jerusalem through the ages
timelines
timelinestim JERUSALEM THROUGH THE AGES DA’AT E D U C AT I O N A L E X P E D I T I O N S
It is our understanding that the journey
3000-2500 years ago
upon which you are about to embark
KING DAVID
actually began many, many years ago. Please find below two timelines of
2500-2000 years ago
Jewish history, one with general
THE PERSIANS, GREEKS AND MACCABEES
periodic titles alone and one divided into topics and sub topics.
2000-1700 years ago
In addition to actually experiencing the
THE ROMAN PERIOD
modern State of Israel, grasping the multiple layers of history associated with the People and the Land of Israel
1700-1400 years ago
THE BYZANTINE PERIOD
is an essential tool which helps us in comprehending and questioning all that is around us. The first timeline can be geared
1400-900 years ago
THE EARLY MUSLIM PERIOD
towards children in order to provide an overall understanding of the periods
900-800 years ago
that will be discussed while traveling
THE CRUSADER KINGDOM
through Israel, while the second will provide some depth, along with
800-90 years ago
breadth of history, for a more complete
THE MAMLUKS AND OTTOMANS
historical perspective.
90-60 years ago
THE BRITISH MANDATE PERIOD
60 years ago through today
THE STATE OF ISRAEL
ISRAEL THROUGH THE AGES c1950 BC/BCE
The Binding of Isaac on Mount Moriah…4000 years ago
KING DAVID’S MONARCHY - 3000 years ago… 1000-940 The reigns of King David and King Solomon 940 King Solomon’s Temple 940 Division of the Kingdom into Israel and Judah 586 Destruction of Jerusalem and Temple and the Exile of the Jews to Babylon THE PERSIAN PERIOD: 537-332 BCE 538 Edict of Cyrus allowing Jews to return to Jerusalem 515 Completion and dedication of the Second Temple THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD: 332-167 BCE 332 Alexander the Great captures Jerusalem 169 Seleucid King Antiochus I outlaws Judaism THE HASMONEAN PERIOD: 167-63 BCE 167 Beginning of the Hasmonean rebellion against the Greeks 164 Judah Maccabee recaptures Jerusalem, restores and re-dedicates the Temple – Hanukka Story THE ROMAN PERIOD: 63 BCE-324 CE 63 General Pompey captures Jerusalem for Rome 37 King Herod the Great captures Jerusalem 63 Renovations of Second Temple completed EARLY RABBINIC PERIOD: 66-200 CE 66-73 The Great Revolt against the Romans 70 Fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Second Temple 73 Fall of Masada 200 Mishnah codified by Rabbi Judah the Prince (Judah HaNasi) THE BYZANTINE PERIOD: 324 - 638 CE 315 Queen Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine the Great, visits Jerusalem 325 Rome makes Christianity its official religion 400 Jerusalem Talmud codified in Tiberias 425 Sanhedrin outlawed and disbanded 500 Babylonian Talmud codified outside the Land of Israel 614 Persians conquest Jerusalem, destroy most churches and expel Jews THE EARLY MUSLIM PERIOD: 638 - 1099 622 Mohammed embarks on the Hijrah, his great escape from Mecca to Medina 638 Middle East conquered by Islam; Caliph Omar enters Jerusalem and Jews are allowed to return to Jerusalem 691 Dome of the Rock completed by Caliph Abd al-Malik 711 Completion of the al-Aqsa mosque
THE CRUSADER KINGDOM: 1099 - 1291 1095 Pope Urban II announces the start of the Crusades at the Council of Clermont 1099 Crusaders led by Godfrey de Bouillon capture Jerusalem 1135 Maimonides born in Cordoba, Spain 1187 Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders and permits Muslims and Jews to return and settle in the city 1191 Second Crusader Kingdom established in Akko by Richard the Lionheart THE MAMLUK PERIOD: 1291-1517 1291 The Mamluks of Egypt capture Jerusalem 1267 Rabbi Moshe Ben Nahman (Nahmanides) arrives from Spain and revives the Jewish community 1275 Marco Polo stops in Jerusalem on his way to China THE OTTOMAN TURKISH PERIOD: 1517-1917 1517 The Ottomans peacefully take over Jerusalem 1537-1541 Sultan Suleiman (“The Magnificent”) rebuilds the city walls 1860 First Jewish neighbourhood built outside the Old City walls THE BRITISH MANDATE PERIOD: 917-1948 1917 British conquest of Palestine and entry of General Allenby into Jerusalem. 1947 United Nations Resolution recommending the partition of Palestine THE STATE OF ISRAEL: 1948 14 May 1948 British Mandate ends, State of Israel is proclaimed and the War of Independence begins April 1949 Israel-Trans-Jordan Armistice Agreement is signed, dividing Jerusalem between the two countries June 1967 Israeli troops capture Jerusalem’s Old City along with Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) from Jordan, the Golan Heights from Syria and the Sinai from Egypt October 1973 Yom Kippur War with Syria and Egypt March 1978 Peace Treaty with Egypt is signed June 1982 First Lebanon War 1984 Operation Moses airlifts in Ethiopian Jews December 1987 First Intifada 1990 Immigration from FSU begins in waves 1991 Gulf War Operation Solomon airlifts in additional Ethiopian Jews 1993 Mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO, signed in Jerusalem 1994 Peace Treaty signed with Jordan 2000 Second Intifada, withdrawal from Lebanon 2005 Disengagement from Gaza 2006 Second Lebanon War 2009 Operation Cast Lead 2011 Social protests redirect government budget priorities Gil’ad Shalit released and returned to family in Israel 2012 Israel brings home the gold at the Para-olympics in London after failing to do so at the earlier Olympic games ...... to be continued
timelinestim JERUSALEM THROUGH THE AGES DA’AT E D U C AT I O N A L E X P E D I T I O N S
It is our understanding that the journey
3000-2500 years ago
upon which you are about to embark
KING DAVID
actually began many, many years ago. Please find below two timelines of
2500-2000 years ago
Jewish history, one with general
THE PERSIANS, GREEKS AND MACCABEES
periodic titles alone and one divided into topics and sub topics.
