International Education China Market Briefing
International Education China Market Briefing Yifan XU Senior Education Services Manager-China Shanghai, China Email: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: (8621) 6279 8681
Structure of Educational Administration in China
Professor YUAN Guiren, Minister of Education, PRC
Departments of Ministry of Education, China General Office
Policies and Regulations
Development and Planning
Personnel
Finance
Basic Education I
Basic Education II
Vocational and Adult Education
Higher Education
National Education Inspectorate
Ethnic Minority Education
Teacher Education
Physical, Health and Arts Education
Moral Education
Social Sciences
Science and Technology
College Student Affairs
National Universities Postgraduate Education (the State Council Academic Degrees Committee)
Language Information Management
International Cooperation and Exchanges (Office of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs)
Language Planning and Administration
Department of International Cooperation and Exchanges
Duties & functions of Department of International Cooperation and Exchange are as follows: •To formulate guidelines and policies for the foreign affairs of China's educational sector, and to draft relevant laws and regulations; •to manage, coordinate and supervise educational cooperation and exchanges between China and other countries; •to manage the cooperation and exchanges between China's educational sector and international organizations as well as inter-regional governmental organizations; to formulate guidelines and policies for Chinese students studying abroad and international students studying in China, and to undertake overall management of this issue; •to plan, coordinate and instruct the work of teaching Chinese as a foreign language; to manage educational aiding programs provided to other countries by China as well as educational aiding programs offered by other countries to China; •to participate in the administration of employing foreign teachers by schools of different levels, and to supervise the selection and employment of foreign teachers by the affiliated universities; to examine, approve and administrate institutions and programs engaged in educational cooperation and exchanges; •to give instruction on the operation of education departments in Chinese embassy and consulate abroad; to manage the Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan affairs on behalf of the Ministry of Education, to formulate concerning policies, manage, coordinate and supervise the educational exchanges between education systems of inland China and that of Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR and Taiwan District.
Affiliated Organisations of Ministry of Education, PRC
•China National Institute for Educational Research •National Centre for Education Development Research •Research Centre for Social Science Development in Higher Education Institutions •Central Institute for Vocational and Technical Education •Centre for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language Development (Hanban/General Headquaters of Confucius Institute) •Centre for Science and Technology Development •National Centre for Educational Technology (National Resource Centre for Basic Educaiton) •Education Equipment Research Institute •National Centre for School Curriculum and Textbook Development
Affiliated Organisations of Ministry of Education, PRC
•People’s Education Press •Higher Education Press •China Education Press Agency •Chinese Service Centre for Scholarly Exchange •China Education Association for International •Chinese Foundation for Teacher Development •Chinese Association of Higher Education •Chinese Adult Education Association •China Vocational and Technical Education Society
Australia, international students enrolled from China, by sector, ytd May 2002-09 (AEI)
Percent of international student visas granted/ refused by visa subclass, China, 2007-08 (AEI)
China, top 10 provinces, student visa applications granted/refused, 2007-08 (AEI)
Top 15 cities, international student visa applications granted / refused, China, 07-08 (AEI)
Student enrolments from China, all sectors, ytd May 2002-09 (AEI)
China population forecast, medium variant, 1950-2050 (UNESCO 2009)
China, school-age population numbers (5-14 years) forecast 1950-2050 (UNESCO 2009)
China, proportion of the population school age (5-14) forecast 1950-2050 (UNESCO 2009)
Key Challenges for Chinese Education
•Primary and secondary school Education: China is running the biggest education system in the world which enrolls 20% of the world’s students with only 2% of the world’s education funding. Key Challenges: •Limited funding compared to the scale of China. •Demands for better education quality from a rapidly developing economy. •How to manage the rapid rise of private education institutions. •Demand for practical vocational training.
Schools--Facts in Mainland China
1.
Chinese Government Policy Directions-School Education in 2009: Premier Wen Jiabao reaffirmed education as a priority for the government in 2009. He stressed the importance of free and equal access to compulsory education in poorer areas, the development of the vocational education sector, and reform of the education system to nurture creative and practical generations of graduates. This concept of “Suzhi” education calls for reform across subject curriculum, teaching materials, delivery methods and examination systems.
