Mini Almanac
Contents Mini Almanac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .983 Primary Sources Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .988 Honoring America: Flag Etiquette, The Star-Spangled Banner, The Pledge of Allegiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1003 Spanish Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1013 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024 Acknowledgements and Photo Credits . . . . . . .1056
A
n almanac is a book or table that contains a variety of statistical, tabular, or general information. The most common almanacs in history have been those that kept astronomical data or that gave weather predictions and related advice to farmers. In agricultural societies it was important to keep accounts of natural phenomena so that farmers would have an idea of when to plant and harvest their crops. Ancient Egyptians carved their almanacs on sticks of wood and called them “fingers of the sun.” The first printed almanac was prepared in Europe in 1457. The Old Farmer’s Almanac has been published continuously since 1792. Because almanacs are compact and concise, they are a popular way of presenting a wide variety of information.
Mini Almanac
983
Mini Almanac
World orld Population, Population, A.D. 1–200 1 001
5
2001 6.18 billion 1999 6 billion
4
1974 4 billion
Population (in billions)
6
3 1927 2 billion
1804 1 billion
2 1 200 million
1
1650 500 million
0 1
A.D.
500
1000
1500
Year
2000
Population P opulation by Continent, 2200 001
Source: United Nations Population Division, 2001.
3,775,000,000
Asia Africa
836,000,000
Europe
731,000,000
North America
477,000,000
South America
339,000,000 31,000,000
Australia/Oceania Sources: World Atlas and World Gazeteer. Note: Populations are estimates.
Infant Mortalit Mortality
Life Expectanc Expectancy Country
Years
Most Populous Populous Countries
Andorra
83.47
Japan
80.80
India
70
France
78.90
South Africa
54
Israel
78.71
Egypt
41
China
1,273,111,290
New Zealand
77.99
Brazil
34
India
1,029,991,145
United Kingdom
77.82
China
33
United States
278,058,881
United States
77.26
Russia
18
Indonesia
228,437,870
Chile
75.94
Chile
11
Brazil
174,468,575
China
71.62
United States
7
Russia
145,470,197
Russia
67.34
Canada
6
Pakistan
144,616,639
Egypt
63.69
United Kingdom
6
Bangladesh
131,269,860
Brazil
63.24
France
5
Japan
126,771,662
India
62.86
Germany
5
Nigeria
126,635,626
South Africa
48.09
South Korea
5
Mozambique
36.45
Japan
4
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001.
984
Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births
Mini Almanac
Country
Source: United Nations, UNICEF, 2001.
Country
Population
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001.
World’s Poorest Countries
Country
Gross National Product, per Capita (in U.S. dollars)
Luxembourg
45,360
Mozambique
80
Switzerland
44,355
Congo, DNC
100
Japan
41,010
Eritrea
100
Liechtenstein
40,000
Ethiopia
100
Norway
34,515
Somalia
100
Source: World Development Indicators 2000, World Bank.
Country
Rate of Inflation (percent)
Gross National Product, per Capita (in U.S. dollars)
Source: World Development Indicators 2000, World Bank.
Lowest Inflation Rates
Highest Inflation Rates Country
Mini Almanac
World’s Richest Countries
Country
Rate of Inflation (percent)
Congo, DNC
540
Argentina
–0.9
Angola
325
Oman
–0.8
Belarus
200
Japan
–0.7
Iraq
100
Vietnam
–0.6
Somalia
100
Fiji
0.0
Ecuador
96
Lebanon
0.0
Suriname
78
Israel
0.1
Zimbabwe
60
Cuba
0.3
Cyprus (Turkish)
58
China
0.4
Romania
46
Saudi Arabia
0.5
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Estimates are for 1999 and 2000.
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Estimates are for 1999 and 2000.
World’s Ten Largest Companies, 2000 Rank
Company
Revenue (in millions of U.S. dollars)
1.
ExxonMobil (United States)
210,392.0
2.
Wal-Mart Stores (United States)
193,295.0
3.
General Motors (United States)
184,632.0
4.
Ford Motor (United States)
180,598.0
5.
DaimlerChrysler (Germany)
150,069.7
6.
Royal Dutch/Shell Group (Netherlands)
149,146.0
7.
BP (United Kingdom)
148,062.0
8.
General Electric (United States)
129,853.0
9.
Mitsubishi (Japan)
126,579.4
Toyota Motor (Japan)
121,416.2
10. Source: Fortune 500, 2001.
Mini Almanac
985
Mini Almanac
Most Livable Countries Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Country Norway Australia Canada Sweden Belgium United States Iceland Netherlands Japan
Rank 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Country Finland Switzerland Luxembourg France United Kingdom Denmark Austria Germany Ireland
Rank 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Country New Zealand Italy Spain Israel Greece Cyprus Singapore
Source: United Nations Human Development Index, 2001. Note: The criteria include life expectancy, adult literacy, school enrollment, educational attainment, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP).
