Planning and Executing a GIS - GPS Project
Planning and Executing a GIS – GPS Project
LARRY C. SHUBAT
THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, OHIO ESRI CONFERENCE JUNE 17, 2007
Bio BA Geology
UC Davis, CA Corps of Engineers Army ROTC Ohio State Univ MS Geodesy Defense Mapping Agency [NGA] Retired Army 1997 UA Surveying and Mapping Program
What is GIS? The letters GIS stand for: Geographic Information Systems
(Science)
A computer based system that inputs, manipulates, and outputs, geographic information.
What is a GIS? An Integration of Five Basic Components Software People Data
Procedures Hardware Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
Reality As Vector Data Real-world Entities Are Abstracted Into Three Basic Shapes
Points (Pest Locations)
Lines/Arcs/Routes (Roads)
Areas/Polygons/Regions (Land Use) Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
Getting Data into a GIS
Digital Data
Paper Maps 480585.5, 3769234 483194.1, 3768432 485285.8, 3768391 484327.3, 3768565 483874.7, 3769823
Coordinates
GIS Data
GPS Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
GIS Functions Capture
Analyze
Store
Display
Query
Output
Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
END PRODUCT
Visual Display MAP
Decision Making Process
Resource Inventories
Digital Database
GPS
What is GPS?
Global Positioning System
NAVSTAR: NAVigation System with Timing And Ranging Developed by U.S. Department of Defense
Accessible by Civil and Military A satellite-based system that features:
Accurate Navigation, Positioning and Timing
Worldwide Coverage
24 hour access
No fees to use GPS
Standalone Positioning: By 2011
Better resistance to interference 1-3 m
C/A Code on L1 C/A Code on L2 New Code on L5
Planning a GIS – GPS Project
Step One Define your project Modify as necessary Keep track of lessons learned
Step Two
Follow A Procedure
ESTABLISHING A GIS-GPS PROJECT: Project Planning Procedures
Manipulate Data Geocode Hyper-link
Create Database
Collect Data GPS Photos
Historical Research
FINAL MAP
Set-up Base Map Store all data in one location
Gather Available Data
Determine: Datum Projection Coordinate System
Historical Research
What’s in your back yard??
GPS collects point data
Follow basic outline like a Book Report
Outline Plan Intro Body Summary
Gather Available Data Identify Resources Library Digital Data References
Determine
Datum Horizontal Vertical
Projection for Map (3-D to 2-D) UTM State Plane
Coordinate System
Based on Datum (Lat, Long or Projection Plane)
Datums
Horizontal Datum
Earth Reference System (Geodetic Datum) NAD 27 NAD 83
86 Adjustment HARN for each state (Ohio – 1995) NAD 83 (NSPS 2007)
WGS 84
Get Lat / Long or X Y = Position
Vertical Datums
Elevation (Z) Ellipsoid Height (GPS gives) Orthometric Height (Height of Topography)
Vertical Reference Systems MSL = NGVD 1929 (Tidal Gauges) NAVD 1986 (Geoid 2003=Gravity Model of Earth)
GPS Coordinate System Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates +Z axis
Coordinates: XYZ Earth mass center
–Y axis (90°W)
+X axis
p4
Earth Reference System = Ellipsoid = Mathematical Earth Model = Horizontal Positions Ellipsoid (e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)
+Z axis (parallel to axis of rotation) +Y axis (90°E)
Point #1, Location
Equatorial plane
+Z1
h
1
–X1
Earth mass center
φ
1
–Y1
Coordinates: (–X1, –Y1,) (φ1, λ1, )
λ
+X axis (Prime meridian)
1
–Z axis
p4
Vertical Earth Reference System = Elevation = Geoid Ellipsoid (e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)
+Z axis (parallel to axis of rotation) +Y axis (90°E)
Point #1, Location
Equatorial plane
+Z1
h
1
–X1
Earth mass center
φ
1
–Y1
Coordinates: (Z1 to h1)
λ
+X axis (Prime meridian)
1
–Z axis
Geoid (“mean sea level” = 0)
Three Surfaces (X Y Elevation) Orthometric Height Earth surface
X Y Mean sea level
Ell ips oid
Ge oi d
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates Ellipsoid (e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)
+Z axis (parallel to axis of rotation) +Y axis (90°E)
Point #1, Arizona Coordinates: (–X1, –Y1, +Z1) (φ1, λ1, h1)
+Z1
h
1
–X axis (180°W)
–X1
+X axis (Prime meridian)
Earth mass center
φ
1
–Y1
Equatorial plane
λ
1
Geoid –Y axis (90°W)
–Z axis
(“mean sea level”)
p4
Most Complicated Part
Understand Datums, Coordinate Systems, and Projections
What Reference System is the Data in?
