INDONESIA
INDONESIA
1899 Preston White Drive, Reston, Virginia 20191 (703) 264-7200 © PRIMIR/NPES 2008
INTRODUCTION In today’s global business, print faces constant change and multinational challenges. In order to react intelligently and be proactive printing industry business leaders urgently need worldwide data to reference when making internationally-based business decisions. PRIMIR recently released a series of three reports on the “World Wide Market for Print.” Pira International was commissioned to investigate the key global print markets. This study identified 51 country markets that make up 99% of the global commercial printing industry. The series of reports detail social and economic climate in each region, demographic profiles, advertising trends, internet usage/adoption, print markets and applications, print process share, and market sizing for presses, equipment, consumables and paper. Forecasts are provided through 2011. The report that follows is a summary of data and information from all three reports pertaining to this specific country. Note: Unless otherwise noted, the data is presented in U.S. Dollars, taking into account forecast rates for GDP growth and inflation, constant 2006 exchange rates have been applied. The final report includes a database where statistics are provided for both current and constant U.S. Dollars as well as in local currency (both current and constant).
INDONESIA - OVERVIEW Indonesia is an equatorial country with an area of 2 million square kilometers (736,000 square miles), consisting of more than 17,000 islands; 6,000 are inhabited; 1,000 of which are permanently settled. The population of Indonesia in 2005 was 225 million. GDP is projected at US$315.4 billion for 2006, with GDP per capita standing at US$1,400.
Since the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, a series of political reforms led to the formation of an independent republic based on the 1945 constitution. The president is the head of government and is assisted by a cabinet that he appoints. The president and the vice president were elected by popular vote for the first time on September 20, 2004. While the President is the executive head, the Legislative consists of a 550member House of Representatives (DPR) elected for a five-year term.
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Indonesia's approximately 225 million people make it the world's fourth-most populous nation, expected to reach 277 million by 2050. With increased life expectancy, the average age of the population, 26.5 years in 2005, is expected to reach 40.0 years by 2050.
Indonesia has numerous related but distinct cultural and linguistic groups, many of which are ethnically Malay. Bahasa Indonesia (a form of Malay) is the national language; English is the most widely spoken foreign language. Education is compulsory for children through grade nine. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attends full time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.
Religious freedom is guaranteed by the constitution. The five religions recognized by the state are Islam (87%), Protestantism (6%), Catholicism (3%), Buddhism (2%), and Hinduism (1%). Hinduism, however, is the majority religion on the resort island of Bali with over 90% of the population being Hindus.
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Figure 1 Indonesia: Long-term Demographic Trends by Age Group, 2000-2050 0-14
15-64
65+
Total population 300,000
80 284,640 263,746
70
250,000 60 % population
200,000
70.1 64.9 65.0
40
150,000
30.2 30 100,000
21.3 17.6
20
17.4 50,000
8.6
10
Population ('000s)
209,174 50
4.9
0
0 2000
2025
2050
Source: United Nations
ECONOMIC TRENDS Indonesia has a market-based economy in which the government plays a significant role. GDP is projected at US$315.4 billion for 2006, with GDP growing at 5% during year versus 5.6% in 2005, and is forecast to grow by 6% in 2007. Inflation is set to remain between 5-6% into next year.
Annual real gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaged nearly 7% during the period 1987-97. The Asian financial crisis of 1997 had a huge impact, as Indonesia experienced negative GDP growth of 13.7% and unemployment rose to 15-20% in 1998. Indonesia has since recovered by re-capitalizing its banking sector, improving oversight of capital markets, and by taking steps to stimulate growth and investment, particularly in infrastructure. ‘Rescue’ packages from international agencies, with stringent conditions for structural adjustment, also helped.
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Since assuming office on October 20, 2004, President Yudhoyono has taken initiatives to implement a ‘pro-growth, pro-poor, pro-employment’ economic program in addition to an ambitious anti-corruption plan. The continuing recovery in 2005 was remarkable as it was achieved in the face of several major calamities including the December 2004 earthquake and tsunami.
Table 1 Indonesia: Key Economic Indicators, 2003-2007 Indicator Population ('000s) Exchange rate (=US$1) Purchasing power parity (=US$1) GDP (local currency, millions, current prices) GDP (local currency, millions, constant 2000 prices) GDP (current, US$ million) GDP, PPP (current, US$ million) GDP per capita (US$) GDP per capita, PPP (US$) GDP growth (%) GDP deflator (%) Consumer price index (2000=100) Imports (US$ million) Exports (US$ million)
2003 217,235 8,575.27 2,404.44
2004 219,991 8,932.99 2,487.67
2005 222,781 9,705.16 2,694.86
2006 225,317 10,161.76 2,970.88
2007 227,883 10,528.21 3,099.50
2,036,351,900
2,273,141,500
2,678,664,096
3,205,365,609
3,622,145,893
1,576,839,072
1,657,257,865
1,750,064,305
1,837,567,521
1,947,821,572
237,468 835,022
254,466 900,932
276,004 977,419
315,434 1,055,349
344,042 1,146,428
1,093 3,844 4.7 4.4 133.0
1,157 4,095 5.1 6.3 141.3
1,239 4,387 5.6 11.6 156.0
1,400 4,684 5.0 14.0 177.9
1,510 5,031 6.0 6.6 189.6
32,610 61,058
46,524 71,585
38,936 47,903
n/a n/a
n/a n/a
Source: Pira International, Ltd calculations from the United Nations (population data), International Monetary Fund (economic data)
THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT Newspapers form the largest segment of the total print media. Some 172 dailies (53 are national dailies and 119 are regional dailies) and 425 non-daily newspapers are published in Indonesia. Newspapers reach nearly half of the adult population (49.9%) in the country. The most widely read English-language daily is the Jakarta Post with a circulation of 12.6 million copies per annum ahead of the Bali Times. There were around 32 magazines in circulation in 2002.
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From a steep decline in the publication of books after 1997, the industry recovered in 2002 (2,700 titles). During 2003, the industry published 6,000 titles, the largest since 1997. In the advertising sector meanwhile, the print advertising revenue generated in Indonesia in 2001 was US$0.28 billion (Rupiah2,775 billion). The development of direct mail in Indonesia, in general, is not yet significant, except for the essential mail segment.
Internet accessibility is generally restricted to urban centers. By the year 2000, there were an estimated 400,000 Internet dial-up subscribers translating into roughly two million users, or just under 1% of the population. Since that time, penetration levels have risen to around 8% of the population, with the Indonesian market for fast Internet access estimated at 1.2 million. Two initiatives are helping to promote public Internet access: the ‘Warung’ Internet (Warnet), which is a public Internet kiosk and Warpostnets – Internet cafes run by post offices. Weak telecommunications infrastructure is an impediment for the development of Internet in Indonesia.