Highest Adult Literacy Rates
Lowest Adult Literacy Rates
Country
Rate of Literacy (percent)
Country
Rate of Literacy (percent)
Andorra Australia Denmark Estonia Finland Latvia Liechtenstein Luxembourg Norway Czech Republic
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99.9
Burkina Faso Eritrea Sierra Leone Benin Guinea Somalia Gambia Sudan Ethiopia Niger
18 20 21 23 24 24 27 27 28 28
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Literacy is defined by each country.
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Literacy is defined by each country.
World Adult Illiteracy by Gender Population (in millions)
800 600 400 200 0 Men Source: United Nations, 2001.
986
Mini Almanac
Women
Years, by Country, in Which Women Gained the Right to Vote Year
Country
Year
Country
1893 1902 1913 1918 1918 1919 1920 1930 1934 1944
New Zealand Australia Norway United Kingdom Canada Germany United States South Africa Brazil France
1945 1945 1947 1947 1950 1952 1956 1963 1971 1980
Italy Japan Argentina Mexico India Greece Egypt Kenya Switzerland Iraq
Highest Military Expenditures Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 3.2 1.0 2.5 2.7 1.5 1.7 13.0 1.9 2.5 1.2
Source: The World Factbook, 2001.
Country
Mini Almanac
United States Japan France United Kingdom Germany Italy Saudi Arabia Brazil India China
Billions of U.S. Dollars per Year 276.7 43.0 39.8 36.9 32.8 20.7 18.3 13.4 13.0 12.6
Nuclear Weapons Capability Date of First Test
United States
1945
Russia (Soviet Union)
1949
United Kingdom
1952
France
1960
China
1964
India
1998
Pakistan
1998
Sources: U.S. Department of State and Time magazine.
Communication around the World Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 persons
Radios per 1,000 persons
Televisions per 1,000 persons
Telephone main lines per 1,000 persons
Cellular phone subscribers per 1,000 persons
Estimated personal computers per 1,000 persons
Canada
158
1,067
710
677
285
39
China
n/a
335
321
111
66
2
Cuba
118
352
239
44
1
1
France
218
946
595
580
494
30
Germany
311
948
567
601
586
34
Italy
104
880
528
474
737
21
Japan
578
956
686
653
526
32
Mexico
97
329
272
125
142
5
Russia
105
417
410
218
22
4
34
355
134
114
12
6
United Kingdom
331
1,443
521
557
670
34
United States
212
2,116
806
700
365
59
South Africa
Sources: United Nations and International Telecommunications Union, 2001.
Mini Almanac
987
A
n almanac is a book or table that contains a variety of statistical, tabular, or general information. The most common almanacs in history have been those that kept astronomical data or that gave weather predictions and related advice to farmers. In agricultural societies it was important to keep accounts of natural phenomena so that farmers would have an idea of when to plant and harvest their crops. Ancient Egyptians carved their almanacs on sticks of wood and called them “fingers of the sun.” The first printed almanac was prepared in Europe in 1457. The Old Farmer’s Almanac has been published continuously since 1792. Because almanacs are compact and concise, they are a popular way of presenting a wide variety of information.
Mini Almanac
983
Mini Almanac
World orld Population, Population, A.D. 1–200 1 001
5
2001 6.18 billion 1999 6 billion
4
1974 4 billion
Population (in billions)
6
3 1927 2 billion
1804 1 billion
2 1 200 million
1
1650 500 million
0 1
A.D.
500
1000
1500
Year
2000
Population P opulation by Continent, 2200 001
Source: United Nations Population Division, 2001.
3,775,000,000
Asia Africa
836,000,000
Europe
731,000,000
North America
477,000,000
South America
339,000,000 31,000,000
Australia/Oceania Sources: World Atlas and World Gazeteer. Note: Populations are estimates.
Infant Mortalit Mortality
Life Expectanc Expectancy Country
Years
Most Populous Populous Countries
Andorra
83.47
Japan
80.80
India
70
France
78.90
South Africa
54
Israel
78.71
Egypt
41
China
1,273,111,290
New Zealand
77.99
Brazil
34
India
1,029,991,145
United Kingdom
77.82
China
33
United States
278,058,881
United States
77.26
Russia
18
Indonesia
228,437,870
Chile
75.94
Chile
11
Brazil
174,468,575
China
71.62
United States
7
Russia
145,470,197
Russia
67.34
Canada
6
Pakistan
144,616,639
Egypt
63.69
United Kingdom
6
Bangladesh
131,269,860
Brazil
63.24
France
5
Japan
126,771,662
India
62.86
Germany
5
Nigeria
126,635,626
South Africa
48.09
South Korea
5
Mozambique
36.45
Japan
4
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001.
984
Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births
Mini Almanac
Country
Source: United Nations, UNICEF, 2001.
Country
Population
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2001.