What is the software doing with the Data?
Keep all project data in same Reference System
Set Up Base Map
OrthoPhotos the best – see earth
Distortion Removed
Measure off photos
County Photos:
6 inch resolution 1 foot accuracy
Univ of Akron
Base Map
CAD
Scanned Map ( Georeference )
Anything as Background to give perspective
ESTABLISHING A GIS-GPS PROJECT: Project Planning Procedures
Manipulate Data Geocode Hyper-link
Create Database
Collect Data GPS Photos
Historical Research
FINAL MAP
Set-up Base Map Store all data in one location
Gather Available Data
Determine: Datum Projection Coordinate System
Collect Data
Best Part Create Own Data and Use It
Carefull
Best Learning Application Easy to make mistakes
Document Metadata
Create Database
Get data into form computer can use Can be frustrating at first Understand formats of data
How data is physically saved
Excel – Good Then Convert to dbase (X Y) Shapefile Best or Geodatabase Put everything in one Folder – database management - Where is the data??
GIS Skills
Hyperlinking – Neat (Pictures, Documents) Geocoding Address Geocoding Geographic Geocoding
Georeferencing Manipulate Data Problem Solve Lessons Learn
Procedure
Keep Track of Procedure
Easier Second Time Around!
Joy To Complete Project
In My Backyard
The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 1795 between a coalition of Native Indians and the United States. The Treaty of Greenville re-established the western boundary of
the United States.
Emergency Phone Coverage/Buffer
Other GIS/GPS Projects Dry Hydrants/County
The End Procedures Transportability (Data in one file) Lessons Learned
LARRY C. SHUBAT
THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, OHIO ESRI CONFERENCE JUNE 17, 2007
Bio BA Geology
UC Davis, CA Corps of Engineers Army ROTC Ohio State Univ MS Geodesy Defense Mapping Agency [NGA] Retired Army 1997 UA Surveying and Mapping Program
What is GIS? The letters GIS stand for: Geographic Information Systems
(Science)
A computer based system that inputs, manipulates, and outputs, geographic information.
What is a GIS? An Integration of Five Basic Components Software People Data
Procedures Hardware Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
Reality As Vector Data Real-world Entities Are Abstracted Into Three Basic Shapes
Points (Pest Locations)
Lines/Arcs/Routes (Roads)
Areas/Polygons/Regions (Land Use) Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
Getting Data into a GIS
Digital Data
Paper Maps 480585.5, 3769234 483194.1, 3768432 485285.8, 3768391 484327.3, 3768565 483874.7, 3769823
Coordinates
GIS Data
GPS Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
GIS Functions Capture
Analyze
Store
Display
Query
Output
Carl Kinkaid, ESRI
END PRODUCT
Visual Display MAP
Decision Making Process
Resource Inventories
Digital Database
GPS
What is GPS?
Global Positioning System
NAVSTAR: NAVigation System with Timing And Ranging Developed by U.S. Department of Defense
Accessible by Civil and Military A satellite-based system that features:
Accurate Navigation, Positioning and Timing
Worldwide Coverage
24 hour access
No fees to use GPS
Standalone Positioning: By 2011
Better resistance to interference 1-3 m
C/A Code on L1 C/A Code on L2 New Code on L5
Planning a GIS – GPS Project
Step One Define your project Modify as necessary Keep track of lessons learned
Step Two
Follow A Procedure
ESTABLISHING A GIS-GPS PROJECT: Project Planning Procedures
Manipulate Data Geocode Hyper-link
Create Database
Collect Data GPS Photos
Historical Research
FINAL MAP
Set-up Base Map Store all data in one location
Gather Available Data
Determine: Datum Projection Coordinate System
Historical Research
What’s in your back yard??