Table 2 Indonesia: Advertising and Print Media Trends, 2000-2004 Advertising media
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Newspaper trends Number of paid-for dailies Number of paid-for non-dailies Circulation of paid-for dailies ('000s) Circulation of paid-for non-dailies ('000s)
396 746 n/a n/a
187 306 n/a n/a
176 289 4,665 5,608
202 331 4,567 5,617
218 349 4,866 5,617
Magazine trends Number of consumer titles
n/a
n/a
221
n/a
168
Source: World Advertising Trends, World Press Trends, World Magazine Trends
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Figure 2 Indonesia: Trends in Internet Usage, 2000-2005 9 8.1
8
% population
7 6
5.3
5 4
3.4
3
2.2
2
1.5 1.0
1 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: Pira International Ltd calculations from Internetworldstats.com (www.Internetworldstats.com); OECD (broadband penetration)
PRINT MARKET TRENDS According to the Department of Industry and trade, the number of printing houses in the country, currently 25,000, is expected to reach 27,500 by 2010.
The Indonesian print market was valued at Rupiah47.1 trillion (US$4.85 billion) in 2005, projected to grow by 19.2% in absolute terms in 2006 and by 4.6% in real terms, excluding the impact of inflation. During the period 2001-2006, the market grew at an average annual rate of 10% in absolute terms but by just 1.6% in real terms.
Table 3 Indonesia: Print Market Trends, 2001-2006
Rupiah million, current prices Rupiah million, constant 2005 prices US$ million, current prices
2001
2005
2006p
56,131,292.6
% change 20052006 19.2
CAGR (%) 20012006 10.1
34,725,394.3
47,077,285.5
45,523,663.8
47,077,285.5
49,253,265.1
4.6
1.6
$3,388.7
$4,850.7
$5,523.8
13.9
10.3
Note: p=projected Source: Pira International Ltd 6
Sheetfed offset litho represents the single largest segment of the Indonesian market across print processes, with printing output valued at Rupiah13.3 trillion in 2005, projected to grow by 19% in absolute terms in 2006. Coldset web offset is the next largest component of offset litho printing with output at Rupiah8.10 trillion ahead of heatset web offset at Rupiah6.40 trillion, with all segments posting nominal growth of around 20% for the year. The fastest growing areas of the market are Electrophotography and inkjet valued at Rupiah2.35 trillion and Rupiah706 billion respectively in 2005, with screen and letterpress losing market share.
Table 4 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Print Process, 2001-2006 (Rupiah million, current prices) Process
Offset litho Sheetfed Web Coldset Heatset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2001
2005
2006p
% change 2005-2006
20,535,862.2 9,764,017.6 10,771,844.6 6,206,827.5 4,565,017.1 2,831,551.9 4,146,989.9 1,355,522.8 2,763,219.4 1,155,664.1 376,656.0 1,559,928.1 34,725,394.3
27,822,853.6 13,322,447.6 14,500,406.0 8,097,466.4 6,402,939.6 4,096,056.8 5,461,029.0 1,647,773.4 3,625,101.5 2,353,636.2 705,862.8 1,364,972.2 47,077,285.5
33,182,617.5 15,855,690.6 17,326,926.9 9,634,973.2 7,691,953.7 4,940,110.7 6,456,047.8 1,930,342.3 4,229,785.8 2,861,364.8 891,802.3 1,639,221.3 56,131,292.6
19.3 19.0 19.5 19.0 20.1 20.6 18.2 17.1 16.7 21.6 26.3 20.1 19.2
Note: p=projected Source: Pira International Ltd
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CAGR (%) 20012006 10.1 10.2 10.0 9.2 11.0 11.8 9.3 7.3 8.9 19.9 18.8 1.0 10.1
Table 5 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Print Process, 2001-2006 (US$ million, current prices) Process Offset litho Sheetfed Web Coldset Heatset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2001
2005
2006p
$2,004.0 952.8 1,051.2 605.7 445.5 276.3 404.7 132.3 269.7 112.8 36.8 152.2 $3,388.7
$2,866.7 1,372.7 1,494.0 834.3 659.7 422.0 562.7 169.8 373.5 242.5 72.7 140.6 $4,850.7
$3,265.5 1,560.3 1,705.2 948.2 757.0 486.1 635.3 190.0 416.2 281.6 87.8 161.3 $5,523.8
% change 2005-2006 13.9 13.7 14.1 13.6 14.7 15.2 12.9 11.9 11.4 16.1 20.7 14.7 13.9
CAGR (%) 2001-2006 10.3 10.4 10.2 9.4 11.2 12.0 9.4 7.5 9.1 20.1 19.0 1.2 10.3
Note: p=projected Source: Pira International Ltd
Across end-use areas, packaging represents the single largest product sector with sales of Rupiah16 trillion in 2005, projected to grow by 19% in 2006. The fastestgrowing areas of the market during 2006 include advertising sectors such as coupons and inserts, as well as directories, financial/legal printing and magazines.
