Living Shoreline Engineering Guidelines
Engineering Guidelines Training
NJ Living Shorelines Guidelines
Jon K. Miller Andrew Rella Amy Williams May 29, 2015
Objectives • Provide guidance to engineers and contractors on the engineering components of living shorelines design • Provide a common starting place to ensure consistency with GP 29 (N.J.A.C. 7:7-7.29) – “Living Shorelines GP” • Reduce the number of failures due to poor engineering/construction
Approach 1.
Identify factors relevant to living shoreline design •
Mix of traditional, traditional evaluated nontraditionally, and non-traditional
2.
Describe approaches for determining those parameters
3.
Provide example applications of those parameters to design •
Sills*, breakwaters*, joint planted revetment, reef balls*, living reef*
* It is assumed a marsh is planted behind the structures
Suggested Design Approach
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION Parameters
Quantitative Interpretation of Selection Criteria
SYSTEM PARAMETERS Erosion History Sea Level Tidal Rage
Erosion History • Define the problem • Desktop Analysis •
Compare historical maps
Sea Level Rise • Landscape features may drown in place •
Desktop Analysis
•
Alternatives analysis • USACE and NOAA Guidance
Tide Range • Determines amount of overtopping/transmission • Vegetation is extremely sensitive to its position with respect to the tide • Invertebrate growth is sensitive to position within the water column
HYDRODYNAMIC PARAMETERS
Wind Waves Wakes Currents Ice Storm Surge
Wind Waves • Along with wakes, typically the dominant cause of erosion • Both the maximum and the average wave may be of concern • Basis for most of the critical structural design parameters •
Fetch Analysis
•
SMB Analysis
Wakes • May represent a force as big or larger than wind waves • Can be difficult to discern from wind waves • Measured vs Modeled •
Desktop Analysis
•
Collect observational data
Currents • Can uproot vegetation • Transports ice and debris • Scour • Desktop Analysis •
NOAA, USGS, USACE, local climatologists
Ice • Known to be important, but data lacking
• Desktop Analysis •
Ice climatology (US Coast Guard obs)
•
Satellite Imagery (no info on thickness)
Storm Surge • Surge can be less important because water overtops the structure • Desktop Analysis •
FEMA flood maps
•
NOAA tides and currents extreme water level analyses
TERRESTRIAL PARAMETERS
Upland Slope Shoreline Slope Width Nearshore Slope Offshore Depth Soil Bearing
Upland Slope
• Measured from approximately spring high water to point at which upland levels off • Critical for vegetation • Milder slopes have less scarping •
Desktop Analysis • DEM’s, LIDAR
Shoreline Slope
• Shoreline or intertidal slope important for marsh/beach development • Defined from MLLW to Spring High Water Line •
Desktop Analysis • DEM’s, LIDAR, new USGS seamless topo/bathy • New USGS seamless topo/bathy
Nearshore Slope
• Influences nearshore waves and currents • Influence depth at structure • Stable platform required for structure •
Desktop Analysis • NOAA, Bathymetric charts/DEM’s
Offshore Depth
• Influences nearshore waves • Influences size of structure and amount of fill •
Desktop Analysis • NOAA, Bathymetric charts/DEM’s
•
Bathymetric Survey
Soil Bearing Capacity • Must be sufficient to resist settling • Desktop Analysis • Existing maps: topographic, geologic, groundwater, dredging records, etc
• Site visit (1) • Walking the site
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Water Quality Soil Type Sunlight Exposure
Water Quality • Impacts growing conditions for both flora and fauna • Primary parameters •
Dissolved Oxygen – produced by photosynthesis, consumed during respiration • Varies seasonally, daily tidally, with depth • NJ State Surface Water Quality Criteria
•
Desktop Analysis • USGS, EPA, NJDEP, Universities, NGO’s
•
Consult a biologist/ecologist
Soil Type • Soil conditions impact growth rate and root penetration • Desktop Analysis (1) •
GIS Maps, Existing soil records, Dredge spoil (dumping) records
Sunlight Exposure • Sunlight is required for photosynthesis which impact water quality