2.
Current State of the Mainland China School Market-2009 Annual Report • Primary school new enrolments (Years 1 – 6) decreased 3.4% to 16.4 million, with a total primary school population in China of around 100.7m; • ‘Middle School’/Secondary School new enrolments (Years 7 – 9) decreased 3.8% to 18 million, with a total ‘middle’ school population in China of around 54.4m. • ‘High School’ / Senior Secondary School new enrolments (Years 10 – 12) increased 3% to 17 million, with a total High school population in China of around 46.4 million. • Higher Ed - there are over 29.8 million students studying at some 2,689 Universities and Adult Higher education institutions in China.
All Sector Year To Date Enrolments by Top 10 Nationalities by State/Territory for July 2010
Nationality China India
NSW
VIC
QLD
SA
WA
TAS
NT
ACT
Total
59,268
45,715
18,272
11,786
8,053
1,721
131
4,103
149,049
19,544
40,166
15,901
5,765
5,992
150
178
601
88,297
13,789
5,027
6,828
1,461
1,553
373
18
542
29,591
7,413
10,008
2,077
1,307
1,539
118
62
514
23,038
3,580
8,369
2,568
2,460
4,093
758
39
554
22,421
12,391
4,166
2,131
323
1,007
155
84
205
20,462
12,576
3,929
1,647
373
571
24
83
36
19,239
7,310
5,372
827
414
1,831
22
129
252
16,157
5,961
822
3,590
127
1,439
11
24
19
11,993
3,676
2,770
2,768
765
1,102
264
0
435
11,780
54,676
37,483
33,443
6,298
17,012
1,080
428
2,967
153,387
200,184
163,827
90,052
31,079
44,192
4,676
1,176
10,228
545,414
Korea, Republic of (South)
Viet Nam Malaysia Thailand Nepal Indonesia Brazil Saudi Arabia Other nationalities
Total
All Sector Year To Date Enrolments by Top 10 Nationalities by State/Territory for July 2010
600,000 NSW
500,000
VIC QLD
400,000
SA 300,000
WA TAS
200,000
NT ACT
100,000
Total
To ta l
B ra S zi au l d O i A th ra er bi na a tio na lit ie s
In do ne si a
N ep al
K or C hi ea na ,R ep ub lic Ind of ia (S ou th ) V ie tN am M al ay si a Th ai la nd
0
Enrolments from China by sector, Victoria YTD 2010
Sector
YTD May 2009
YTD May 2010
Higher Education
15,235
VET
% Share 2010
Change 2009 to 2010
% Change on one year
18,103
47%
2,868
19%
8,201
9,298
24%
1,097
13%
ELICOS
5,341
6,270
16%
929
17%
Schools
3,664
3,206
8.4%
-458
-13%
Other (Non-Award Courses, Enabling Courses)
1,089
1,515
4%
426
39%
Grand Total
33,530
38,392
100%
4,862
15%
English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS)
Enrolments From China to Victoria, YTD May 2010 • ELICOS accounted for 16% of enrolments. • ELICOS can be a pathway to further study in the VET or higher education sectors. • ELICOS also experienced 17% growth between 2009 and 2010 with total 6,270 enrolments during the year to May 2010.
Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Victoria
Enrolments From China to Victoria , YTD May 2010 •The VET sector accounted for 24% of enrolments and 13% of the increased enrolments in 2009. Majority Chinese students enrolled in VET courses study at private institutions rather than TAFE. •According to AEI China’s education agents survey feedback, ‘changes to skilled migration regulations have been perceived by many in China as a virtual closure of opportunities for international students to migrate.’
Universities in Victoria
Enrolments From China to Victoria , YTD May 2010 •Higher education accounted for 47 % of enrolments in 2010.