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Table 6 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Product Sector, 2001-2006 (Rupiah million, current prices) Product
2001
2005
2006p 3,636,708.9 2,111,590.8 1,390,405.4 3,167,679.5 9,049,399.5 104,562.2 2,832,685.4
% change 2005-2006 19.6 18.0 23.0 20.2 15.8 35.4 22.3
CAGR (%) 2001-2006 9.5 8.9 9.3 10.2 9.0 30.7 10.8
2,313,391.4 1,376,796.9 890,073.1 1,946,934.2 5,882,757.7 27,390.2 1,698,190.5
3,040,387.4 1,789,130.7 1,130,037.3 2,636,373.6 7,814,475.9 77,198.3 2,315,949.3
356,072.2 41,085.3
540,388.2 77,198.3
674,901.6 99,809.4
24.9 29.3
13.6 19.4
Books Catalogs Directories Magazines Newspapers Direct mail Brochures & pamphlets, other promotional print* Inserts Coupons, tickets & tape printing Posters & banners** Business forms Financial & legal printing*** Packaging - Corrugated & solid fiber - Cartons - Flexibles Labels Others Total
616,278.8 1,135,563.8 1,224,961.2
849,181.4 1,485,156.4 1,714,663.6
1,040,869.3 1,776,024.0 2,069,319.3
22.6 19.6 20.7
11.1 9.4 11.1
10,978,843.4 7,381,021.5 2,856,750.0 741,071.9 1,508,202.8 4,728,853.0 34,725,394.3
16,006,391.1 10,727,483.3 4,460,981.2 817,926.6 1,929,387.6 5,671,366.4 47,077,285.5
19,017,807.6 12,641,593.1 5,332,136.8 1,044,077.6 2,290,779.0 6,868,750.9 56,131,292.6
18.8 17.8 19.5 27.6 18.7 21.1 19.2
11.6 11.4 13.3 7.1 8.7 7.8 10.1
Packaging - Consumer packaging - Industrial packaging
10,978,843.4 4,121,355.9 6,857,487.5
16,006,391.1 6,075,891.6 9,930,499.5
19,017,807.6 7,289,373.2 11,728,434.4
18.8 20.0 18.1
11.6 12.1 11.3
Note: p=projected; *excl. financial publications, etc; *plus other point-of-sale advertising materials; ***inc. financial reports, etc Source: Pira International Ltd
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Table 7 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Product Sector, 2001-2006 (US$ million, current prices) Product
2001
2005
2006p
Books Catalogs Directories Magazines Newspapers Direct mail Brochures & pamphlets, other promotional print* Inserts Coupons, tickets & tape printing Posters & banners** Business forms Financial & legal printing*** Packaging - Corrugated & solid fiber - Cartons - Flexibles Labels Others Total
$225.8 134.4 86.9 190.0 574.1 2.7 165.7
$313.3 184.3 116.4 271.6 805.2 8.0 238.6
$357.9 207.8 136.8 311.7 890.5 10.3 278.8
% change 2005-2006 14.2 12.7 17.5 14.8 10.6 29.4 16.8
CAGR (%) 2001-2006 9.7 9.1 9.5 10.4 9.2 30.9 11.0
34.7 4.0 60.1 110.8 119.5 1,071.4 720.3 278.8 72.3 147.2 461.5 $3,388.7
55.7 8.0 87.5 153.0 176.7 1,649.3 1,105.3 459.7 84.3 198.8 584.4 $4,850.7
66.4 9.8 102.4 174.8 203.6 1,871.5 1,244.0 524.7 102.7 225.4 675.9 $5,523.8
19.3 23.5 17.1 14.2 15.3 13.5 12.5 14.2 21.9 13.4 15.7 13.9
13.8 19.6 11.2 9.5 11.2 11.8 11.5 13.5 7.3 8.9 7.9 10.3
Packaging - Consumer packaging - Industrial packaging
$1,071.4 402.2 669.2
$1,649.3 626.0 1,023.2
$1,871.5 717.3 1,154.2
13.5 14.6 12.8
11.8 12.3 11.5
Note: p=projected; *excl. financial publications, etc; *plus other point-of-sale advertising materials; ***inc. financial reports, etc Source: Pira International Ltd
With 225 million inhabitants in 2006, Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous nation after China, India and the U.S. Most of the population is located on 1,000 of the 17,000 islands comprising the country. Indonesia is one of the least economically developed of the countries in Asia. Although it currently has GDP per head of US$1,400, almost double that of India, this is significantly less than many other Asian countries, including China.
In the last ten years, Indonesia has experienced fairly turbulent times, both politically and economically, having suffered both at the time of the Asian crisis in 1998 and also more recently as a result of the tsunami in December 2004. Now, though, the political situation seems to be stabilizing and the international reputation of the regime has been 10
enhanced since the resolution of the East Timor issue and the end of the Suharto regime. Regional ethnic tensions still remain in the country, however, and this is bound to be a somewhat disconcerting factor underlying economic development over the next five years. Notwithstanding, growth in GDP is forecast at 71.3% between 2006 and 2011, and with fairly low population growth, this will allow per capita GDP to rise to over US$2,200 by 2011.
Table 8 Indonesia: Key Data Population (million) GDP (US$ billion) Print market (US$ million) Print market per capita (US$)
2006
2011
225 $315 $6,096 $27.06
238 $540 $9,548 $40.04
Literacy rate (2003) Internet usage (2005) Broadband access (2005)
% change 20062011 5.8 71.3* 56.6 48.0 87.9% 8.1% Very low
Note: *nominal GDP growth – includes inflationary effects Source: Pira International Ltd
The geographical fragmentation of the country makes the physical distribution of print media somewhat problematic outside the main centers of population. Even so, newspapers still reach nearly half of the adult population in the country. Overall, though, print media only has a 46% share of above-the-line advertising at the moment. The use of non-television electronic media is still quite low, although measures such the initiatives to promote public Internet access, namely the ‘Warung’ Internet (Warnet) public Internet kiosks and the Warpostnets – Internet cafes run by post offices – will certainly help to increase future use quite significantly, particularly if the problems of the poor telecommunications infrastructure that currently exist can be overcome.
Even with some of the problems outlined above that are faced by the print media, total demand for print in Indonesia is forecast to grow by around 56% in the period 2006 to 2011. Growth will not keep pace with that of GDP, however, which is forecast at over 11
70% over the same period. Between 2006 and 2011, demand for printed packaging will grow significantly faster, at 69.6% for the sector, than will be the case for demand for graphic print. The best prospects for packaging print lie with the market for flexibles, which is forecast to grow by 84.7% by 2011.
In the case of the graphic print sector, the brightest growth prospects are forecast for direct mail (up by 67.6% by 2011) and the magazine market, which is forecast to grow by 62.5% by 2011. Although the direct mail market will show good growth, the use of direct mail is currently very low and, hence, the size of the market will still remain low in overall value terms by 2011.
Table 9 Indonesia: Forecast Print Demand by Print Product Sector, 2006-2011 (US$ million, current prices) Sector Books Catalogs Directories Magazines Newspapers Direct mail Brochures & pamphlets, other promotional print* Inserts Coupons, tickets & tape printing Posters & banners** Business forms Financial & legal printing*** Packaging - Corrugated & solid fiber - Cartons - Flexibles Labels Others Total
2006
2011
$393.0 228.7 144.0 346.1 1,001.6 10.2 300.8 70.7 10.0 111.2 189.1 222.5 2,065.5 1,379.2 575.7 110.7 257.8 745.3 $6,096.5
$574.4 335.2 196.9 562.5 1,378.2 17.1 459.3 110.2 14.8 174.3 257.5 329.4 3,502.5 2,310.3 987.8 204.4 446.7 1,188.7 $9,547.8
% change 2006-2011 46.2 46.6 36.7 62.5 37.6 67.6 52.7 55.9 48.3 56.8 36.2 48.1 69.6 67.5 71.6 84.7 73.3 59.5 56.6
Note: totals may not add up due to rounding; *excl. financial publications, etc; *plus other point-of-sale advertising materials; ***inc. financial reports, etc Source: Pira International Ltd
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MACHINERY, INK, CONSUMABLES AND SUBSTRATES Given the speed of product development and the rapid pace of technology transfer, most of the key developments for printing presses and processes over the next five years will be seen in all of the main regions of the world, despite the fact that the rate of adoption varies between developed and developing regions.