2000-1700 years ago
In addition to actually experiencing the
THE ROMAN PERIOD
modern State of Israel, grasping the multiple layers of history associated with the People and the Land of Israel
1700-1400 years ago
THE BYZANTINE PERIOD
is an essential tool which helps us in comprehending and questioning all that is around us. The first timeline can be geared
1400-900 years ago
THE EARLY MUSLIM PERIOD
towards children in order to provide an overall understanding of the periods
900-800 years ago
that will be discussed while traveling
THE CRUSADER KINGDOM
through Israel, while the second will provide some depth, along with
800-90 years ago
breadth of history, for a more complete
THE MAMLUKS AND OTTOMANS
historical perspective.
90-60 years ago
THE BRITISH MANDATE PERIOD
60 years ago through today
THE STATE OF ISRAEL
ISRAEL THROUGH THE AGES c1950 BC/BCE
The Binding of Isaac on Mount Moriah…4000 years ago
KING DAVID’S MONARCHY - 3000 years ago… 1000-940 The reigns of King David and King Solomon 940 King Solomon’s Temple 940 Division of the Kingdom into Israel and Judah 586 Destruction of Jerusalem and Temple and the Exile of the Jews to Babylon THE PERSIAN PERIOD: 537-332 BCE 538 Edict of Cyrus allowing Jews to return to Jerusalem 515 Completion and dedication of the Second Temple THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD: 332-167 BCE 332 Alexander the Great captures Jerusalem 169 Seleucid King Antiochus I outlaws Judaism THE HASMONEAN PERIOD: 167-63 BCE 167 Beginning of the Hasmonean rebellion against the Greeks 164 Judah Maccabee recaptures Jerusalem, restores and re-dedicates the Temple – Hanukka Story THE ROMAN PERIOD: 63 BCE-324 CE 63 General Pompey captures Jerusalem for Rome 37 King Herod the Great captures Jerusalem 63 Renovations of Second Temple completed EARLY RABBINIC PERIOD: 66-200 CE 66-73 The Great Revolt against the Romans 70 Fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Second Temple 73 Fall of Masada 200 Mishnah codified by Rabbi Judah the Prince (Judah HaNasi) THE BYZANTINE PERIOD: 324 - 638 CE 315 Queen Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine the Great, visits Jerusalem 325 Rome makes Christianity its official religion 400 Jerusalem Talmud codified in Tiberias 425 Sanhedrin outlawed and disbanded 500 Babylonian Talmud codified outside the Land of Israel 614 Persians conquest Jerusalem, destroy most churches and expel Jews THE EARLY MUSLIM PERIOD: 638 - 1099 622 Mohammed embarks on the Hijrah, his great escape from Mecca to Medina 638 Middle East conquered by Islam; Caliph Omar enters Jerusalem and Jews are allowed to return to Jerusalem 691 Dome of the Rock completed by Caliph Abd al-Malik 711 Completion of the al-Aqsa mosque
THE CRUSADER KINGDOM: 1099 - 1291 1095 Pope Urban II announces the start of the Crusades at the Council of Clermont 1099 Crusaders led by Godfrey de Bouillon capture Jerusalem 1135 Maimonides born in Cordoba, Spain 1187 Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders and permits Muslims and Jews to return and settle in the city 1191 Second Crusader Kingdom established in Akko by Richard the Lionheart THE MAMLUK PERIOD: 1291-1517 1291 The Mamluks of Egypt capture Jerusalem 1267 Rabbi Moshe Ben Nahman (Nahmanides) arrives from Spain and revives the Jewish community 1275 Marco Polo stops in Jerusalem on his way to China THE OTTOMAN TURKISH PERIOD: 1517-1917 1517 The Ottomans peacefully take over Jerusalem 1537-1541 Sultan Suleiman (“The Magnificent”) rebuilds the city walls 1860 First Jewish neighbourhood built outside the Old City walls THE BRITISH MANDATE PERIOD: 917-1948 1917 British conquest of Palestine and entry of General Allenby into Jerusalem. 1947 United Nations Resolution recommending the partition of Palestine THE STATE OF ISRAEL: 1948 14 May 1948 British Mandate ends, State of Israel is proclaimed and the War of Independence begins April 1949 Israel-Trans-Jordan Armistice Agreement is signed, dividing Jerusalem between the two countries June 1967 Israeli troops capture Jerusalem’s Old City along with Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) from Jordan, the Golan Heights from Syria and the Sinai from Egypt October 1973 Yom Kippur War with Syria and Egypt March 1978 Peace Treaty with Egypt is signed June 1982 First Lebanon War 1984 Operation Moses airlifts in Ethiopian Jews December 1987 First Intifada 1990 Immigration from FSU begins in waves 1991 Gulf War Operation Solomon airlifts in additional Ethiopian Jews 1993 Mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO, signed in Jerusalem 1994 Peace Treaty signed with Jordan 2000 Second Intifada, withdrawal from Lebanon 2005 Disengagement from Gaza 2006 Second Lebanon War 2009 Operation Cast Lead 2011 Social protests redirect government budget priorities Gil’ad Shalit released and returned to family in Israel 2012 Israel brings home the gold at the Para-olympics in London after failing to do so at the earlier Olympic games ...... to be continued
