 90% 80% 70% Solar Heat pump Gas Electric Other (wood etc)
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
YEAR (Appendix Table 44)
52
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
The graph shows the change in hot water system selections over time. There is a distinct difference between pre-BASIX homes and the introduction of BASIX in Sydney in 2004. The use of greenhouse intensive electric instantaneous and electric storage hot water systems has declined significantly with the introduction of BASIX and only a very few certificates now nominate this option. Gas is the most popular hot water system selected in BASIX although solar is gaining in popularity. The proportion of gas hot water systems fell slightly with the expansion of BASIX to the rest of NSW in 2005. The following section breaks down hot water system types by location.
Figure 28 - Hot water systems Sydney 2004-08 100%
PERCENTAGE OF CERTIFICATES
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
YEAR (Appendix Table 45)
For Sydney, the majority of certificates selected gas hot water systems and there was an increase in solar systems. The higher number of gas systems reflects the greater availability of mains gas in Sydney. A further breakdown of the hot water system sub-categories is shown in the following graph.
Figure 29 - Hot water systems Sydney 2005-08 average 11% 3% 5%
35%
7%
Solar (gas boosted) Solar (electric boosted + timer) Solar (electric boosted) Electric heat pump Gas instantaneous Gas storage
39% (Appendix Table 45)
ENERGY
53
Figure 30 - Hot water systems Regional NSW 2005-08 100%
PERCENTAGE OF CERTIFICATES
90% 80% 70% 60%
Solar Heat pump Gas
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
YEAR (Appendix Table 46)
In regional areas, there was an increasing reliance on solar hot water systems although gas systems remained the most popular selection. In comparison to Sydney, heat pumps and solar systems made up a larger proportion, due to the limited availability of reticulated gas supply in many regional areas. The following graph shows the full breakdown of regional hot water system categories.
Figure 31 - Hot water systems Regional NSW 2005-08 average
Solar (gas boosted) Solar (electric boosted + timer) Solar (electric boosted) Electric heat pump Gas instantaneous Gas storage
(Appendix Table 46)
54
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
Solar (gas boosted) Solar (electric boosted + timer) Solar (electric boosted ) Electric heat pump Gas instantaneous Gas storage
Heating Systems What types of heating systems are being used in living areas and bedrooms?
69% of BASIX certificates opted for heating in living areas over the reporting years. 3-phase electric reverse cycle airconditioning (a/c) was the most popular, followed by 1 phase a/c and then gas fixed flued heating. 3-phase airconditioning is more efficient than 1-phase airconditioning. Proportions remained fairly constant between 2005-06 and 2007-08. BASIX recognises only the main active heating system in the living areas and bedrooms of the dwelling. Secondary heating (e.g. a fireplace in addition to airconditioning) is not included. The estimated demand for active heating is calculated from the dwelling characteristics and climate entered in the BASIX Thermal Comfort section. If no heating is selected where there is a heating requirement (load), the dwelling is assumed to use some form of unfixed heating, such as a greenhouse intensive electric bar radiator, and an energy load equivalent to a 1 star air conditioner is applied.
Figure 32 - Heating systems - living areas NSW 2005-08 average Wood heater 6% Electric floor heating
Hot water systems
52
Heating systems
53
Cooling systems
59
Pool and spa energy
63
Cooking selections
65
Alternative energy
67
Lighting
68
48
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
Energy The NSW State plan aims to protect the environment through cleaner air and progress on greenhouse gas reductions (Priority E3). This includes a target to achieve a 60 percent cut in greenhouse emissions by 2050 and a return to year 2000 greenhouse gas emission levels by 2025. BASIX is making an important contribution to this target for NSW. The NSW Greenhouse Plan (2005) sets out strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in NSW. BASIX is contributing to reductions in residential emissions, which make up 23% of stationary energy emissions. Stationary energy is responsible for almost half of NSW emissions18. BASIX is also well placed to respond to emerging Commonwealth initiatives for greenhouse gas reduction including developments under the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme and international commitments that may be made by the Commonwealth Government. The objective of the BASIX Energy index is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per person from residential homes. Each new home in NSW must meet a reduction target compared to an average pre-BASIX home. BASIX uses the proposed dwelling’s energy design data to calculate the potential greenhouse gas emission levels. These results are then compared to the average per person greenhouse gas emissions levels across NSW, which is equal to 3,292 kg of CO2-e per person per year. This benchmark was updated for the expansion of BASIX from Sydney to NSW. In 2005/06 the energy target was a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for single dwellings. Since 1 July 2006, each home is required to meet a target of up to a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the average NSW home. This target varies depending on location and home type. Variation in the targets applied to each zone reflect the practicality of achieving energy savings in areas with greater climatic extremes and recognise the historic higher energy demand for homes in those areas over the NSW average energy benchmark.
18. NSW Greenhouse Plan 2005, p.12
ENERGY
49
The following map and table show the different energy target zones across NSW and the targets relating to the different building types.