Table 10 Indonesia: Printing Machinery (US$ million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Spares Prepress - Film imagesetters - Platesetters Postpress Total
66.9 22.2 16.2 9.1 15.3 8.6 18.7 13.3 4.7 93.9 15.4
% change 2005-06 7.2 8.0 7.7 4.2 18.8 -0.8 -1.2 13.8 24.0 19.2 13.9
3.4 12.0 14.6 298.7
0.2 18.4 18.4 11.8
2006
69.2 28.6 16.8 8.7 21.5 9.7 14.5 26.1 7.3 105.1 19.1
% change 2006-11 3.6 28.8 4.2 -3.7 40.4 13.1 -22.5 96.3 54.3 12.0 24.1
2.8 16.3 16.5 343.1
-18.4 36.1 12.5 14.9
2011
Source: Pira International Ltd
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Table 11 Indonesia: Printing Machinery (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Spares Prepress - Film imagesetters - Platesetters Postpress Total
2006 615,552.5 204,122.7 148,711.3 83,657.2 140,931.4 78,748.5 172,554.4 122,483.7 43,366.1 864,140.4 141,546.5
% change 2005-06 1.7 5.5 1.7 -8.7 14.1 -12.0 -11.3 11.5 9.0 15.5 8.1
2011 637,408.4 262,963.1 154,934.7 80,562.4 197,886.8 89,090.6 133,678.9 240,443.3 66,911.0 968,091.2 175,698.1
% change 2006-11 3.6 66.3 58.8 37.7 26.0 60.3 -0.3 76.3 126.1 53.9 66.0
31,140.2 110,406.3 134,624.7 2,750,439.3
-4.9 12.4 7.2 5.3
25,414.3 150,283.8 151,477.6 3,159,146.1
-3.6 85.6 54.9 57.0
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 12 Indonesia: Printing Consumables (US$ million, current prices) Sector Graphic arts film All aluminum plates - Metal CtP - Conventional Polyester/paper Flexo plates Total
11.1
% change 2005-06 0.3
41.2 23.3 17.9 2.1 4.0 58.4
42.7 46.1 38.4 24.9 14.2 29.4
2006
8.9
% change 2006-11 -19.7
54.5 35.7 18.8 3.7 4.4 71.5
32.3 53.3 5.1 81.0 9.2 22.5
2011
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 13 Indonesia: Printing Consumables (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Graphic arts film All aluminum plates - Metal CtP - Conventional Polyester/paper Flexo plates Total
2006 102,513.6
% change 2005-06 -4.8
2011 82,308.4
% change 2006-11 -19.7
379,113.0 214,173.9 164,939.1 19,007.6 36,934.6 537,568.9
35.3 38.6 31.3 18.5 8.3 22.7
501,709.5 328,316.8 173,392.7 34,406.1 40,340.6 658,764.7
32.3 53.3 5.1 81.0 9.2 22.5
Source: Pira International Ltd
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Table 14 Indonesia: Printing Inks (US$ million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2006 50.2 30.5 24.2 15.5 20.5 6.1 13.6 11.8 3.8 6.8 183.0
% change 2005-06 22.3 22.3 23.5 24.0 21.5 20.4 19.9 25.0 35.1 20.7 22.6
2011 72.7 42.2 36.3 24.1 28.4 7.7 13.5 25.9 11.8 9.0 271.7
% change 2006-11 44.7 38.3 50.1 55.5 38.7 26.9 -0.6 120.6 207.5 32.7 48.5
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 15 Indonesia: Printing Inks (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2006 462,344.8 281,173.5 222,410.2 142,778.4 188,645.3 56,205.2 124,804.0 108,256.2 35,303.5 62,574.9 1,684,496.1
% change 2005-06 16.1 16.0 17.2 17.6 15.3 14.2 13.8 18.6 28.2 14.5 16.3
2011 668,996.5 388,916.5 333,926.0 221,960.6 261,686.4 71,319.1 124,070.3 238,833.7 108,559.1 83,035.0 2,501,303.2
Source: Pira International Ltd
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% change 2006-11 44.7 38.3 50.1 55.5 38.7 26.9 -0.6 120.6 207.5 32.7 48.5
Table 16 Indonesia: Printing Substrates (US$ million, current prices) Sector Uncoated mechanical Coated mechanical Uncoated woodfree Coated woodfree Newsprint Packaging paper & board Other paper Films Foils Other Packaging substrates Total
25.8 58.8 138.6 208.1 168.7
% change 2005-06 14.8 14.7 13.2 14.0 24.1
1,543.3 30.8 158.0 125.5 184.4 2,642.1
2006
34.2 83.4 193.1 275.6 229.8
% change 2006-11 32.6 41.8 39.3 32.4 36.2
23.5 12.9 16.6 16.3
2,670.0 40.3 264.8 210.2
73.0 30.9 67.6 67.6
19.0 20.7
241.5 4,243.1
30.9 60.6
2011
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 17 Indonesia: Printing Substrates (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Uncoated mechanical Coated mechanical Uncoated woodfree Coated woodfree Newsprint Packaging paper & board Other paper Films Foils Other Packaging substrates Total
2006 237,752.1 541,663.4 1,276,299.9 1,915,948.2 1,553,528.5
% change 2005-06 8.9 8.9 7.4 8.2 17.7
2011 315,333.2 768,190.7 1,778,220.1 2,537,616.1 2,116,253.7
% change 2006-11 32.6 41.8 39.3 32.4 36.2
14,209,185.1 283,571.7 1,454,803.4 1,155,123.6
17.2 7.1 10.6 10.3
24,583,181.7 371,252.5 2,437,871.5 1,935,686.1
73.0 30.9 67.6 67.6
1,698,179.3 24,326,055.1
12.9 14.5
2,223,259.3 39,066,864.9
30.9 60.6
Source: Pira International Ltd
For more comprehensive information about the global printing industry, please refer to the three PRIMIR reports “World Wide Market for Print” (Phase I, Phase II and Final). Visit http://www.primir.org/past_primir_studies.html for descriptions, tables of contents, and ordering information.
