lecture: cellular respiration stage 1 - glycolysis - AWS
LECTURE: CELLULAR RESPIRATION STAGE 1 - GLYCOLYSIS KIRSTIN BROWN
Lecture: GLYCOLYSIS Outline: 1. Glycolysis o Overview o Investment phase o Payoff phase
o Overall equation o Regulation
Overview Cellular Respiration – Stage 1
Overview Cellular Respiration o The step-by-step breakdown (oxidation) of
glucose (stages 1 – 3)
o Potential energy is transferred to ATP and
electron carriers (eg. NADH) o Electron carriers are used in stage 4 to make ATP STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle o Stage 4: Electron transport chain
STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis (cytosol) o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing (matrix) o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle (matrix) o Stage 4: Electron transport chain (inner
mitochondrial membrane)
glucose Cytosol
Inner membrane STAGE 1
Matrix STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2
Mitochondria
Overview Stage 1: Glycolysis o Glycolysis is a step-by-step process that
breaks 1 glucose molecule into 2 molecules of pyruvate
o 2 phases: ➢ Investment phase ➢ Payoff phase
1 glucose
ATP NADH Glycolysis
2 pyruvate
Investment Phase Requires input of energy o Glucose is converted to fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate
➢ 3 enzymatic steps ➢ requires input of 2 ATP 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
DHAP
Total energy so far: -2 ATP
G3P
Payoff Phase Produces Energy o 2x G3P molecules are converted to 2x Pyruvate ➢ 5 enzymatic steps ➢ produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase
Pyruvate
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH -2 ATP
Overall equation 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Reduced Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H2O Oxidized
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Regulation Phosphofructokinase Fructose-6-bisphosphate
1 glucose ATP
ATP
Phosphofruktokinase (PFK)
ATP
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate G3P
Pyruvate
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Regulation Phosphofructokinase o Allosterically regulated o Activated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate o Inhibited by ATP and citrate
Fructose-6-bisphosphate
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ADP
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
ATP
ATP Citrate Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Summary 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
STAGE 1
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Pyruvate
STAGE 2
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Summary o Stage 1: Glycolysis
o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle o Stage 4: Electron transport chain
STAGE 4
glucose
STAGE 1
ATP NADH
2x pyruvate
STAGE 2
NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
ATP
Lecture: GLYCOLYSIS Outline: 1. Glycolysis o Overview o Investment phase o Payoff phase
o Overall equation o Regulation
Overview Cellular Respiration – Stage 1
Overview Cellular Respiration o The step-by-step breakdown (oxidation) of
glucose (stages 1 – 3)
o Potential energy is transferred to ATP and
electron carriers (eg. NADH) o Electron carriers are used in stage 4 to make ATP STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle o Stage 4: Electron transport chain
STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis (cytosol) o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing (matrix) o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle (matrix) o Stage 4: Electron transport chain (inner
mitochondrial membrane)
glucose Cytosol
Inner membrane STAGE 1
Matrix STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2
Mitochondria
Overview Stage 1: Glycolysis o Glycolysis is a step-by-step process that
breaks 1 glucose molecule into 2 molecules of pyruvate
o 2 phases: ➢ Investment phase ➢ Payoff phase
1 glucose
ATP NADH Glycolysis
2 pyruvate
Investment Phase Requires input of energy o Glucose is converted to fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate
➢ 3 enzymatic steps ➢ requires input of 2 ATP 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
DHAP
Total energy so far: -2 ATP
G3P
Payoff Phase Produces Energy o 2x G3P molecules are converted to 2x Pyruvate ➢ 5 enzymatic steps ➢ produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase
Pyruvate
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH -2 ATP
Overall equation 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Reduced Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H2O Oxidized
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Regulation Phosphofructokinase Fructose-6-bisphosphate
1 glucose ATP
ATP
Phosphofruktokinase (PFK)
ATP
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate G3P
Pyruvate
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Regulation Phosphofructokinase o Allosterically regulated o Activated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate o Inhibited by ATP and citrate
Fructose-6-bisphosphate
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ADP
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
ATP
ATP Citrate Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Summary 1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
STAGE 1
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Pyruvate
STAGE 2
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
Summary o Stage 1: Glycolysis
o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle o Stage 4: Electron transport chain
STAGE 4
glucose
STAGE 1
ATP NADH
2x pyruvate
STAGE 2
NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
Total energy so far: +2 ATP, 2 NADH
ATP
