Polysomnography - EEG - electroencephalogram - EOG ...
Polysomnography - EEG - electroencephalogram
- EOG - Electrooculogram - eye movement
- EMG - Electromyogram
- EKG - Electrocardiogram
- RR - Respiration Rate
- O2/CO2 - Saturation/desaturation
Dual Sleep - Non REM Sleep
- Stage 1
- Stage 2
- Delta = Stage 3 & Stage 4
- delta waves most prominent in this stage
- brain waves are very slow
- REM Sleep
- Sleep goes from 1-2-3-4-3-2-REM
- Sleep cycles each are about 10 mins
Qualities of Dual Sleep - all mammals have dual sleep except - monotremes (anteaters, platypus) & cetaceans (whales, dolphins)
- Sleep wake cycle governed by an internal 25 hour clock circadian rhythm tuned to 24 hours by sun
- REM Periods alt with non-rem according to 90-100 min ultradian rhythm
- REM periods last longer as night progresses
- REM sleep can be exhausting
- Babies have most REM sleep and this slowly goes down with age
Sleep and Aging - Sleep bocmes lighter & wakefulness becomes sleepier
- people sleep less as older & proportion of time in REM decreases
- Aging is ofton accompanied by chronic sleep deprivation due to illness, pain, breathing, peeing
STAGES - 1 - transition between wakefulness and clear sleep
- 2 - first bona fide sleep stage point of no return at onset
- 3/4 - Delta
- deepest most relaxed sleep
- physiological relaxation
- slow rolling eye movement
- mundane talking dreams
- growth hormones secretions
- deficient thermoregultion
- REM
- reg similar to waking state
- heightened phisiologocal ctivity
- rapid jerky eye movements
- erection of sexual tissues
- vivid visual dreams
- secreting stress hormones
- reduced by nearly all RREM sleep
- sleep paralysis - cat atone
Cetacean Seep - dolphin - left hemisphere sleeps - right awake; then they switch places
- need this rather than Rem because they have to stay swimming or would die
Typical sleep 0 - go to bed 5-10 - hypnogogic hallucinigations - enter stage 1 sleep 10-15 point of no return bridge between stage 1 & 2; Myoclonic jerk 45 - transition from 2 to delta 70-90 - 1st REM period about 5 mins long; "REM latency; alternates with stage 2 every 90-100 mins 90-100 - succeeding REM periods 420 - 480 - Awakening 7-8 hours Brain Mechanisms in Sleep
- sleep onset i triggered by release of melatonin from pineal gland
- PG is controlled by Pacemaker neurons in Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus which regulates circa rhythm
- switches between REM and NREM sleep are controlled by multiple areas in hind brain (pons) and midbrain (reticular formation)
- dreams are initiated by the refrohtal lobe
Sleep theories
Anti predator adaptation - forces us to be quiet at certain times of day Restorative - sleep yeps us recover something depleted during wakefulness Facilitates learning - sleep (rem mostly) might help us consolidate memories Thermoregulatory - sleep keeps us from overheating and helps conserve energy all wrong
Dreams - We dream in Rem and Non Rem
- REM dream is more visual and active
- Dream time is real time - no dream condensation
- Few dreams are bizarre - usually daily preoccupations
- Themes of dreams vary little after little each year
- Dream have no known function
-
- fried said it was - dream fulfillment & daily recollection of events False
- Dreams can be controlled with practice - lucid dreaming
- Dreams contain more bad outcomes than good, more negative than positive, & aggressive vs friendl
be
- Children: fantastical dreams, more about animals than people, more likely to victims than aggressors
- Men tend to have more dreams about men (70%), typically about competition or fighting
- While women dream equal about women and men
- Most sex dreams are not pleasant, often involve people dreamers arent attracted to
- Aggression in mens dreams tends to be physical - much like mens life aggression
- In womens dreams Aggression is relational - just like in real life
- Women dreams otto about weddings & babies
Effects of Sleep Deprivation - Missing 1 night = sleepiness and slight cognitive impairment - no motor impairment