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INTRODUCTION In today’s global business, print faces constant change and multinational challenges. In order to react intelligently and be proactive printing industry business leaders urgently need worldwide data to reference when making internationally-based business decisions. PRIMIR recently released a series of three reports on the “World Wide Market for Print.” Pira International was commissioned to investigate the key global print markets. This study identified 51 country markets that make up 99% of the global commercial printing industry. The series of reports detail social and economic climate in each region, demographic profiles, advertising trends, internet usage/adoption, print markets and applications, print process share, and market sizing for presses, equipment, consumables and paper. Forecasts are provided through 2011. The report that follows is a summary of data and information from all three reports pertaining to this specific country. Note: Unless otherwise noted, the data is presented in U.S. Dollars, taking into account forecast rates for GDP growth and inflation, constant 2006 exchange rates have been applied. The final report includes a database where statistics are provided for both current and constant U.S. Dollars as well as in local currency (both current and constant).
INDONESIA - OVERVIEW Indonesia is an equatorial country with an area of 2 million square kilometers (736,000 square miles), consisting of more than 17,000 islands; 6,000 are inhabited; 1,000 of which are permanently settled. The population of Indonesia in 2005 was 225 million. GDP is projected at US$315.4 billion for 2006, with GDP per capita standing at US$1,400.
Since the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, a series of political reforms led to the formation of an independent republic based on the 1945 constitution. The president is the head of government and is assisted by a cabinet that he appoints. The president and the vice president were elected by popular vote for the first time on September 20, 2004. While the President is the executive head, the Legislative consists of a 550member House of Representatives (DPR) elected for a five-year term.
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Indonesia's approximately 225 million people make it the world's fourth-most populous nation, expected to reach 277 million by 2050. With increased life expectancy, the average age of the population, 26.5 years in 2005, is expected to reach 40.0 years by 2050.
Indonesia has numerous related but distinct cultural and linguistic groups, many of which are ethnically Malay. Bahasa Indonesia (a form of Malay) is the national language; English is the most widely spoken foreign language. Education is compulsory for children through grade nine. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attends full time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.
Religious freedom is guaranteed by the constitution. The five religions recognized by the state are Islam (87%), Protestantism (6%), Catholicism (3%), Buddhism (2%), and Hinduism (1%). Hinduism, however, is the majority religion on the resort island of Bali with over 90% of the population being Hindus.
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Figure 1 Indonesia: Long-term Demographic Trends by Age Group, 2000-2050 0-14
15-64
65+
Total population 300,000
80 284,640 263,746
70
250,000 60 % population
200,000
70.1 64.9 65.0
40
150,000
30.2 30 100,000
21.3 17.6
20
17.4 50,000
8.6
10
Population ('000s)
209,174 50
4.9
0
0 2000
2025
2050
Source: United Nations
ECONOMIC TRENDS Indonesia has a market-based economy in which the government plays a significant role. GDP is projected at US$315.4 billion for 2006, with GDP growing at 5% during year versus 5.6% in 2005, and is forecast to grow by 6% in 2007. Inflation is set to remain between 5-6% into next year.
Annual real gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaged nearly 7% during the period 1987-97. The Asian financial crisis of 1997 had a huge impact, as Indonesia experienced negative GDP growth of 13.7% and unemployment rose to 15-20% in 1998. Indonesia has since recovered by re-capitalizing its banking sector, improving oversight of capital markets, and by taking steps to stimulate growth and investment, particularly in infrastructure. ‘Rescue’ packages from international agencies, with stringent conditions for structural adjustment, also helped.
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Since assuming office on October 20, 2004, President Yudhoyono has taken initiatives to implement a ‘pro-growth, pro-poor, pro-employment’ economic program in addition to an ambitious anti-corruption plan. The continuing recovery in 2005 was remarkable as it was achieved in the face of several major calamities including the December 2004 earthquake and tsunami.
Table 1 Indonesia: Key Economic Indicators, 2003-2007 Indicator Population ('000s) Exchange rate (=US$1) Purchasing power parity (=US$1) GDP (local currency, millions, current prices) GDP (local currency, millions, constant 2000 prices) GDP (current, US$ million) GDP, PPP (current, US$ million) GDP per capita (US$) GDP per capita, PPP (US$) GDP growth (%) GDP deflator (%) Consumer price index (2000=100) Imports (US$ million) Exports (US$ million)
2003 217,235 8,575.27 2,404.44
2004 219,991 8,932.99 2,487.67
2005 222,781 9,705.16 2,694.86
2006 225,317 10,161.76 2,970.88
2007 227,883 10,528.21 3,099.50
2,036,351,900
2,273,141,500
2,678,664,096
3,205,365,609
3,622,145,893
1,576,839,072
1,657,257,865
1,750,064,305
1,837,567,521
1,947,821,572
237,468 835,022
254,466 900,932
276,004 977,419
315,434 1,055,349
344,042 1,146,428
1,093 3,844 4.7 4.4 133.0
1,157 4,095 5.1 6.3 141.3
1,239 4,387 5.6 11.6 156.0
1,400 4,684 5.0 14.0 177.9
1,510 5,031 6.0 6.6 189.6
32,610 61,058
46,524 71,585
38,936 47,903
n/a n/a
n/a n/a
Source: Pira International, Ltd calculations from the United Nations (population data), International Monetary Fund (economic data)
THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT Newspapers form the largest segment of the total print media. Some 172 dailies (53 are national dailies and 119 are regional dailies) and 425 non-daily newspapers are published in Indonesia. Newspapers reach nearly half of the adult population (49.9%) in the country. The most widely read English-language daily is the Jakarta Post with a circulation of 12.6 million copies per annum ahead of the Bali Times. There were around 32 magazines in circulation in 2002.
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From a steep decline in the publication of books after 1997, the industry recovered in 2002 (2,700 titles). During 2003, the industry published 6,000 titles, the largest since 1997. In the advertising sector meanwhile, the print advertising revenue generated in Indonesia in 2001 was US$0.28 billion (Rupiah2,775 billion). The development of direct mail in Indonesia, in general, is not yet significant, except for the essential mail segment.
Internet accessibility is generally restricted to urban centers. By the year 2000, there were an estimated 400,000 Internet dial-up subscribers translating into roughly two million users, or just under 1% of the population. Since that time, penetration levels have risen to around 8% of the population, with the Indonesian market for fast Internet access estimated at 1.2 million. Two initiatives are helping to promote public Internet access: the ‘Warung’ Internet (Warnet), which is a public Internet kiosk and Warpostnets – Internet cafes run by post offices. Weak telecommunications infrastructure is an impediment for the development of Internet in Indonesia.