GPS collects point data
Follow basic outline like a Book Report
Outline Plan Intro Body Summary
Gather Available Data Identify Resources Library Digital Data References
Determine
Datum Horizontal Vertical
Projection for Map (3-D to 2-D) UTM State Plane
Coordinate System
Based on Datum (Lat, Long or Projection Plane)
Datums
Horizontal Datum
Earth Reference System (Geodetic Datum) NAD 27 NAD 83
86 Adjustment HARN for each state (Ohio – 1995) NAD 83 (NSPS 2007)
WGS 84
Get Lat / Long or X Y = Position
Vertical Datums
Elevation (Z) Ellipsoid Height (GPS gives) Orthometric Height (Height of Topography)
Vertical Reference Systems MSL = NGVD 1929 (Tidal Gauges) NAVD 1986 (Geoid 2003=Gravity Model of Earth)
GPS Coordinate System Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates +Z axis
Coordinates: XYZ Earth mass center
–Y axis (90°W)
+X axis
p4
Earth Reference System = Ellipsoid = Mathematical Earth Model = Horizontal Positions Ellipsoid (e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)
+Z axis (parallel to axis of rotation) +Y axis (90°E)
Point #1, Location
Equatorial plane
+Z1
h
1
–X1
Earth mass center
φ
1
–Y1
Coordinates: (–X1, –Y1,) (φ1, λ1, )
λ
+X axis (Prime meridian)
1
–Z axis
p4
Vertical Earth Reference System = Elevation = Geoid Ellipsoid (e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)
+Z axis (parallel to axis of rotation) +Y axis (90°E)
Point #1, Location
Equatorial plane
+Z1
h
1
–X1
Earth mass center
φ
1
–Y1
Coordinates: (Z1 to h1)
λ
+X axis (Prime meridian)
1
–Z axis
Geoid (“mean sea level” = 0)
Three Surfaces (X Y Elevation) Orthometric Height Earth surface
X Y Mean sea level
Ell ips oid
Ge oi d
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates Ellipsoid (e.g., GRS-80, WGS-84)
+Z axis (parallel to axis of rotation) +Y axis (90°E)
Point #1, Arizona Coordinates: (–X1, –Y1, +Z1) (φ1, λ1, h1)
+Z1
h
1
–X axis (180°W)
–X1
+X axis (Prime meridian)
Earth mass center
φ
1
–Y1
Equatorial plane
λ
1
Geoid –Y axis (90°W)
–Z axis
(“mean sea level”)
p4
Most Complicated Part
Understand Datums, Coordinate Systems, and Projections
What Reference System is the Data in?
What is the software doing with the Data?
Keep all project data in same Reference System
Set Up Base Map
OrthoPhotos the best – see earth
Distortion Removed
Measure off photos
County Photos:
6 inch resolution 1 foot accuracy
Univ of Akron
Base Map
CAD
Scanned Map ( Georeference )
Anything as Background to give perspective
ESTABLISHING A GIS-GPS PROJECT: Project Planning Procedures
Manipulate Data Geocode Hyper-link
Create Database
Collect Data GPS Photos
Historical Research
FINAL MAP
Set-up Base Map Store all data in one location
Gather Available Data
Determine: Datum Projection Coordinate System
Collect Data
Best Part Create Own Data and Use It
Carefull
Best Learning Application Easy to make mistakes
Document Metadata
Create Database
Get data into form computer can use Can be frustrating at first Understand formats of data
How data is physically saved
Excel – Good Then Convert to dbase (X Y) Shapefile Best or Geodatabase Put everything in one Folder – database management - Where is the data??
GIS Skills
Hyperlinking – Neat (Pictures, Documents) Geocoding Address Geocoding Geographic Geocoding
Georeferencing Manipulate Data Problem Solve Lessons Learn
Procedure
Keep Track of Procedure
Easier Second Time Around!
Joy To Complete Project
In My Backyard
The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 1795 between a coalition of Native Indians and the United States. The Treaty of Greenville re-established the western boundary of
the United States.
Emergency Phone Coverage/Buffer
Other GIS/GPS Projects Dry Hydrants/County
The End Procedures Transportability (Data in one file) Lessons Learned