International flow of tertiary students from China 2005 Source: UNESCO 2008
Host Country
2005 % Share
United States
92,370
23%
Japan
83,264
21%
United Kingdom
52,677
13%
Australia
40,316
10%
Germany
27,129
7%
New Zealand
23,260
6%
France
14,316
4%
Macao, China
11,675
3%
6,462
2%
22,510
11%
373,979
100%
Republic of Korea All Others All Countries
Competitor Analysis—USA
AEI’s Survey •The USA is building on its long-standing reputation as the premier destination for quality students, with the widest range of choice of institutions and areas of study. Lower entrance requirements, easier visa processes and a new willingness among US providers to work with education agents have contributed to a rapid expansion of US market share in China. •Some agents also reported that the increase assistance given to US providers by US embassies and consulates and impact of President Obama’s message to welcome Chinese students to the US were also contributing. •Higher commission fees paid by US providers were also mentioned by several agents
USA Consular Affairs Announcement •“overall number of all visa applications in the mainland for 2009 is 596,231, a year-onyear increase of 50,000, with student visa applications accounting for 98,500 of them.”
Competitor Analysis—UK (AEI’s survey)
•UK has relatively stable market share •UK’s advantage of a strongly depreciated pound •British Home Secretary Theresa May, who announced the plan in late June, also said the country would introduce further curbs on international students "in due course". •China is a major source of foreign students for British universities, many of which rely heavily on overseas students to earn more money. The direct impact of overseas students on the UK economy is estimated at 8.5 billion pounds ($12.8 billion), according to latest figures by the British Council. •According to a BBC report, British colleges and universities enrolled 30,240 students from non-EU countries in 2008. Approximately 6,000 or one in five was from China.
Competitor Analysis—Canada
•Almost all education agents consider Canada to be strengthening its position in the market after implementing visa reforms and a successful visit by the Canadian Prime Minister with a welcoming message to students to his country (AEI’s Survey) •300,000 Chinese Canadians return, bringing education with them
Opportunities
•China’s economic boom is creating unprecedented demand for higher education (including VET) as domestic demand still exceeds domestic supply. •China’s middle class to reach 48% of the whole population (approximately 700 million) in 10 years (Euromonitor) •Greatest demand for labor is estimated to be in the areas of engineering, finance, commerce, IT, business administration, and logistics & transport. •Chinese students and parents are looking for a cost effective course, at a quality institution in a foreign country. •Number of overseas Chinese students increases. A total of 229,300 Chinese went overseas to study in 2009, up 27.5 percent year on year, according to the Ministry of Education. Among them, about 92 percent were funded privately, while the remaining 8 percent received either national scholarships or were funded by private companies, institutions or organizations.
Threats
•
• •
• •
The new Skilled Occupation List (SOL) announced by the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship on May 17 suggests the country is narrowing its doors to immigration. While the current SOL has 400 occupations, the new list, which will come into effect on July 1, cuts the number to 181. The expansion of the supply of domestic market will potentially limit the demand for overseas education; but there is a real quality issue to be addressed (which in itself becomes an opportunity). NSW is Victoria’s major competitor, NSW had the largest market share attracted some 50,416 (YTD May 2010) or 40% mainland Chinese student enrolments. While Victoria attracted 38,392 or 31% of mainland Chinese students enrolments. High Australian dollar makes other study destinations in Asia more competitive e.g. Singapore & Malaysia. Tightening by MOE on approval (and renewal) of ‘twinning programs’ between Chinese & foreign education institutions; there being as yet no clear idea when approvals will be normalized.
Victorian Government Education and Training promotion activities during SHWE 2010
• Victorian VET mission to China • Premier & Governor’s visit to China • Connections 2010 ‘SMART Classroom’ exhibition and promotions • Major luncheon
Australian Pavilion
Urban best practices area
Corporate pavilions
Zone E Zone D
Expo Museum
Australian Pavilion
Zone A National pavilions for European, American and African countries
Zone B
National pavilions for Asian countries (-ASEAN)
Zone C National Pavilions for ASEAN and Oceania countries, Pavilions for international organizations
Victorian Government Support
Transit Desks in Shanghai Access China Program
• Shanghai Speed 416.6Km/hour
• Thank You!