- Missing 2 nights = progressive cognitive & motor impairment, distractible,
- Microsleep - intrude upon wakefulness - forget whats real and daydream
- Doesnt cause lasting mental illness
- Can alleviate depression temporarily and cause mania
- Compromises immune function and increase risk of many illnesses
- rem rebound" on resuming sleep - making up for lost REM
- cant make up for lost sleep but can for lost REM which only makes you more tired
- Sleep deprivation refers to ones habitual sleep times - depends on how much you usually sleep
Elements of Sleep Hygiene - chronic, constant, moderate exersice
- no after dinner exercise - keeps you awake
- minimal stimulant use - want it to be gone by bed time
- constant sleep and wake up time
- minimal noise
- darkness
- stillness
- constant diet
Insomnia Disorder - cant go to sleep easily or wake up too soon - mental or physical illness
- aches pain discomfort of old age
- use of stimulant drugs - meds - food
- Muscle jerks - nocturnal myoclonus
- breathing problems - sleep apnea
- central pane
- airway apnea
- alcohol reduces sleep because rebound anxiety
- Lenthening of work week & multiple jobs
- Loss of extended family for childcare
- Overwhelmed more easily
Hypersomnia - always sleepy & sleep prone - Narcolepsy - in daytime peole suddenly have sleepy spells and they just fall asleep
- falls asleep fast straight to REM
- Sometimes Cataplexy - sudden loss of muscle function
- frequent bouts of sleep paralysis
- intense hallucinations while falling asleep
- 8-12% have 1st degree relative - genetic
- Treatment - schedule naps, adhd meds
- Sleep Paralysis
Parasomnia - abnormal events occur during sleep - sleep walking
- Occur in Non rem sleep
- Slow wave sleep
- Bed wetting
- teeth grinding
- head banging/rocking
- sleepwalking, sleep talking, sleep sex
- sleep terrors
- REM sleep
- isolated sleep paralysis - when not associated with narcolepsy
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- violent thrashing, yelling, jumping out of bed
- often representing acting out violent breakthroughs
- rem with no atonia
- EOG - Electrooculogram - eye movement
- EMG - Electromyogram
- EKG - Electrocardiogram
- RR - Respiration Rate
- O2/CO2 - Saturation/desaturation
Dual Sleep - Non REM Sleep
- Stage 1
- Stage 2
- Delta = Stage 3 & Stage 4
- delta waves most prominent in this stage
- brain waves are very slow
- REM Sleep
- Sleep goes from 1-2-3-4-3-2-REM
- Sleep cycles each are about 10 mins
Qualities of Dual Sleep - all mammals have dual sleep except - monotremes (anteaters, platypus) & cetaceans (whales, dolphins)
- Sleep wake cycle governed by an internal 25 hour clock circadian rhythm tuned to 24 hours by sun
- REM Periods alt with non-rem according to 90-100 min ultradian rhythm
- REM periods last longer as night progresses
- REM sleep can be exhausting
- Babies have most REM sleep and this slowly goes down with age
Sleep and Aging - Sleep bocmes lighter & wakefulness becomes sleepier
- people sleep less as older & proportion of time in REM decreases
- Aging is ofton accompanied by chronic sleep deprivation due to illness, pain, breathing, peeing
STAGES - 1 - transition between wakefulness and clear sleep
- 2 - first bona fide sleep stage point of no return at onset
- 3/4 - Delta
- deepest most relaxed sleep
- physiological relaxation
- slow rolling eye movement
- mundane talking dreams
- growth hormones secretions
- deficient thermoregultion
- REM
- reg similar to waking state
- heightened phisiologocal ctivity
- rapid jerky eye movements
- erection of sexual tissues
- vivid visual dreams
- secreting stress hormones
- reduced by nearly all RREM sleep
- sleep paralysis - cat atone
Cetacean Seep - dolphin - left hemisphere sleeps - right awake; then they switch places
- need this rather than Rem because they have to stay swimming or would die
Typical sleep 0 - go to bed 5-10 - hypnogogic hallucinigations - enter stage 1 sleep 10-15 point of no return bridge between stage 1 & 2; Myoclonic jerk 45 - transition from 2 to delta 70-90 - 1st REM period about 5 mins long; "REM latency; alternates with stage 2 every 90-100 mins 90-100 - succeeding REM periods 420 - 480 - Awakening 7-8 hours Brain Mechanisms in Sleep
