LIGHTING ESSENTIALS: Light and Color
LIGHTING ESSENTIALS: Light and Color Patricia DiMaggio, LC, LEED AP Commercial Engineer – NYC
NATURE OF LIGHT
What is Light?
Light is radiant energy that enables us to see Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 2
NATURE OF LIGHT
Light is the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Ultra Violet (UV)
Infra Red (IR)
Sunburn
Heat
Fades materials Kills germs
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 3
Human Eye Response
VISION: The Human Eye Cones Photopic Vision Color Vision High Light Levels High Acuity Sensitive to Brightness Central Vision
LENS IRIS CORNEA
FOVEA
Cones
RETINA
Rods Scotopic Vision Black & White Vision Low Light Levels Low Acuity Sensitive to Motion Peripheral vision Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 4
Rods PUPIL OPTIC NERVE
VISION: The Human Eye
Scotopic, Mesopic, and Photopic
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 5
VISION: Human Response
Contrast
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 6
Luminance or Brightness
Color
VISION: Visibility Factors
Accommodation – Focusing from one distance to another
Source: http://www.hueinasu.com/power-action-day
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 7
VISION: Visibility Factors
Adaptation – Light Adaptation: Dark to Light – Dark Adaptation: Light to Dark
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 8
VISION: Visibility Factors
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 9
VISION: Visibility Factors
Age – A 60 year old needs 3 times more light than a 20 year old.
Source: www.esquire.com
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 10
Source: www.gettyimages.com
VISION: Visibility Factors
Luminance (Brightness)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 11
VISION: Visibility Factors
Contrast Visibility may be reduced with lower reflectance of the background. Tasks of high contrast generally require less light.
Visibility may be reduced with lower reflectance of the background. Tasks of high contrast generally require less light.
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 12
VISION: Visibility Factors Direct Glare
Reflected Glare
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 13
Shadows
LIGHT CONTROL: The Interaction of Light and Surfaces
•Absorption •Reflection •Transmission •Refraction Source: Ellisson & Nelson www.universityphotoblog.com
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 14
COLOR: Color Spectrum: White light separated into colors by a prism
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 15
COLOR: Primary Colors Pigment (Subtractive) •Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (CMY) •Object’s Surfaces •Lenses and Filters
Light (Additive) •Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) •Light sources
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 16
COLOR: Primary Colors - Pigment Pigment – Subtractive Cyan, Magenta, Yellow = Black
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 17
COLOR: Primary Colors - Light - RGB Light – Additive Red, Green, and Blue = White RGB Color Mixing
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 18
COLOR PERCEPTION: Reflection Object’s Surface
In order to see the color of an object, the light source must emit that color.
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 19
COLOR PERCEPTION:
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 20
COLOR PERCEPTION:
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 21
COLOR: Spectral Power Distribution (SPD)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 22
COLOR: Spectral Power Distribution Continuous Spectrum Light Sources
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 23
Non-Continuous Spectrum Light Sources
COLOR: Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 24
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 25
OCTRON® 741
OCTRON® 841/XP
COLOR: Non-Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution (SPD)
COLOR: Non-Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution (SPD)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 26
COLOR: Non-Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution (SPD)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 27
COLOR: CCT and CRI
CCT
CRI
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 28
LIGHTING LANGUAGE: Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 29
29
COLOR: Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) CCT is a measure of warmth or coolness of the color of an artificial light source. It is expressed in Kelvin.
~ 1800K
LUMALUX/ PLUS ECO
OCTRON 830
~ 3500K
OCTRON 841
~ 6500K
OCTRON 866
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000
candle
incandescent
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 30
white LED
north light/blue sky
LIGHTING LANGUAGE: Color Rendering Index (CRI)
COLOR Color Rendering Index or _____ CRI is a measure of _____________________
color accuracy, expressed as a number on a scale from 0 to 100, with 0 being “poor” and 100 being “excellent”.
60 Poor
Fair
70 Good
80
90
100
Excellent
The higher the number, the more likely the light source will render object colors well.
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 31
31
COLOR: Color Rendering Index (CRI) Excellent (100)
Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a measure of color accuracy, expressed as a number on a scale up to 100, with 0 being “poor” and 100 being “excellent”. The higher the number, the more likely the light source will render object colors well.