Structure of Educational Administration in China
Professor YUAN Guiren, Minister of Education, PRC
Departments of Ministry of Education, China General Office
Policies and Regulations
Development and Planning
Personnel
Finance
Basic Education I
Basic Education II
Vocational and Adult Education
Higher Education
National Education Inspectorate
Ethnic Minority Education
Teacher Education
Physical, Health and Arts Education
Moral Education
Social Sciences
Science and Technology
College Student Affairs
National Universities Postgraduate Education (the State Council Academic Degrees Committee)
Language Information Management
International Cooperation and Exchanges (Office of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs)
Language Planning and Administration
Department of International Cooperation and Exchanges
Duties & functions of Department of International Cooperation and Exchange are as follows: •To formulate guidelines and policies for the foreign affairs of China's educational sector, and to draft relevant laws and regulations; •to manage, coordinate and supervise educational cooperation and exchanges between China and other countries; •to manage the cooperation and exchanges between China's educational sector and international organizations as well as inter-regional governmental organizations; to formulate guidelines and policies for Chinese students studying abroad and international students studying in China, and to undertake overall management of this issue; •to plan, coordinate and instruct the work of teaching Chinese as a foreign language; to manage educational aiding programs provided to other countries by China as well as educational aiding programs offered by other countries to China; •to participate in the administration of employing foreign teachers by schools of different levels, and to supervise the selection and employment of foreign teachers by the affiliated universities; to examine, approve and administrate institutions and programs engaged in educational cooperation and exchanges; •to give instruction on the operation of education departments in Chinese embassy and consulate abroad; to manage the Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan affairs on behalf of the Ministry of Education, to formulate concerning policies, manage, coordinate and supervise the educational exchanges between education systems of inland China and that of Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR and Taiwan District.
Affiliated Organisations of Ministry of Education, PRC
•China National Institute for Educational Research •National Centre for Education Development Research •Research Centre for Social Science Development in Higher Education Institutions •Central Institute for Vocational and Technical Education •Centre for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language Development (Hanban/General Headquaters of Confucius Institute) •Centre for Science and Technology Development •National Centre for Educational Technology (National Resource Centre for Basic Educaiton) •Education Equipment Research Institute •National Centre for School Curriculum and Textbook Development
Affiliated Organisations of Ministry of Education, PRC
•People’s Education Press •Higher Education Press •China Education Press Agency •Chinese Service Centre for Scholarly Exchange •China Education Association for International •Chinese Foundation for Teacher Development •Chinese Association of Higher Education •Chinese Adult Education Association •China Vocational and Technical Education Society
Australia, international students enrolled from China, by sector, ytd May 2002-09 (AEI)
Percent of international student visas granted/ refused by visa subclass, China, 2007-08 (AEI)
China, top 10 provinces, student visa applications granted/refused, 2007-08 (AEI)
Top 15 cities, international student visa applications granted / refused, China, 07-08 (AEI)
Student enrolments from China, all sectors, ytd May 2002-09 (AEI)
China population forecast, medium variant, 1950-2050 (UNESCO 2009)
China, school-age population numbers (5-14 years) forecast 1950-2050 (UNESCO 2009)
China, proportion of the population school age (5-14) forecast 1950-2050 (UNESCO 2009)
Key Challenges for Chinese Education
•Primary and secondary school Education: China is running the biggest education system in the world which enrolls 20% of the world’s students with only 2% of the world’s education funding. Key Challenges: •Limited funding compared to the scale of China. •Demands for better education quality from a rapidly developing economy. •How to manage the rapid rise of private education institutions. •Demand for practical vocational training.
Schools--Facts in Mainland China
1.
Chinese Government Policy Directions-School Education in 2009: Premier Wen Jiabao reaffirmed education as a priority for the government in 2009. He stressed the importance of free and equal access to compulsory education in poorer areas, the development of the vocational education sector, and reform of the education system to nurture creative and practical generations of graduates. This concept of “Suzhi” education calls for reform across subject curriculum, teaching materials, delivery methods and examination systems.