Figure 25 - BASIX Energy Targets across NSW
Building type
Zone 1
2
3
Detached + semi-detached
40
35
25
3 storey units
35
30
20
4 and 5 storey units
30
25
15
6 storey units and higher
20
15
5
Table 18 Distribution of certificates by energy target zone energy target zone
2005-06*
2006-07
2007-08
Average
Zone 1
n/a
70.9%
72.0%
46.6%
Zone 2
n/a
10.5%
10.5%
7.0%
Zone 3
100.0%
18.6%
17.5%
46.4%
* Zone 1 target of 25% applied to all certificates in 2005-06
The number of certificates issued across the reporting period is, on average, evenly split between homes that need to achieve a 25% energy saving and those that need to achieve a 40% saving, The average is however skewed by the one target of 25% applying to all of NSW in the 2005-06 period. Since the introduction of the three energy target zones in July 2006, over 70% of all certificates issued have been for homes requiring a 40% saving target.
50
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
Since 2004/05, BASIX energy policy developments have incorporated the use of: Fluorescent lighting in garages Ventilation systems in bathrooms, kitchens and laundries On-demand hot water recirculation systems 6-star gas instantaneous hot water systems LED and compact fluorescent lights Energy efficiency rating options for 3-phase and 1-phase airconditioning Differentiation of gas instantaneous hot water heaters, gas storage hot water heaters, solar hot water heaters and heat pump water heaters based on performance ‘Airconditioning ducting only’ as an option for heating and cooling
ENERGY
51
Figure 26 - Greenhouse gas emissions of an average NSW household (BASIX benchmark) other 21% hot water 32%
whitegoods 19%
space heating 8%
cooking 5% pool & spa 3%
lighting 7%
space cooling 5%
‘other’ - household appliances including home entertainment and computers. Chart compiled by BASIX from ABS data and Commonwealth of Australia 2008: Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector 1986-2020, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
Hot Water Systems What types of hot water systems are being installed? Hot water is a major component of a home’s energy demand and BASIX has encouraged new dwellings to take up greenhouse friendly hot water systems, such as gas and solar hot water systems.
Figure 27 - Hot water systems NSW 2004-2008 PROPORTION OF BASIX CERTIFICATES
100% 90% 80% 70% Solar Heat pump Gas Electric Other (wood etc)
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
YEAR (Appendix Table 44)
52
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
The graph shows the change in hot water system selections over time. There is a distinct difference between pre-BASIX homes and the introduction of BASIX in Sydney in 2004. The use of greenhouse intensive electric instantaneous and electric storage hot water systems has declined significantly with the introduction of BASIX and only a very few certificates now nominate this option. Gas is the most popular hot water system selected in BASIX although solar is gaining in popularity. The proportion of gas hot water systems fell slightly with the expansion of BASIX to the rest of NSW in 2005. The following section breaks down hot water system types by location.
Figure 28 - Hot water systems Sydney 2004-08 100%
PERCENTAGE OF CERTIFICATES
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
YEAR (Appendix Table 45)
For Sydney, the majority of certificates selected gas hot water systems and there was an increase in solar systems. The higher number of gas systems reflects the greater availability of mains gas in Sydney. A further breakdown of the hot water system sub-categories is shown in the following graph.
Figure 29 - Hot water systems Sydney 2005-08 average 11% 3% 5%
35%
7%
Solar (gas boosted) Solar (electric boosted + timer) Solar (electric boosted) Electric heat pump Gas instantaneous Gas storage
39% (Appendix Table 45)
ENERGY
53
Figure 30 - Hot water systems Regional NSW 2005-08 100%
PERCENTAGE OF CERTIFICATES
90% 80% 70% 60%
Solar Heat pump Gas
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
YEAR (Appendix Table 46)
In regional areas, there was an increasing reliance on solar hot water systems although gas systems remained the most popular selection. In comparison to Sydney, heat pumps and solar systems made up a larger proportion, due to the limited availability of reticulated gas supply in many regional areas. The following graph shows the full breakdown of regional hot water system categories.
Figure 31 - Hot water systems Regional NSW 2005-08 average
Solar (gas boosted) Solar (electric boosted + timer) Solar (electric boosted) Electric heat pump Gas instantaneous Gas storage
(Appendix Table 46)
54
BASIX 05-08 | Single dwellings
Solar (gas boosted) Solar (electric boosted + timer) Solar (electric boosted ) Electric heat pump Gas instantaneous Gas storage
Heating Systems What types of heating systems are being used in living areas and bedrooms?
69% of BASIX certificates opted for heating in living areas over the reporting years. 3-phase electric reverse cycle airconditioning (a/c) was the most popular, followed by 1 phase a/c and then gas fixed flued heating. 3-phase airconditioning is more efficient than 1-phase airconditioning. Proportions remained fairly constant between 2005-06 and 2007-08. BASIX recognises only the main active heating system in the living areas and bedrooms of the dwelling. Secondary heating (e.g. a fireplace in addition to airconditioning) is not included. The estimated demand for active heating is calculated from the dwelling characteristics and climate entered in the BASIX Thermal Comfort section. If no heating is selected where there is a heating requirement (load), the dwelling is assumed to use some form of unfixed heating, such as a greenhouse intensive electric bar radiator, and an energy load equivalent to a 1 star air conditioner is applied.
Figure 32 - Heating systems - living areas NSW 2005-08 average Wood heater 6% Electric floor heating