World’s Poorest Countries
Country
Gross National Product, per Capita (in U.S. dollars)
Luxembourg
45,360
Mozambique
80
Switzerland
44,355
Congo, DNC
100
Japan
41,010
Eritrea
100
Liechtenstein
40,000
Ethiopia
100
Norway
34,515
Somalia
100
Source: World Development Indicators 2000, World Bank.
Country
Rate of Inflation (percent)
Gross National Product, per Capita (in U.S. dollars)
Source: World Development Indicators 2000, World Bank.
Lowest Inflation Rates
Highest Inflation Rates Country
Mini Almanac
World’s Richest Countries
Country
Rate of Inflation (percent)
Congo, DNC
540
Argentina
–0.9
Angola
325
Oman
–0.8
Belarus
200
Japan
–0.7
Iraq
100
Vietnam
–0.6
Somalia
100
Fiji
0.0
Ecuador
96
Lebanon
0.0
Suriname
78
Israel
0.1
Zimbabwe
60
Cuba
0.3
Cyprus (Turkish)
58
China
0.4
Romania
46
Saudi Arabia
0.5
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Estimates are for 1999 and 2000.
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Estimates are for 1999 and 2000.
World’s Ten Largest Companies, 2000 Rank
Company
Revenue (in millions of U.S. dollars)
1.
ExxonMobil (United States)
210,392.0
2.
Wal-Mart Stores (United States)
193,295.0
3.
General Motors (United States)
184,632.0
4.
Ford Motor (United States)
180,598.0
5.
DaimlerChrysler (Germany)
150,069.7
6.
Royal Dutch/Shell Group (Netherlands)
149,146.0
7.
BP (United Kingdom)
148,062.0
8.
General Electric (United States)
129,853.0
9.
Mitsubishi (Japan)
126,579.4
Toyota Motor (Japan)
121,416.2
10. Source: Fortune 500, 2001.
Mini Almanac
985
Mini Almanac
Most Livable Countries Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Country Norway Australia Canada Sweden Belgium United States Iceland Netherlands Japan
Rank 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Country Finland Switzerland Luxembourg France United Kingdom Denmark Austria Germany Ireland
Rank 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Country New Zealand Italy Spain Israel Greece Cyprus Singapore
Source: United Nations Human Development Index, 2001. Note: The criteria include life expectancy, adult literacy, school enrollment, educational attainment, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP).
Highest Adult Literacy Rates
Lowest Adult Literacy Rates
Country
Rate of Literacy (percent)
Country
Rate of Literacy (percent)
Andorra Australia Denmark Estonia Finland Latvia Liechtenstein Luxembourg Norway Czech Republic
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99.9
Burkina Faso Eritrea Sierra Leone Benin Guinea Somalia Gambia Sudan Ethiopia Niger
18 20 21 23 24 24 27 27 28 28
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Literacy is defined by each country.
Source: The World Factbook, 2001. Note: Literacy is defined by each country.
World Adult Illiteracy by Gender Population (in millions)
800 600 400 200 0 Men Source: United Nations, 2001.
986
Mini Almanac
Women
Years, by Country, in Which Women Gained the Right to Vote Year
Country
Year
Country
1893 1902 1913 1918 1918 1919 1920 1930 1934 1944
New Zealand Australia Norway United Kingdom Canada Germany United States South Africa Brazil France
1945 1945 1947 1947 1950 1952 1956 1963 1971 1980
Italy Japan Argentina Mexico India Greece Egypt Kenya Switzerland Iraq
Highest Military Expenditures Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 3.2 1.0 2.5 2.7 1.5 1.7 13.0 1.9 2.5 1.2
Source: The World Factbook, 2001.
Country
Mini Almanac
United States Japan France United Kingdom Germany Italy Saudi Arabia Brazil India China
Billions of U.S. Dollars per Year 276.7 43.0 39.8 36.9 32.8 20.7 18.3 13.4 13.0 12.6
Nuclear Weapons Capability Date of First Test
United States
1945
Russia (Soviet Union)
1949
United Kingdom
1952
France
1960
China
1964
India
1998
Pakistan
1998
Sources: U.S. Department of State and Time magazine.
Communication around the World Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 persons
Radios per 1,000 persons
Televisions per 1,000 persons
Telephone main lines per 1,000 persons
Cellular phone subscribers per 1,000 persons
Estimated personal computers per 1,000 persons
Canada
158
1,067
710
677
285
39
China
n/a
335
321
111
66
2
Cuba
118
352
239
44
1
1
France
218
946
595
580
494
30
Germany
311
948
567
601
586
34
Italy
104
880
528
474
737
21
Japan
578
956
686
653
526
32
Mexico
97
329
272
125
142
5
Russia
105
417
410
218
22
4
34
355
134
114
12
6
United Kingdom
331
1,443
521
557
670
34
United States
212
2,116
806
700
365
59
South Africa
Sources: United Nations and International Telecommunications Union, 2001.
Mini Almanac
987