2.
Current State of the Mainland China School Market-2009 Annual Report • Primary school new enrolments (Years 1 – 6) decreased 3.4% to 16.4 million, with a total primary school population in China of around 100.7m; • ‘Middle School’/Secondary School new enrolments (Years 7 – 9) decreased 3.8% to 18 million, with a total ‘middle’ school population in China of around 54.4m. • ‘High School’ / Senior Secondary School new enrolments (Years 10 – 12) increased 3% to 17 million, with a total High school population in China of around 46.4 million. • Higher Ed - there are over 29.8 million students studying at some 2,689 Universities and Adult Higher education institutions in China.
All Sector Year To Date Enrolments by Top 10 Nationalities by State/Territory for July 2010
Nationality China India
NSW
VIC
QLD
SA
WA
TAS
NT
ACT
Total
59,268
45,715
18,272
11,786
8,053
1,721
131
4,103
149,049
19,544
40,166
15,901
5,765
5,992
150
178
601
88,297
13,789
5,027
6,828
1,461
1,553
373
18
542
29,591
7,413
10,008
2,077
1,307
1,539
118
62
514
23,038
3,580
8,369
2,568
2,460
4,093
758
39
554
22,421
12,391
4,166
2,131
323
1,007
155
84
205
20,462
12,576
3,929
1,647
373
571
24
83
36
19,239
7,310
5,372
827
414
1,831
22
129
252
16,157
5,961
822
3,590
127
1,439
11
24
19
11,993
3,676
2,770
2,768
765
1,102
264
0
435
11,780
54,676
37,483
33,443
6,298
17,012
1,080
428
2,967
153,387
200,184
163,827
90,052
31,079
44,192
4,676
1,176
10,228
545,414
Korea, Republic of (South)
Viet Nam Malaysia Thailand Nepal Indonesia Brazil Saudi Arabia Other nationalities
Total
All Sector Year To Date Enrolments by Top 10 Nationalities by State/Territory for July 2010
600,000 NSW
500,000
VIC QLD
400,000
SA 300,000
WA TAS
200,000
NT ACT
100,000
Total
To ta l
B ra S zi au l d O i A th ra er bi na a tio na lit ie s
In do ne si a
N ep al
K or C hi ea na ,R ep ub lic Ind of ia (S ou th ) V ie tN am M al ay si a Th ai la nd
0
Enrolments from China by sector, Victoria YTD 2010
Sector
YTD May 2009
YTD May 2010
Higher Education
15,235
VET
% Share 2010
Change 2009 to 2010
% Change on one year
18,103
47%
2,868
19%
8,201
9,298
24%
1,097
13%
ELICOS
5,341
6,270
16%
929
17%
Schools
3,664
3,206
8.4%
-458
-13%
Other (Non-Award Courses, Enabling Courses)
1,089
1,515
4%
426
39%
Grand Total
33,530
38,392
100%
4,862
15%
English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS)
Enrolments From China to Victoria, YTD May 2010 • ELICOS accounted for 16% of enrolments. • ELICOS can be a pathway to further study in the VET or higher education sectors. • ELICOS also experienced 17% growth between 2009 and 2010 with total 6,270 enrolments during the year to May 2010.
Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Victoria
Enrolments From China to Victoria , YTD May 2010 •The VET sector accounted for 24% of enrolments and 13% of the increased enrolments in 2009. Majority Chinese students enrolled in VET courses study at private institutions rather than TAFE. •According to AEI China’s education agents survey feedback, ‘changes to skilled migration regulations have been perceived by many in China as a virtual closure of opportunities for international students to migrate.’
Universities in Victoria
Enrolments From China to Victoria , YTD May 2010 •Higher education accounted for 47 % of enrolments in 2010.