• Terrestrial vegetation also requires sunlight •
Desktop Analysis • Google earth, bing
Additional Considerations • End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations • End Effects
• A marsh requires a minimum amount of space
• Width/Space
• Beaches/marshes provide additional energy dissipation
• Constructability
• Most states prohibit fill below MHW
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
•
NJ allows fill to the 1977 tidelands map for restoration activities
Additional Considerations • End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations Phragmites australis
• End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations • End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations “Build and Maintain”
• End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Websites for Analysis •
Google Earth
•
Lidar (http://www.csc.noaa.gov/)
•
www.historicaerials.com
•
NOAA (http://estuarinebathymetry.noaa.gov/midatlantic.html)
•
US Army Corps guidance/procedure
•
USGS (http://nj.usgs.gov/infodata/waterquality.html)
•
EPA (http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_state.control?p_state=NJ&p_ cycle=2006)
•
NJDEP (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/wms/wqde/)
•
Universities (http://www.monmouth.edu/university/coastal-waterquality-real-time-monitoring-program-ver-2.aspx)
•
NGO’s (http://nynjbaykeeper.org/resources-programs/advocacylegal-campaigns/how-is-the-water/)
• •
http://www.corpsclimate.us/docs/EC_1165-2-212%20Final_10_Nov_2011.pdf
NOAA guidance •
http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/pdf/slr_workshop_report_nove mber_2011.pdf
•
NOAA (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/curr_pred.html)
•
USGS (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nj/nwis/rt)
•
US Army Corps of Engineers (http://cirp.usace.army.mil/)
•
Local climatologies (https://www.hrnerr.org/hudson-riversustainable-shorelines/shorelines-engineering/physical-forcesstatistics/)
•
DEM’s (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/)
33
NJ Living Shorelines Guidelines
Jon K. Miller Andrew Rella Amy Williams May 29, 2015
Objectives • Provide guidance to engineers and contractors on the engineering components of living shorelines design • Provide a common starting place to ensure consistency with GP 29 (N.J.A.C. 7:7-7.29) – “Living Shorelines GP” • Reduce the number of failures due to poor engineering/construction
Approach 1.
Identify factors relevant to living shoreline design •
Mix of traditional, traditional evaluated nontraditionally, and non-traditional
2.
Describe approaches for determining those parameters
3.
Provide example applications of those parameters to design •
Sills*, breakwaters*, joint planted revetment, reef balls*, living reef*
* It is assumed a marsh is planted behind the structures
Suggested Design Approach
ALTERNATIVE SELECTION Parameters
Quantitative Interpretation of Selection Criteria
SYSTEM PARAMETERS Erosion History Sea Level Tidal Rage
Erosion History • Define the problem • Desktop Analysis •
Compare historical maps
Sea Level Rise • Landscape features may drown in place •
Desktop Analysis
•
Alternatives analysis • USACE and NOAA Guidance
Tide Range • Determines amount of overtopping/transmission • Vegetation is extremely sensitive to its position with respect to the tide • Invertebrate growth is sensitive to position within the water column
HYDRODYNAMIC PARAMETERS
Wind Waves Wakes Currents Ice Storm Surge
Wind Waves • Along with wakes, typically the dominant cause of erosion • Both the maximum and the average wave may be of concern • Basis for most of the critical structural design parameters •
Fetch Analysis
•
SMB Analysis
Wakes • May represent a force as big or larger than wind waves • Can be difficult to discern from wind waves • Measured vs Modeled •
Desktop Analysis
•
Collect observational data
Currents • Can uproot vegetation • Transports ice and debris • Scour • Desktop Analysis •
NOAA, USGS, USACE, local climatologists
Ice • Known to be important, but data lacking