Good(80-90)
Poor(
NATURE OF LIGHT
What is Light?
Light is radiant energy that enables us to see Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 2
NATURE OF LIGHT
Light is the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Ultra Violet (UV)
Infra Red (IR)
Sunburn
Heat
Fades materials Kills germs
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 3
Human Eye Response
VISION: The Human Eye Cones Photopic Vision Color Vision High Light Levels High Acuity Sensitive to Brightness Central Vision
LENS IRIS CORNEA
FOVEA
Cones
RETINA
Rods Scotopic Vision Black & White Vision Low Light Levels Low Acuity Sensitive to Motion Peripheral vision Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 4
Rods PUPIL OPTIC NERVE
VISION: The Human Eye
Scotopic, Mesopic, and Photopic
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 5
VISION: Human Response
Contrast
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 6
Luminance or Brightness
Color
VISION: Visibility Factors
Accommodation – Focusing from one distance to another
Source: http://www.hueinasu.com/power-action-day
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 7
VISION: Visibility Factors
Adaptation – Light Adaptation: Dark to Light – Dark Adaptation: Light to Dark
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 8
VISION: Visibility Factors
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 9
VISION: Visibility Factors
Age – A 60 year old needs 3 times more light than a 20 year old.
Source: www.esquire.com
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 10
Source: www.gettyimages.com
VISION: Visibility Factors
Luminance (Brightness)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 11
VISION: Visibility Factors
Contrast Visibility may be reduced with lower reflectance of the background. Tasks of high contrast generally require less light.
Visibility may be reduced with lower reflectance of the background. Tasks of high contrast generally require less light.
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 12
VISION: Visibility Factors Direct Glare
Reflected Glare
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 13
Shadows
LIGHT CONTROL: The Interaction of Light and Surfaces
•Absorption •Reflection •Transmission •Refraction Source: Ellisson & Nelson www.universityphotoblog.com
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 14
COLOR: Color Spectrum: White light separated into colors by a prism
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 15
COLOR: Primary Colors Pigment (Subtractive) •Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (CMY) •Object’s Surfaces •Lenses and Filters
Light (Additive) •Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) •Light sources
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 16
COLOR: Primary Colors - Pigment Pigment – Subtractive Cyan, Magenta, Yellow = Black
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 17
COLOR: Primary Colors - Light - RGB Light – Additive Red, Green, and Blue = White RGB Color Mixing
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 18
COLOR PERCEPTION: Reflection Object’s Surface
In order to see the color of an object, the light source must emit that color.
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 19
COLOR PERCEPTION:
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 20
COLOR PERCEPTION:
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 21
COLOR: Spectral Power Distribution (SPD)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 22
COLOR: Spectral Power Distribution Continuous Spectrum Light Sources
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 23
Non-Continuous Spectrum Light Sources
COLOR: Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 24
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 25
OCTRON® 741
OCTRON® 841/XP
COLOR: Non-Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution (SPD)
COLOR: Non-Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution (SPD)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 26
COLOR: Non-Continuous Spectrum Power Distribution (SPD)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 27
COLOR: CCT and CRI
CCT
CRI
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 28
LIGHTING LANGUAGE: Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 29
29
COLOR: Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) CCT is a measure of warmth or coolness of the color of an artificial light source. It is expressed in Kelvin.
~ 1800K
LUMALUX/ PLUS ECO
OCTRON 830
~ 3500K
OCTRON 841
~ 6500K
OCTRON 866
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000
candle
incandescent
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 30
white LED
north light/blue sky
LIGHTING LANGUAGE: Color Rendering Index (CRI)
COLOR Color Rendering Index or _____ CRI is a measure of _____________________
color accuracy, expressed as a number on a scale from 0 to 100, with 0 being “poor” and 100 being “excellent”.
60 Poor
Fair
70 Good
80
90
100
Excellent
The higher the number, the more likely the light source will render object colors well.
Lighting Essentials | January 2011 | Page 31
31
COLOR: Color Rendering Index (CRI) Excellent (100)
Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a measure of color accuracy, expressed as a number on a scale up to 100, with 0 being “poor” and 100 being “excellent”. The higher the number, the more likely the light source will render object colors well.
Good(80-90)
Poor(