International flow of tertiary students from China 2005 Source: UNESCO 2008
Host Country
2005 % Share
United States
92,370
23%
Japan
83,264
21%
United Kingdom
52,677
13%
Australia
40,316
10%
Germany
27,129
7%
New Zealand
23,260
6%
France
14,316
4%
Macao, China
11,675
3%
6,462
2%
22,510
11%
373,979
100%
Republic of Korea All Others All Countries
Competitor Analysis—USA
AEI’s Survey •The USA is building on its long-standing reputation as the premier destination for quality students, with the widest range of choice of institutions and areas of study. Lower entrance requirements, easier visa processes and a new willingness among US providers to work with education agents have contributed to a rapid expansion of US market share in China. •Some agents also reported that the increase assistance given to US providers by US embassies and consulates and impact of President Obama’s message to welcome Chinese students to the US were also contributing. •Higher commission fees paid by US providers were also mentioned by several agents
USA Consular Affairs Announcement •“overall number of all visa applications in the mainland for 2009 is 596,231, a year-onyear increase of 50,000, with student visa applications accounting for 98,500 of them.”
Competitor Analysis—UK (AEI’s survey)
•UK has relatively stable market share •UK’s advantage of a strongly depreciated pound •British Home Secretary Theresa May, who announced the plan in late June, also said the country would introduce further curbs on international students "in due course". •China is a major source of foreign students for British universities, many of which rely heavily on overseas students to earn more money. The direct impact of overseas students on the UK economy is estimated at 8.5 billion pounds ($12.8 billion), according to latest figures by the British Council. •According to a BBC report, British colleges and universities enrolled 30,240 students from non-EU countries in 2008. Approximately 6,000 or one in five was from China.
Competitor Analysis—Canada
•Almost all education agents consider Canada to be strengthening its position in the market after implementing visa reforms and a successful visit by the Canadian Prime Minister with a welcoming message to students to his country (AEI’s Survey) •300,000 Chinese Canadians return, bringing education with them
Opportunities
•China’s economic boom is creating unprecedented demand for higher education (including VET) as domestic demand still exceeds domestic supply. •China’s middle class to reach 48% of the whole population (approximately 700 million) in 10 years (Euromonitor) •Greatest demand for labor is estimated to be in the areas of engineering, finance, commerce, IT, business administration, and logistics & transport. •Chinese students and parents are looking for a cost effective course, at a quality institution in a foreign country. •Number of overseas Chinese students increases. A total of 229,300 Chinese went overseas to study in 2009, up 27.5 percent year on year, according to the Ministry of Education. Among them, about 92 percent were funded privately, while the remaining 8 percent received either national scholarships or were funded by private companies, institutions or organizations.
Threats
•
• •
• •
The new Skilled Occupation List (SOL) announced by the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship on May 17 suggests the country is narrowing its doors to immigration. While the current SOL has 400 occupations, the new list, which will come into effect on July 1, cuts the number to 181. The expansion of the supply of domestic market will potentially limit the demand for overseas education; but there is a real quality issue to be addressed (which in itself becomes an opportunity). NSW is Victoria’s major competitor, NSW had the largest market share attracted some 50,416 (YTD May 2010) or 40% mainland Chinese student enrolments. While Victoria attracted 38,392 or 31% of mainland Chinese students enrolments. High Australian dollar makes other study destinations in Asia more competitive e.g. Singapore & Malaysia. Tightening by MOE on approval (and renewal) of ‘twinning programs’ between Chinese & foreign education institutions; there being as yet no clear idea when approvals will be normalized.
Victorian Government Education and Training promotion activities during SHWE 2010
• Victorian VET mission to China • Premier & Governor’s visit to China • Connections 2010 ‘SMART Classroom’ exhibition and promotions • Major luncheon
Australian Pavilion
Urban best practices area
Corporate pavilions
Zone E Zone D
Expo Museum
Australian Pavilion
Zone A National pavilions for European, American and African countries
Zone B
National pavilions for Asian countries (-ASEAN)
Zone C National Pavilions for ASEAN and Oceania countries, Pavilions for international organizations
Victorian Government Support
Transit Desks in Shanghai Access China Program
• Shanghai Speed 416.6Km/hour
• Thank You!