- sleep onset i triggered by release of melatonin from pineal gland
- PG is controlled by Pacemaker neurons in Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus which regulates circa rhythm
- switches between REM and NREM sleep are controlled by multiple areas in hind brain (pons) and midbrain (reticular formation)
- dreams are initiated by the refrohtal lobe
Sleep theories
Anti predator adaptation - forces us to be quiet at certain times of day Restorative - sleep yeps us recover something depleted during wakefulness Facilitates learning - sleep (rem mostly) might help us consolidate memories Thermoregulatory - sleep keeps us from overheating and helps conserve energy all wrong
Dreams - We dream in Rem and Non Rem
- REM dream is more visual and active
- Dream time is real time - no dream condensation
- Few dreams are bizarre - usually daily preoccupations
- Themes of dreams vary little after little each year
- Dream have no known function
-
- fried said it was - dream fulfillment & daily recollection of events False
- Dreams can be controlled with practice - lucid dreaming
- Dreams contain more bad outcomes than good, more negative than positive, & aggressive vs friendl
be
- Children: fantastical dreams, more about animals than people, more likely to victims than aggressors
- Men tend to have more dreams about men (70%), typically about competition or fighting
- While women dream equal about women and men
- Most sex dreams are not pleasant, often involve people dreamers arent attracted to
- Aggression in mens dreams tends to be physical - much like mens life aggression
- In womens dreams Aggression is relational - just like in real life
- Women dreams otto about weddings & babies
Effects of Sleep Deprivation - Missing 1 night = sleepiness and slight cognitive impairment - no motor impairment
- Missing 2 nights = progressive cognitive & motor impairment, distractible,
- Microsleep - intrude upon wakefulness - forget whats real and daydream
- Doesnt cause lasting mental illness
- Can alleviate depression temporarily and cause mania
- Compromises immune function and increase risk of many illnesses
- rem rebound" on resuming sleep - making up for lost REM
- cant make up for lost sleep but can for lost REM which only makes you more tired
- Sleep deprivation refers to ones habitual sleep times - depends on how much you usually sleep
Elements of Sleep Hygiene - chronic, constant, moderate exersice
- no after dinner exercise - keeps you awake
- minimal stimulant use - want it to be gone by bed time
- constant sleep and wake up time
- minimal noise
- darkness
- stillness
- constant diet
Insomnia Disorder - cant go to sleep easily or wake up too soon - mental or physical illness
- aches pain discomfort of old age
- use of stimulant drugs - meds - food
- Muscle jerks - nocturnal myoclonus
- breathing problems - sleep apnea
- central pane
- airway apnea
- alcohol reduces sleep because rebound anxiety
- Lenthening of work week & multiple jobs
- Loss of extended family for childcare
- Overwhelmed more easily
Hypersomnia - always sleepy & sleep prone - Narcolepsy - in daytime peole suddenly have sleepy spells and they just fall asleep
- falls asleep fast straight to REM
- Sometimes Cataplexy - sudden loss of muscle function
- frequent bouts of sleep paralysis
- intense hallucinations while falling asleep
- 8-12% have 1st degree relative - genetic
- Treatment - schedule naps, adhd meds
- Sleep Paralysis
Parasomnia - abnormal events occur during sleep - sleep walking
- Occur in Non rem sleep
- Slow wave sleep
- Bed wetting
- teeth grinding
- head banging/rocking
- sleepwalking, sleep talking, sleep sex
- sleep terrors
- REM sleep
- isolated sleep paralysis - when not associated with narcolepsy
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- violent thrashing, yelling, jumping out of bed
- often representing acting out violent breakthroughs
- rem with no atonia
