manova AWS
12
SPSS ACTIVITY
MANOVA Assume that you have completed your degree in exercise science and opened your own fitness center. You want to specialize in strength training for young athletes. You want to base your programs on sound scientific principles, so you design a strength-training program that you believe will improve overall body strength. Before you advertise your “Body Works Strength Training” program, you decide to conduct a research study so that you can advertise that your program has scientific evidence suggesting its effectiveness. You identify 50 young athletes who desire strength training. You randomly assign them to one of two groups: (1) the strength-training group, in which the subjects complete your “Body Works” program three days per week for 12 weeks, or (2) a control group, in which the subjects continue with their current workout (with the understanding that they will be permitted to enroll in your program at a future date). You consider what measure(s) you might take to provide evidence of the program’s effectiveness. You want to choose measures that are easy to take, so that individuals can conduct self-tests periodically to see how they are progressing. You also want to use measures of core, upper-body, and lower-body strength. You decide to assess total-body strength with three measures: (1) timed 2-minute sit-ups; (2) maximum pull-ups; and (3) a vertical jump. From your measurement course, you recall that it is unwise simply to add the scores from these three tests, because they involve different units of measurement (i.e., the number of repetitions for sit-ups and pull-ups, and inches for the vertical jump). You also recall from your introduction to statistics in human performance course that you should conduct a MANOVA. Table 12.6 gives your results, with the control group coded 0 and the treatment group coded 1. Enter these data into SPSS, and answer the questions that follow. Note the data is entered in four columns on the Data View screen.
Procedures and Questions Q
1. Why did you decide to conduct a MANOVA? 2. What is your null hypothesis? 3. What is your alternative hypothesis?
Use SPSS to create a correlation matrix for the three dependent variables. Use Analyze→Correlate→Bivariate. Q
4. Describe the correlation results.
Data set.
GROUP
SIT-UPS
PULL-UPS
VERTICAL JUMP
GROUP
SIT-UPS
PULL-UPS
VERTICAL JUMP
0
42
2
19
1
50
3
23
0
53
3
13
1
74
8
33
0
50
5
28
1
47
7
27
0
46
5
19
1
47
4
28
0
38
6
21
1
60
5
21
0
32
6
17
1
56
5
29
0
45
7
21
1
65
6
34
0
35
7
12
1
51
6
28
0
35
8
27
1
60
6
29
0
42
8
23
1
42
6
32
0
36
0
27
1
56
7
26
0
42
0
20
1
51
7
29
0
51
0
21
1
61
0
24
0
37
4
19
1
45
5
27
0
64
10
15
1
56
8
27
0
50
3
23
1
43
0
20
0
48
2
15
1
46
9
37
0
45
6
25
1
57
1
28
0
43
9
21
1
44
4
36
0
55
5
20
1
72
1
27
0
38
7
28
1
62
1
20
0
49
8
25
1
42
2
24
0
64
10
21
1
43
2
22
0
58
7
26
1
56
2
23
0
45
5
24
1
46
4
25
TABLE
12.6
Use SPSS to conduct a MANOVA analysis. Click on Analyze→General Linear Model→Multivariate. n Move the three dependent variables into the proper window on the right. n Enter Group as a fixed factor (independent variable). n Click on Options and check the boxes for (1) Descriptive statistics and (2) Estimates of effect size. n Click Continue and OK.
Q
n
5. What are the dependent variable means and standard deviations by group? 6. Interpret the MANOVA results. 7. Present and interpret the univariate results. 8. How would you explain the pull-up results that you obtained? 9. What other independent variables might you add to the model if you conducted future research in this area?
SPSS ACTIVITY
MANOVA Assume that you have completed your degree in exercise science and opened your own fitness center. You want to specialize in strength training for young athletes. You want to base your programs on sound scientific principles, so you design a strength-training program that you believe will improve overall body strength. Before you advertise your “Body Works Strength Training” program, you decide to conduct a research study so that you can advertise that your program has scientific evidence suggesting its effectiveness. You identify 50 young athletes who desire strength training. You randomly assign them to one of two groups: (1) the strength-training group, in which the subjects complete your “Body Works” program three days per week for 12 weeks, or (2) a control group, in which the subjects continue with their current workout (with the understanding that they will be permitted to enroll in your program at a future date). You consider what measure(s) you might take to provide evidence of the program’s effectiveness. You want to choose measures that are easy to take, so that individuals can conduct self-tests periodically to see how they are progressing. You also want to use measures of core, upper-body, and lower-body strength. You decide to assess total-body strength with three measures: (1) timed 2-minute sit-ups; (2) maximum pull-ups; and (3) a vertical jump. From your measurement course, you recall that it is unwise simply to add the scores from these three tests, because they involve different units of measurement (i.e., the number of repetitions for sit-ups and pull-ups, and inches for the vertical jump). You also recall from your introduction to statistics in human performance course that you should conduct a MANOVA. Table 12.6 gives your results, with the control group coded 0 and the treatment group coded 1. Enter these data into SPSS, and answer the questions that follow. Note the data is entered in four columns on the Data View screen.
Procedures and Questions Q
1. Why did you decide to conduct a MANOVA? 2. What is your null hypothesis? 3. What is your alternative hypothesis?
Use SPSS to create a correlation matrix for the three dependent variables. Use Analyze→Correlate→Bivariate. Q
4. Describe the correlation results.
Data set.
GROUP
SIT-UPS
PULL-UPS
VERTICAL JUMP
GROUP
SIT-UPS
PULL-UPS
VERTICAL JUMP
0
42
2
19
1
50
3
23
0
53
3
13
1
74
8
33
0
50
5
28
1
47
7
27
0
46
5
19
1
47
4
28
0
38
6
21
1
60
5
21
0
32
6
17
1
56
5
29
0
45
7
21
1
65
6
34
0
35
7
12
1
51
6
28
0
35
8
27
1
60
6
29
0
42
8
23
1
42
6
32
0
36
0
27
1
56
7
26
0
42
0
20
1
51
7
29
0
51
0
21
1
61
0
24
0
37
4
19
1
45
5
27
0
64
10
15
1
56
8
27
0
50
3
23
1
43
0
20
0
48
2
15
1
46
9
37
0
45
6
25
1
57
1
28
0
43
9
21
1
44
4
36
0
55
5
20
1
72
1
27
0
38
7
28
1
62
1
20
0
49
8
25
1
42
2
24
0
64
10
21
1
43
2
22
0
58
7
26
1
56
2
23
0
45
5
24
1
46
4
25
TABLE
12.6
Use SPSS to conduct a MANOVA analysis. Click on Analyze→General Linear Model→Multivariate. n Move the three dependent variables into the proper window on the right. n Enter Group as a fixed factor (independent variable). n Click on Options and check the boxes for (1) Descriptive statistics and (2) Estimates of effect size. n Click Continue and OK.
Q
n
5. What are the dependent variable means and standard deviations by group? 6. Interpret the MANOVA results. 7. Present and interpret the univariate results. 8. How would you explain the pull-up results that you obtained? 9. What other independent variables might you add to the model if you conducted future research in this area?