Table 2 Indonesia: Advertising and Print Media Trends, 2000-2004 Advertising media
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Newspaper trends Number of paid-for dailies Number of paid-for non-dailies Circulation of paid-for dailies ('000s) Circulation of paid-for non-dailies ('000s)
396 746 n/a n/a
187 306 n/a n/a
176 289 4,665 5,608
202 331 4,567 5,617
218 349 4,866 5,617
Magazine trends Number of consumer titles
n/a
n/a
221
n/a
168
Source: World Advertising Trends, World Press Trends, World Magazine Trends
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Figure 2 Indonesia: Trends in Internet Usage, 2000-2005 9 8.1
8
% population
7 6
5.3
5 4
3.4
3
2.2
2
1.5 1.0
1 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: Pira International Ltd calculations from Internetworldstats.com (www.Internetworldstats.com); OECD (broadband penetration)
PRINT MARKET TRENDS According to the Department of Industry and trade, the number of printing houses in the country, currently 25,000, is expected to reach 27,500 by 2010.
The Indonesian print market was valued at Rupiah47.1 trillion (US$4.85 billion) in 2005, projected to grow by 19.2% in absolute terms in 2006 and by 4.6% in real terms, excluding the impact of inflation. During the period 2001-2006, the market grew at an average annual rate of 10% in absolute terms but by just 1.6% in real terms.
Table 3 Indonesia: Print Market Trends, 2001-2006
Rupiah million, current prices Rupiah million, constant 2005 prices US$ million, current prices
2001
2005
2006p
56,131,292.6
% change 20052006 19.2
CAGR (%) 20012006 10.1
34,725,394.3
47,077,285.5
45,523,663.8
47,077,285.5
49,253,265.1
4.6
1.6
$3,388.7
$4,850.7
$5,523.8
13.9
10.3
Note: p=projected Source: Pira International Ltd 6
Sheetfed offset litho represents the single largest segment of the Indonesian market across print processes, with printing output valued at Rupiah13.3 trillion in 2005, projected to grow by 19% in absolute terms in 2006. Coldset web offset is the next largest component of offset litho printing with output at Rupiah8.10 trillion ahead of heatset web offset at Rupiah6.40 trillion, with all segments posting nominal growth of around 20% for the year. The fastest growing areas of the market are Electrophotography and inkjet valued at Rupiah2.35 trillion and Rupiah706 billion respectively in 2005, with screen and letterpress losing market share.
Table 4 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Print Process, 2001-2006 (Rupiah million, current prices) Process
Offset litho Sheetfed Web Coldset Heatset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2001
2005
2006p
% change 2005-2006
20,535,862.2 9,764,017.6 10,771,844.6 6,206,827.5 4,565,017.1 2,831,551.9 4,146,989.9 1,355,522.8 2,763,219.4 1,155,664.1 376,656.0 1,559,928.1 34,725,394.3
27,822,853.6 13,322,447.6 14,500,406.0 8,097,466.4 6,402,939.6 4,096,056.8 5,461,029.0 1,647,773.4 3,625,101.5 2,353,636.2 705,862.8 1,364,972.2 47,077,285.5
33,182,617.5 15,855,690.6 17,326,926.9 9,634,973.2 7,691,953.7 4,940,110.7 6,456,047.8 1,930,342.3 4,229,785.8 2,861,364.8 891,802.3 1,639,221.3 56,131,292.6
19.3 19.0 19.5 19.0 20.1 20.6 18.2 17.1 16.7 21.6 26.3 20.1 19.2
Note: p=projected Source: Pira International Ltd
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CAGR (%) 20012006 10.1 10.2 10.0 9.2 11.0 11.8 9.3 7.3 8.9 19.9 18.8 1.0 10.1
Table 5 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Print Process, 2001-2006 (US$ million, current prices) Process Offset litho Sheetfed Web Coldset Heatset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2001
2005
2006p
$2,004.0 952.8 1,051.2 605.7 445.5 276.3 404.7 132.3 269.7 112.8 36.8 152.2 $3,388.7
$2,866.7 1,372.7 1,494.0 834.3 659.7 422.0 562.7 169.8 373.5 242.5 72.7 140.6 $4,850.7
$3,265.5 1,560.3 1,705.2 948.2 757.0 486.1 635.3 190.0 416.2 281.6 87.8 161.3 $5,523.8
% change 2005-2006 13.9 13.7 14.1 13.6 14.7 15.2 12.9 11.9 11.4 16.1 20.7 14.7 13.9
CAGR (%) 2001-2006 10.3 10.4 10.2 9.4 11.2 12.0 9.4 7.5 9.1 20.1 19.0 1.2 10.3
Note: p=projected Source: Pira International Ltd
Across end-use areas, packaging represents the single largest product sector with sales of Rupiah16 trillion in 2005, projected to grow by 19% in 2006. The fastestgrowing areas of the market during 2006 include advertising sectors such as coupons and inserts, as well as directories, financial/legal printing and magazines.