• Desktop Analysis •
Ice climatology (US Coast Guard obs)
•
Satellite Imagery (no info on thickness)
Storm Surge • Surge can be less important because water overtops the structure • Desktop Analysis •
FEMA flood maps
•
NOAA tides and currents extreme water level analyses
TERRESTRIAL PARAMETERS
Upland Slope Shoreline Slope Width Nearshore Slope Offshore Depth Soil Bearing
Upland Slope
• Measured from approximately spring high water to point at which upland levels off • Critical for vegetation • Milder slopes have less scarping •
Desktop Analysis • DEM’s, LIDAR
Shoreline Slope
• Shoreline or intertidal slope important for marsh/beach development • Defined from MLLW to Spring High Water Line •
Desktop Analysis • DEM’s, LIDAR, new USGS seamless topo/bathy • New USGS seamless topo/bathy
Nearshore Slope
• Influences nearshore waves and currents • Influence depth at structure • Stable platform required for structure •
Desktop Analysis • NOAA, Bathymetric charts/DEM’s
Offshore Depth
• Influences nearshore waves • Influences size of structure and amount of fill •
Desktop Analysis • NOAA, Bathymetric charts/DEM’s
•
Bathymetric Survey
Soil Bearing Capacity • Must be sufficient to resist settling • Desktop Analysis • Existing maps: topographic, geologic, groundwater, dredging records, etc
• Site visit (1) • Walking the site
ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Water Quality Soil Type Sunlight Exposure
Water Quality • Impacts growing conditions for both flora and fauna • Primary parameters •
Dissolved Oxygen – produced by photosynthesis, consumed during respiration • Varies seasonally, daily tidally, with depth • NJ State Surface Water Quality Criteria
•
Desktop Analysis • USGS, EPA, NJDEP, Universities, NGO’s
•
Consult a biologist/ecologist
Soil Type • Soil conditions impact growth rate and root penetration • Desktop Analysis (1) •
GIS Maps, Existing soil records, Dredge spoil (dumping) records
Sunlight Exposure • Sunlight is required for photosynthesis which impact water quality
• Terrestrial vegetation also requires sunlight •
Desktop Analysis • Google earth, bing
Additional Considerations • End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations • End Effects
• A marsh requires a minimum amount of space
• Width/Space
• Beaches/marshes provide additional energy dissipation
• Constructability
• Most states prohibit fill below MHW
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
•
NJ allows fill to the 1977 tidelands map for restoration activities
Additional Considerations • End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations Phragmites australis
• End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations • End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Additional Considerations “Build and Maintain”
• End Effects • Width/Space • Constructability
• Native/invasive • Debris Impact • Monitoring
Websites for Analysis •
Google Earth
•
Lidar (http://www.csc.noaa.gov/)
•
www.historicaerials.com
•
NOAA (http://estuarinebathymetry.noaa.gov/midatlantic.html)
•
US Army Corps guidance/procedure
•
USGS (http://nj.usgs.gov/infodata/waterquality.html)
•
EPA (http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_state.control?p_state=NJ&p_ cycle=2006)
•
NJDEP (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/wms/wqde/)
•
Universities (http://www.monmouth.edu/university/coastal-waterquality-real-time-monitoring-program-ver-2.aspx)
•
NGO’s (http://nynjbaykeeper.org/resources-programs/advocacylegal-campaigns/how-is-the-water/)
• •
http://www.corpsclimate.us/docs/EC_1165-2-212%20Final_10_Nov_2011.pdf
NOAA guidance •
http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/pdf/slr_workshop_report_nove mber_2011.pdf
•
NOAA (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/curr_pred.html)
•
USGS (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nj/nwis/rt)
•
US Army Corps of Engineers (http://cirp.usace.army.mil/)
•
Local climatologies (https://www.hrnerr.org/hudson-riversustainable-shorelines/shorelines-engineering/physical-forcesstatistics/)
•
DEM’s (http://www.state.nj.us/dep/gis/)
33