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Table 6 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Product Sector, 2001-2006 (Rupiah million, current prices) Product
2001
2005
2006p 3,636,708.9 2,111,590.8 1,390,405.4 3,167,679.5 9,049,399.5 104,562.2 2,832,685.4
% change 2005-2006 19.6 18.0 23.0 20.2 15.8 35.4 22.3
CAGR (%) 2001-2006 9.5 8.9 9.3 10.2 9.0 30.7 10.8
2,313,391.4 1,376,796.9 890,073.1 1,946,934.2 5,882,757.7 27,390.2 1,698,190.5
3,040,387.4 1,789,130.7 1,130,037.3 2,636,373.6 7,814,475.9 77,198.3 2,315,949.3
356,072.2 41,085.3
540,388.2 77,198.3
674,901.6 99,809.4
24.9 29.3
13.6 19.4
Books Catalogs Directories Magazines Newspapers Direct mail Brochures & pamphlets, other promotional print* Inserts Coupons, tickets & tape printing Posters & banners** Business forms Financial & legal printing*** Packaging - Corrugated & solid fiber - Cartons - Flexibles Labels Others Total
616,278.8 1,135,563.8 1,224,961.2
849,181.4 1,485,156.4 1,714,663.6
1,040,869.3 1,776,024.0 2,069,319.3
22.6 19.6 20.7
11.1 9.4 11.1
10,978,843.4 7,381,021.5 2,856,750.0 741,071.9 1,508,202.8 4,728,853.0 34,725,394.3
16,006,391.1 10,727,483.3 4,460,981.2 817,926.6 1,929,387.6 5,671,366.4 47,077,285.5
19,017,807.6 12,641,593.1 5,332,136.8 1,044,077.6 2,290,779.0 6,868,750.9 56,131,292.6
18.8 17.8 19.5 27.6 18.7 21.1 19.2
11.6 11.4 13.3 7.1 8.7 7.8 10.1
Packaging - Consumer packaging - Industrial packaging
10,978,843.4 4,121,355.9 6,857,487.5
16,006,391.1 6,075,891.6 9,930,499.5
19,017,807.6 7,289,373.2 11,728,434.4
18.8 20.0 18.1
11.6 12.1 11.3
Note: p=projected; *excl. financial publications, etc; *plus other point-of-sale advertising materials; ***inc. financial reports, etc Source: Pira International Ltd
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Table 7 Indonesia: Print Market Trends by Product Sector, 2001-2006 (US$ million, current prices) Product
2001
2005
2006p
Books Catalogs Directories Magazines Newspapers Direct mail Brochures & pamphlets, other promotional print* Inserts Coupons, tickets & tape printing Posters & banners** Business forms Financial & legal printing*** Packaging - Corrugated & solid fiber - Cartons - Flexibles Labels Others Total
$225.8 134.4 86.9 190.0 574.1 2.7 165.7
$313.3 184.3 116.4 271.6 805.2 8.0 238.6
$357.9 207.8 136.8 311.7 890.5 10.3 278.8
% change 2005-2006 14.2 12.7 17.5 14.8 10.6 29.4 16.8
CAGR (%) 2001-2006 9.7 9.1 9.5 10.4 9.2 30.9 11.0
34.7 4.0 60.1 110.8 119.5 1,071.4 720.3 278.8 72.3 147.2 461.5 $3,388.7
55.7 8.0 87.5 153.0 176.7 1,649.3 1,105.3 459.7 84.3 198.8 584.4 $4,850.7
66.4 9.8 102.4 174.8 203.6 1,871.5 1,244.0 524.7 102.7 225.4 675.9 $5,523.8
19.3 23.5 17.1 14.2 15.3 13.5 12.5 14.2 21.9 13.4 15.7 13.9
13.8 19.6 11.2 9.5 11.2 11.8 11.5 13.5 7.3 8.9 7.9 10.3
Packaging - Consumer packaging - Industrial packaging
$1,071.4 402.2 669.2
$1,649.3 626.0 1,023.2
$1,871.5 717.3 1,154.2
13.5 14.6 12.8
11.8 12.3 11.5
Note: p=projected; *excl. financial publications, etc; *plus other point-of-sale advertising materials; ***inc. financial reports, etc Source: Pira International Ltd
With 225 million inhabitants in 2006, Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous nation after China, India and the U.S. Most of the population is located on 1,000 of the 17,000 islands comprising the country. Indonesia is one of the least economically developed of the countries in Asia. Although it currently has GDP per head of US$1,400, almost double that of India, this is significantly less than many other Asian countries, including China.
In the last ten years, Indonesia has experienced fairly turbulent times, both politically and economically, having suffered both at the time of the Asian crisis in 1998 and also more recently as a result of the tsunami in December 2004. Now, though, the political situation seems to be stabilizing and the international reputation of the regime has been 10
enhanced since the resolution of the East Timor issue and the end of the Suharto regime. Regional ethnic tensions still remain in the country, however, and this is bound to be a somewhat disconcerting factor underlying economic development over the next five years. Notwithstanding, growth in GDP is forecast at 71.3% between 2006 and 2011, and with fairly low population growth, this will allow per capita GDP to rise to over US$2,200 by 2011.
Table 8 Indonesia: Key Data Population (million) GDP (US$ billion) Print market (US$ million) Print market per capita (US$)
2006
2011
225 $315 $6,096 $27.06
238 $540 $9,548 $40.04
Literacy rate (2003) Internet usage (2005) Broadband access (2005)
% change 20062011 5.8 71.3* 56.6 48.0 87.9% 8.1% Very low
Note: *nominal GDP growth – includes inflationary effects Source: Pira International Ltd
The geographical fragmentation of the country makes the physical distribution of print media somewhat problematic outside the main centers of population. Even so, newspapers still reach nearly half of the adult population in the country. Overall, though, print media only has a 46% share of above-the-line advertising at the moment. The use of non-television electronic media is still quite low, although measures such the initiatives to promote public Internet access, namely the ‘Warung’ Internet (Warnet) public Internet kiosks and the Warpostnets – Internet cafes run by post offices – will certainly help to increase future use quite significantly, particularly if the problems of the poor telecommunications infrastructure that currently exist can be overcome.
Even with some of the problems outlined above that are faced by the print media, total demand for print in Indonesia is forecast to grow by around 56% in the period 2006 to 2011. Growth will not keep pace with that of GDP, however, which is forecast at over 11
70% over the same period. Between 2006 and 2011, demand for printed packaging will grow significantly faster, at 69.6% for the sector, than will be the case for demand for graphic print. The best prospects for packaging print lie with the market for flexibles, which is forecast to grow by 84.7% by 2011.
In the case of the graphic print sector, the brightest growth prospects are forecast for direct mail (up by 67.6% by 2011) and the magazine market, which is forecast to grow by 62.5% by 2011. Although the direct mail market will show good growth, the use of direct mail is currently very low and, hence, the size of the market will still remain low in overall value terms by 2011.
Table 9 Indonesia: Forecast Print Demand by Print Product Sector, 2006-2011 (US$ million, current prices) Sector Books Catalogs Directories Magazines Newspapers Direct mail Brochures & pamphlets, other promotional print* Inserts Coupons, tickets & tape printing Posters & banners** Business forms Financial & legal printing*** Packaging - Corrugated & solid fiber - Cartons - Flexibles Labels Others Total
2006
2011
$393.0 228.7 144.0 346.1 1,001.6 10.2 300.8 70.7 10.0 111.2 189.1 222.5 2,065.5 1,379.2 575.7 110.7 257.8 745.3 $6,096.5
$574.4 335.2 196.9 562.5 1,378.2 17.1 459.3 110.2 14.8 174.3 257.5 329.4 3,502.5 2,310.3 987.8 204.4 446.7 1,188.7 $9,547.8
% change 2006-2011 46.2 46.6 36.7 62.5 37.6 67.6 52.7 55.9 48.3 56.8 36.2 48.1 69.6 67.5 71.6 84.7 73.3 59.5 56.6
Note: totals may not add up due to rounding; *excl. financial publications, etc; *plus other point-of-sale advertising materials; ***inc. financial reports, etc Source: Pira International Ltd
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MACHINERY, INK, CONSUMABLES AND SUBSTRATES Given the speed of product development and the rapid pace of technology transfer, most of the key developments for printing presses and processes over the next five years will be seen in all of the main regions of the world, despite the fact that the rate of adoption varies between developed and developing regions.
Table 10 Indonesia: Printing Machinery (US$ million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Spares Prepress - Film imagesetters - Platesetters Postpress Total
66.9 22.2 16.2 9.1 15.3 8.6 18.7 13.3 4.7 93.9 15.4
% change 2005-06 7.2 8.0 7.7 4.2 18.8 -0.8 -1.2 13.8 24.0 19.2 13.9
3.4 12.0 14.6 298.7
0.2 18.4 18.4 11.8
2006
69.2 28.6 16.8 8.7 21.5 9.7 14.5 26.1 7.3 105.1 19.1
% change 2006-11 3.6 28.8 4.2 -3.7 40.4 13.1 -22.5 96.3 54.3 12.0 24.1
2.8 16.3 16.5 343.1
-18.4 36.1 12.5 14.9
2011
Source: Pira International Ltd
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Table 11 Indonesia: Printing Machinery (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Spares Prepress - Film imagesetters - Platesetters Postpress Total
2006 615,552.5 204,122.7 148,711.3 83,657.2 140,931.4 78,748.5 172,554.4 122,483.7 43,366.1 864,140.4 141,546.5
% change 2005-06 1.7 5.5 1.7 -8.7 14.1 -12.0 -11.3 11.5 9.0 15.5 8.1
2011 637,408.4 262,963.1 154,934.7 80,562.4 197,886.8 89,090.6 133,678.9 240,443.3 66,911.0 968,091.2 175,698.1
% change 2006-11 3.6 66.3 58.8 37.7 26.0 60.3 -0.3 76.3 126.1 53.9 66.0
31,140.2 110,406.3 134,624.7 2,750,439.3
-4.9 12.4 7.2 5.3
25,414.3 150,283.8 151,477.6 3,159,146.1
-3.6 85.6 54.9 57.0
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 12 Indonesia: Printing Consumables (US$ million, current prices) Sector Graphic arts film All aluminum plates - Metal CtP - Conventional Polyester/paper Flexo plates Total
11.1
% change 2005-06 0.3
41.2 23.3 17.9 2.1 4.0 58.4
42.7 46.1 38.4 24.9 14.2 29.4
2006
8.9
% change 2006-11 -19.7
54.5 35.7 18.8 3.7 4.4 71.5
32.3 53.3 5.1 81.0 9.2 22.5
2011
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 13 Indonesia: Printing Consumables (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Graphic arts film All aluminum plates - Metal CtP - Conventional Polyester/paper Flexo plates Total
2006 102,513.6
% change 2005-06 -4.8
2011 82,308.4
% change 2006-11 -19.7
379,113.0 214,173.9 164,939.1 19,007.6 36,934.6 537,568.9
35.3 38.6 31.3 18.5 8.3 22.7
501,709.5 328,316.8 173,392.7 34,406.1 40,340.6 658,764.7
32.3 53.3 5.1 81.0 9.2 22.5
Source: Pira International Ltd
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Table 14 Indonesia: Printing Inks (US$ million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2006 50.2 30.5 24.2 15.5 20.5 6.1 13.6 11.8 3.8 6.8 183.0
% change 2005-06 22.3 22.3 23.5 24.0 21.5 20.4 19.9 25.0 35.1 20.7 22.6
2011 72.7 42.2 36.3 24.1 28.4 7.7 13.5 25.9 11.8 9.0 271.7
% change 2006-11 44.7 38.3 50.1 55.5 38.7 26.9 -0.6 120.6 207.5 32.7 48.5
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 15 Indonesia: Printing Inks (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Sheetfed offset Coldset web offset Heatset web offset Gravure Flexo Screen Letterpress Electrophotography Inkjet Other Total
2006 462,344.8 281,173.5 222,410.2 142,778.4 188,645.3 56,205.2 124,804.0 108,256.2 35,303.5 62,574.9 1,684,496.1
% change 2005-06 16.1 16.0 17.2 17.6 15.3 14.2 13.8 18.6 28.2 14.5 16.3
2011 668,996.5 388,916.5 333,926.0 221,960.6 261,686.4 71,319.1 124,070.3 238,833.7 108,559.1 83,035.0 2,501,303.2
Source: Pira International Ltd
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% change 2006-11 44.7 38.3 50.1 55.5 38.7 26.9 -0.6 120.6 207.5 32.7 48.5
Table 16 Indonesia: Printing Substrates (US$ million, current prices) Sector Uncoated mechanical Coated mechanical Uncoated woodfree Coated woodfree Newsprint Packaging paper & board Other paper Films Foils Other Packaging substrates Total
25.8 58.8 138.6 208.1 168.7
% change 2005-06 14.8 14.7 13.2 14.0 24.1
1,543.3 30.8 158.0 125.5 184.4 2,642.1
2006
34.2 83.4 193.1 275.6 229.8
% change 2006-11 32.6 41.8 39.3 32.4 36.2
23.5 12.9 16.6 16.3
2,670.0 40.3 264.8 210.2
73.0 30.9 67.6 67.6
19.0 20.7
241.5 4,243.1
30.9 60.6
2011
Source: Pira International Ltd
Table 17 Indonesia: Printing Substrates (Rupiah million, current prices) Sector Uncoated mechanical Coated mechanical Uncoated woodfree Coated woodfree Newsprint Packaging paper & board Other paper Films Foils Other Packaging substrates Total
2006 237,752.1 541,663.4 1,276,299.9 1,915,948.2 1,553,528.5
% change 2005-06 8.9 8.9 7.4 8.2 17.7
2011 315,333.2 768,190.7 1,778,220.1 2,537,616.1 2,116,253.7
% change 2006-11 32.6 41.8 39.3 32.4 36.2
14,209,185.1 283,571.7 1,454,803.4 1,155,123.6
17.2 7.1 10.6 10.3
24,583,181.7 371,252.5 2,437,871.5 1,935,686.1
73.0 30.9 67.6 67.6
1,698,179.3 24,326,055.1
12.9 14.5
2,223,259.3 39,066,864.9
30.9 60.6
Source: Pira International Ltd
For more comprehensive information about the global printing industry, please refer to the three PRIMIR reports “World Wide Market for Print” (Phase I, Phase II and Final). Visit http://www.primir.org/past_primir_studies.html for descriptions, tables of contents, and ordering information.
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